RKO Pictures

RKO Pictures

Νομική μορφή	συμμετοχική εταιρεία
Κλάδος	motion picture, video and television programme production activities
Ίδρυση	23  Οκτωβρίου 1928
Ιδρυτής	Δαβίδ Σαρνόφ και Τζόζεφ Πάτρικ Κένεντι
Διάλυση	7  Μαρτίου 1959
Έδρα	Μανχάταν, Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες Αμερικής
Ιστότοπος	Επίσημος ιστότοπος
Πολυμέσα
δεδομένα ()

Η RKO (Radio-Keith-Orpheum) Pictures (γνωστή και ως RKO Productions, Radio Pictures, RKO Radio Pictures, RKO Teleradio Pictures, ενώ και για ένα μικρό χρονικό διάστημα RKO Pathé) είναι αμερικανική κινηματογραφική εταιρεία παραγωγής και διανομής. Ήταν μία από τις Πέντε Μεγάλες κινηματογραφικές εταιρείες του Χόλυγουντ της Χρυσής Εποχής του Χολύγουντ (Golden Age of Hollywood). Η επιχείρηση δημιουργήθηκε μετά την ένωση των Keith-Albee-Orpheum και του Τζόζεφ Κένεντι τη Film Booking Offices of America, υπό τον έλεγχο της RCA, τον Οκτώβριο του 1928. Ο Δαβίδ Σαρνόφ, διευθυντής της RCA, σχεδίασε αυτή τη συγχώνευση. Τα μέσα της δεκαετίας του 1940, η διεύθυνση της εταιρείας ανήκε στον επενδυτή Φλόιντ Όντλουμ.

Η εταιρεία τα πήγαινε πολύ καλά με τα μιούζικαλ που παρήγαγε, έχοντας σπουδαίους ηθοποιός να πρωταγωνιστούν σε αυτά, όπως ο Φρεντ Αστέρ και η Τζίντζερ Ρότζερς, στα μέσα της δεκαετίας του 1930. Ηθοποιοί όπως η Κάθριν Χέπμπορν και ο Ρόμπερτ Μίτσαμ, έκαναν εκεί τις πρώτες τους μεγάλες επιτυχίες. Ενώ και ο Κάρι Γκραντ ήταν για πολύ καιρό ο στυλοβάτης της εταιρείας. Η δουλειά του παραγωγού, σε χαμηλού προϋπολογισμού ταινίες τρόμου, Βαλ Λιούτον, που αργότερα έγιναν γνωστές ως φιλμ νουάρ, είναι πλέον αναγνωρίσιμες, από τους κατοπινούς κριτικούς και ιστορικούς.

Πηγές

• Ballinger, Alexander, and Danny Graydon (2007). The Rough Guide to Film Noir. London: Rough Guides. (ISBN 1-84353-474-6)
• Barrier, Michael (2003). Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age. New York: Oxford University Press. (ISBN 0-19-516729-5)
• Barrier, Michael (2008). The Animated Man: A Life of Walt Disney. Berkeley: University of California Press. (ISBN 978-0-520-25619-4)
• Barrios, Richard (1995). A Song in the Dark: The Birth of the Musical Film. New York: Oxford University Press. (ISBN 0-19-508811-5)
• Beauchamp, Cari (2009). Joseph P. Kennedy Presents: His Hollywood Years. New York: Knopf. (ISBN 978-1400040001)
• Boddy, William (1990). Fifties Television: The Industry and Its Critics. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. (ISBN 0-252-06299-X)
• Bordwell, David, Janet Staiger, and Kristin Thompson (1985). The Classical Hollywood Cinema: Film Style & Mode of Production to 1960. New York: Columbia University Press. (ISBN 0-231-06054-8)
• Bradley, Edwin M. (1996). The First Hollywood Musicals: A Critical Filmography of 171 Features, 1927 Through 1932. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. (ISBN 0-7864-2029-4)
• Brady, Frank (1990 [1989]). Citizen Welles: A Biography of Orson Welles. New York: Anchor. (ISBN 0-385-26759-2)
• Brown, Peter Harry, and Pat H. Broeske (2004). Howard Hughes: The Untold Story. New York: Da Capo. (ISBN 0-306-81392-0)
• Brunelle, Ray (1996). "The Art of Sound Effects", Experimental Musical Instruments 12, nos. 1 and 2 (September and December). ISSN 0883-0754
• Carman, Emily (2012). "'Women Rule Hollywood': Ageing and Freelance Stardom in the Studio System", in Female Celebrity and Ageing: Back in the Spotlight, ed. Deborah Jermyn, pp. 15–26. Abingdon and New York: Routledge. (ISBN 978-0-415-83236-6)
• Carman, Emily (2016). Independent Stardom: Freelance Women in the Hollywood Studio System. Austin: University of Texas Press. (ISBN 978-1-4773-0731-1)
• Carman, Emily (2020). "Going Independent in 1930s Hollywood: Freelance Star and Independent Producer Collaborations at United Artists", in United Artists, ed. Peter Krämer, Gary Needham, Yannis Tzioumakis, and Tino Balio, pp. 57–74. Abingdon and New York: Routledge. (ISBN 978-0-367-17898-7)
• Conant, Michael (1981). "The Paramount Decrees Reconsidered", in The American Film Industry, ed. Tino Balio, pp. 537–73. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. (ISBN 0-299-09874-5)
• Cook, Pam (2007). The Cinema Book, 3d ed. London: BFI Publishing. (ISBN 1-84457-192-0)
• Cotta Vaz, Mark, and Craig Barron (2002). The Invisible Art: The Legends of Movie Matte Painting. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. (ISBN 978-0-8118-4515-1)
• Cox, Jim (2009). American Radio Networks: A History. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. (ISBN 978-0-7864-4192-1)
• Crafton, Donald (1997). The Talkies: American Cinema's Transition to Sound, 1926–1931. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. (ISBN 0-684-19585-2)
• Crosby, Michael (2009). Encino. Charleston, SC: Arcadia. (ISBN 0-7385-6991-7)
• Culhane, John (1999). Walt Disney's Fantasia. New York: Harry N. Abrams. (ISBN 0-8109-8078-9)
• Denisoff, R. Serge (1986). Tarnished Gold: The Record Industry Revisited. Piscataway, NJ: Transaction. (ISBN 0-88738-618-0)
• Deyo, L. B., and David Leibowitz (2003). Invisible Frontier: Exploring the Tunnels, Ruins, and Rooftops of Hidden New York. New York: Random House. (ISBN 0-609-80931-8)
• Di Battista, Maria (2001). Fast-Talking Dames. New Haven, CT, and London: Yale University Press. (ISBN 0-300-08815-9)
• Dīck, Bernard F. (2021). Engulfed: The Death of Paramount Pictures and the Birth of Corporate Hollywood. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. (ISBN 978-0-8131-5135-9)
• Dickstein, Morris (2002). "Bringing Up Baby (1938)", in The A List: The National Society of Film Critics' 100 Essential Films, ed. Jay Carr, pp. 48–50. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo. (ISBN 0-306-81096-4)
• Dietrich, Noah, and Bob Thomas (1972). Howard, The Amazing Mr. Hughes. Greenwich, CT: Fawcett Publications. (ISBN 0-449-13652-3)
• Dixon, Wheeler W. (2005). Lost in the Fifties: Recovering Phantom Hollywood. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. (ISBN 0-8093-2653-1)
• Dombrowski, Lisa (2008). The Films of Samuel Fuller: If You Die, I'll Kill You! Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press. (ISBN 978-0-8195-6866-3)
• Erickson, Hal (2012). Military Comedy Films: A Critical Survey and Filmography of Hollywood since 1918. Jeferson, NC: McFarland. (ISBN 978-0-7864-6290-2)
• Erickson, Hal (2020). A Van Beuren Production: A History of the 619 Cartoons, 875 Live Action Shorts, Four Feature Films, and One Serial of Amedee Van Beuren. Jeferson, NC: McFarland. (ISBN 978-1-4766-8027-9)
• Eyman, Scott (2010). Empire of Dreams: The Epic Life of Cecil B. DeMille. New York: Simon & Schuster. (ISBN 978-0-7432-8955-9)
• Fein, Seth (2000). "Transcultured Anticommunism: Cold War Hollywood in Postwar Mexico", in Visible Nations: Latin American Cinema and Video, ed. Chon A. Noriega, pp. 82–111. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. (ISBN 0-8166-3347-9)
• Finler, Joel W. (2003). The Hollywood Story, 3d ed. London: Wallflower. (ISBN 1-903364-66-3)
• Fong-Torres, Ben (2001). The Hits Just Keep on Coming: The History of Top 40 Radio. Milwaukee: Hal Leonard. (ISBN 0-87930-664-5)
• Friedrich, Otto (1997 [1986]). City of Nets: A Portrait of Hollywood in the 1940s. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. (ISBN 0-520-20949-4)
• Gabler, Neal (2006). Walt Disney: The Triumph of the American Imagination. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. (ISBN 0-679-43822-X)
• Glick, Mark A., Lara A. Reymann, and Richard Hoffman (2003). Intellectual Property Damages: Guidelines and Analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. (ISBN 0-471-23719-1)
• Gomery, Douglas (1985). "The Coming of Sound: Technological Change in the American Film Industry", in Technology and Culture—The Film Reader, ed. Andrew Utterson, pp. 53–67. Oxford and New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis, 2005. (ISBN 0-415-31984-6)
• Gomery, Douglas (2005). The Hollywood Studio System: A History. London: BFI. (ISBN 978-1844570232)
• Goodwin, Doris Kearns (1987). The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys. New York: Simon & Schuster. (ISBN 0-312-06354-7)
• Hanson, Patricia King, and Amy Dunkleberger, eds. (1999). American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States: Feature Films, 1941–1950. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. (ISBN 0-520-21521-4)
• Harvey, James (1998). Romantic Comedy in Hollywood, from Lubitsch to Sturges. New York: Da Capo. (ISBN 0-306-80832-3)
• Haupert, Michael John (2006). The Entertainment Industry. Westport, CT.: Greenwood. (ISBN 0-313-32173-6)
• Hilmes, Michelle (1990). Hollywood and Broadcasting: From Radio to Cable. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. (ISBN 0-252-01709-9)
• Holt, Jennifer (2011). Empires of Entertainment: Media Industries and the Politics of Deregulation, 1980–1996. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. (ISBN 978-0-8135-5052-7)
• Howard, Herbert H. (1979). Multiple Ownership in Television Broadcasting: Historical Development and Selected Case Studies. New York: Arno. (ISBN 0-405-11759-0)
• Huettig, Mae D. (1944). Economic Control of the Motion Picture Industry, excerpted in The American Film Industry, ed. Tino Balio, pp. 285–310. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. (ISBN 0-299-09874-5)
• Jacobs, Steven (2007). The Wrong House: The Architecture of Alfred Hitchcock. Rotterdam: 010 Publishers. (ISBN 90-6450-637-X)
• Jeff, Leonard J., and Jerold L. Simmons (2001). The Dame in the Kimono: Hollywood, Censorship, and the Production Code. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. (ISBN 0-8131-9011-8)
• Jewell, Richard B., with Vernon Harbin (1982). The RKO Story. New York: Arlington House/Crown. (ISBN 0-517-54656-6)
• Jewell, Richard B. (2012). RKO Radio Pictures: A Titan Is Born. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. (ISBN 978-0-520-27178-4)
• Jewell, Richard B. (2016). Slow Fade to Black: The Decline of RKO Radio Pictures. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. (ISBN 978-0-520-28966-6)
• Kear, Lynn, with James King (2009). Evelyn Brent: The Life and Films of Hollywood's Lady Crook. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. (ISBN 0-7864-4363-4)
• Keyes, Cheryl L. (2004). Rap Music and Street Consciousness. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. (ISBN 0-252-07201-4)
• King, Emily (2003). Movie Poster. London: Octopus. (ISBN 1-84000-653-6)
• Korwar, Arati R. (2013 [1998]) "Hollywood/Radio Controversy of 1932", in History of the Mass Media in the United States: An Encyclopedia, ed. Margaret A. Blanchard, pp. 256–57. (ISBN 1-57958-012-2)
• Koszarski, Richard (2008). Hollywood on the Hudson: Film and Television in New York from Griffith to Sarnoff. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. (ISBN 0-8135-4293-6)
• Koszarski, Richard (2021). "Keep 'Em in the East": Kazan, Kubrick, and the Postwar New York Film Renaissance. New York: Columbia University Press. (ISBN 978-0231200981)
• Kroessler, Jeffrey A. (2002). New York Year by Year: A Chronology of the Great Metropolis. New York: NYU Press. (ISBN 0-8147-4751-5)
• Langdon-Teclaw, Jennifer (2007). "The Progressive Producer in the Studio System: Adrian Scott at RKO, 1943–1947", in "Un-American" Hollywood: Politics and Film in the Blacklist Era, ed. Frank Krutnik, Steve Neale, Brian Neve, and Peter Stanfield, pp. 152–68. New Brunswick, NJ, and London: Rutgers University Press. (ISBN 0-8135-4198-0)
• Lasky, Betty (1989). RKO: The Biggest Little Major of Them All. Santa Monica, CA: Roundtable. (ISBN 0-915677-41-5)
• Leff, Leonard J. (1999 [1987]). Hitchcock and Selznick: The Rich and Strange Collaboration of Alfred Hitchcock and David O. Selznick in Hollywood. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. (ISBN 0-520-21781-0)
• McBride, Joseph (2006). What Ever Happened to Orson Welles? A Portrait of an Independent Career. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. (ISBN 0-8131-2410-7)
• McCann, Graham (1998). Cary Grant: A Class Apart. New York: Columbia University Press. (ISBN 0-231-10885-0)
• Moody's Manual of Investments: American and Foreign—Volume 2, Industrial Securities (1935). New York: Moody's Investors Service.
• Moody's Manual of Investments: American and Foreign—Volume 2, Industrial Securities (1941). New York: Moody's Investors Service.
• Morton, Ray (2005). King Kong: The History of a Movie Icon from Fay Wray to Peter Jackson. New York: Applause. (ISBN 1-55783-669-8)
• Mueller, John (1986). Astaire Dancing: The Musical Films. London: Hamish Hamilton. (ISBN 0-241-11749-6)
• Muller, Eddie (1998). Dark City: The Lost World of Film Noir. New York: St. Martin's. (ISBN 0-312-18076-4)
• Naremore, James (1989). The Magic World of Orson Welles, rev. ed. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press. (ISBN 0-87074-299-X)
• Nasaw, David (2012). The Patriarch: The Remarkable Life and Turbulent Times of Joseph P. Kennedy. New York: Penguin Press. (ISBN 978-1-59420-376-3)
• Nye, David E. (1992). Electrifying America: Social Meanings of a New Technology, 1880–1940. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (ISBN 0-262-64030-9)
• O'Neill, Dennis J. (1966). A Whale of a Territory: The Story of Bill O'Neil. New York: McGraw Hill.
• Pierce, David (2007). "Forgotten Faces: Why Some of Our Cinema Heritage Is Part of the Public Domain", Film History: An International Journal 19, no. 2 (June).
• Pierson, John (1997). Spike, Mike, Slackers & Dykes: A Guided Tour Across a Decade of American Independent Cinema. New York: Miramax Books/Hyperion. (ISBN 0-7868-8222-0)
• Pitts, Michael R. (2015). RKO Radio Pictures Horror, Science Fiction and Fantasy Films, 1929–1956. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. (ISBN 978-0-7864-6047-2)
• Porst, Jennifer (2015). "The Preservation of Competition: Hollyood and Antitrust Law", in Hollywood and the Law, ed. Paul McDonald, Emily Carman, Eric Hoyt, and Philip Drake, pp. 103–29. London: BFI/Palgrave. (ISBN 978-1-84457-477-3)
• Regev, Ronny (2018). Working in Hollywood: How the Studio System Turned Creativity into Labor. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. (ISBN 9781469636504)
• Rode, Alan K. (2007). Charles McGraw: Biography of a Film Noir Tough Guy. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. (ISBN 0-7864-3167-9)
• Russell, James, and Jim Whalley (2018). Hollywood and the Baby Boom: A Social History. New York and London: Bloomsbury Academic. (ISBN 978-1-5013-3149-7)
• Schatz, Thomas (1998 [1989]). The Genius of the System: Hollywood Filmmaking in the Studio Era. London: Faber and Faber. (ISBN 0-571-19596-2)
• Schatz, Thomas (1999 [1997]). Boom and Bust: American Cinema in the 1940s. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. (ISBN 0-520-22130-3)
• Schwartz, Ronald (2005). Neo-Noir: The New Film Noir Style from Psycho to Collateral. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield/Scarecrow. (ISBN 0-8108-5676-X)
• Segrave, Kerry (1999). Movies at Home: How Hollywood Came to Television. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. (ISBN 0-7864-0654-2)
• Senn, Bryan (1996). Golden Horrors: An Illustrated Critical Filmography of Terror Cinema, 1931–1939. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. (ISBN 0-7864-0175-3)
• Senn, Bryan (2018). Drums o' Terror: Voodoo in the Cinema. Albany, GA: BearManor Media. (ISBN 978-1-887664-18-9)
• Server, Lee (2002). Robert Mitchum: "Baby, I Don't Care". New York: St. Martin's. (ISBN 0-312-26206-X)
• Shull, Michael S., and David Edward Wilt (1996). Hollywood War Films, 1937–1945: An Exhaustive Filmography of American Feature-Length Motion Pictures Relating to World War II. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. (ISBN 978-0-7864-2854-0)
• Sikov, Ed (1996). Laughing Hysterically: American Screen Comedy of the 1950s. New York: Columbia University Press. (ISBN 0-231-07983-4)
• Slide, Anthony (1998). The New Historical Dictionary of the American Film Industry. Abingdon and New York: Routledge. (ISBN 978-1-579-58056-8)
• Smith, Dave (1996). Disney A to Z: The Official Encyclopedia. New York: Hyperion. (ISBN 0-7868-6223-8)
• Spicer, Andrew (2014 [2002]). Film Noir. Abingdon and New York: Routledge. (ISBN 978-0-582-43712-1^{[à vérifier : ISBN invalide]})
• Spoto, Donald (1984 [1983]). The Dark Side of Genius: The Life of Alfred Hitchcock. New York: Ballantine. (ISBN 0-345-31462-X)
• Stephens, Michael L. (1995). Film Noir: A Comprehensive, Illustrated Reference to Movies, Terms, and Persons. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. (ISBN 0-89950-802-2)
• Terrace, Vincent (1999). Radio Programs, 1924–1984: A Catalog of More Than 1800 Shows. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. (ISBN 978-0-7864-4513-4)
• Thomson, David (1997 [1996]). Rosebud: The Story of Orson Welles. New York: Vintage. (ISBN 0-679-77283-9)
• Uytdewilligen, Ryan (2021). Killing John Wayne: The Making of the Conqueror. Lanham, MD: Globe Pequot/Rowman & Littlefield. (ISBN 978-1-4930-5847-1)
• Ward, Richard Lewis (2016). When the Cock Crows: A History of the Pathé Exchange. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. (ISBN 978-0-8093-3496-4)
• Wegele, Peter (2014). Max Steiner: Composing, Casablanca, and the Golden Age of Film Music. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. (ISBN 978-1-4422-3113-9)

Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι

• The Early Sound Films of Pathé list of RKO Pathé–branded films of 1931–32; part of Vitaphone Video Early Talkies.
• RKO Theater Chain list of classic movie houses belonging to RKO chain; part of Cinema Treasures.
• C&C RKO 16mm Prints extensive discussion of RKO preservation and rights issues, by David Chierichetti; part of eFilmCenter.
• RKO Radio Pictures: Main Logos Αρχειοθετήθηκε 2023-01-29 στο Wayback Machine. gallery and analysis; part of the Audiovisual Identity Database.
• RKO Radio Pictures Logo History video survey of the evolving Transmitter and more.