Islands of Shanghai: Difference between revisions

[[Chongming Island]] ({{lang|zh|崇明岛}}) ({{convert|1267|sqkm|sp=us|disp=or|abbr=on}}<ref name=eos>[http://zhuanti.shanghai.gov.cn/encyclopedia/en/Default2.aspx#50 "Chongming County" in the ''Encyclopedia of Shanghai'', pp.&nbsp;50&nbsp;ff.] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302131933/http://zhuanti.shanghai.gov.cn/encyclopedia/en/Default2.aspx |date=2013-03-02 }} Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers (Shanghai), 2010. Hosted by the Municipality of Shanghai.</ref>) is now the second-largest [[islands of China|island of mainland China]] (after [[Hainan]]). The natural expansion of the island has been greatly accelerated by [[land reclamation|reclamation projects]], which doubled its size between 1950 and 2010. This growth caused it to absorb the former island of [[Yonglongsha]], creating a long [[list of enclaves and exclaves#Subnational pene-enclaves.2Fexclaves and/exclaves (inaccessible districts)|pene-exclave]] of [[Jiangsu]] on its northern shore administered as the [[township (PRC)|township]]s of [[Haiyong Township|Haiyong]] and [[Qilong Township|Qilong]]. The island was connected to Changxing by the [[Shanghai Yangtze Bridge|Yangtze Bridge]] in 2009<ref>"[http://www.shanghaidaily.com/sp/article/2009/200910/20091031/article_418075.htm Bridge-Tunnel Linking Chongming Island Opens to Traffic]". ''[[Shanghai Daily]]''. 31 Oct 2009. Accessed 3 Nov 2009.</ref> and to [[Qidong City|Qidong]] in Jiangsu by the [[Chongqi Bridge]] in 2011.<ref>[http://www.news.ifeng.com/mainland/detail_2011_12/24/11545581_0.shtml "'长江入海第一桥'崇启大桥24日正式建成通车"]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [''"'Chángjiāng Rùhǎi Dì Yī Qiáo' Chóngqǐ Dàqiáo 24 Rì Zhèngshì Jiànchéng Tōngchē"'', "Chongqi Bridge, the 'First Bridge of the Yangtze Delta', Officially Opens to Traffic on the 24th"]. {{lang|zh|中国广播网}} [''Zhōngguó Guǎngbōwǎng'']. 24 Dec 2011. {{zhin iconlang|zh}}</ref> The [[Chonghai Bridge]], to [[Haimen]] in Jiangsu, remains under construction<ref>"[http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90783/7601445.html Major Construction Completed on Chongqi Bridge]". ''[[People's Daily]]''. 21 Sept 2011. Accessed 19 Oct 2011.</ref> and plans for Shanghai's [[Huchong Expressway|S7 (Huchong) Expressway]] call for the creation of a bridge directly from [[Baoshan District, Shanghai|Baoshan District]] to [[Chengqiao, Shanghai|Chengqiao]].

[[Changxing Island (Shanghai{{lang|zh|长兴岛}})|Changxing Island]] ({{convert|88.54|km2|sqmi|sp=us|disp=or|abbr=on}}<ref name="stats2007">[http://www.stats-sh.gov.cn/2003shtj/tjnj/nje07.htm?d1=2007tjnje/e0101.htm Shanghai Statistical Bureau Yearbook 2007]{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>) lies between Chongming and Shanghai in the southern channel of the Yangtze opposite the mouth of the [[Huangpu River|Huangpu]], the major river of central Shanghai. It is connected to Chongming by the [[Shanghai Yangtze Bridge|Yangtze Bridge]] and Shanghai's [[Pudong New Area]] by the [[Shanghai Yangtze Tunnel|Yangtze Tunnel]].

[[Hengsha Island]] ({{lang|zh|横沙岛}}) ({{convert|55.74|km2|sqmi|sp=us|disp=or|abbr=on}}<ref name="stats2007"/>) lies to Changxing's east and is connected with the mainland and other islands by ferry service.

[[Jiuduansha]] is an [[intertidal wetland]]. The {{convert|114.6|km2|sqmi|sp=us|abbr=on}} area above [[sea level]] comprises four major [[shoal]]s: Upper, Middle, Lower, and South Jiuduansha.<ref name=over/>{{refn|Also known by the [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]] form of their Chinese names: Shangsha, Zhongsha, Xiasha, and Jiangyanansha.<ref name=intro>"[http://www.jiuduansha.org.cn/en/english.htm Introduction] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108150728/http://www.jiuduansha.org.cn/en/english.htm |date=2015-01-08 }}". The Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve (Shanghai), 2014.</ref> The last is named for its proximity to the site of the 1948 explosion and sinking of the [[SS Kiangya|SS ''Kiangya'']].}} These shoals and the waters surrounding them to a depth of {{convert|6|m|sp=us|disp=or}} (occupying an additional {{convert|308.6|km2|sqmi|sp=us|abbr=on|disp=or}}) form the [[Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve]], a [[List of protected areas of China#National Urban Wetland Parks of China|nationally-protected area]] of Shanghai.<ref name=over/> The shoals began forming during the [[floods of the Yangtze River|Yangtze floods]] of the late 1940s and early 1950s,<ref name=over>"[http://www.jiuduansha.org.cn/en/english2.htm Overview] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150108160043/http://www.jiuduansha.org.cn/en/english2.htm |date=2015-01-08 }}". The Shanghai Jiuduansha Wetland Nature Reserve (Shanghai), 2014.</ref> but were developed and protected as a replacement for the wetlands of eastern [[Pudong]] during the construction of Shanghai's [[Pudong International Airport|international airport]] in the 1990s.<ref name=4isle/> The [[Spartina alterniflora|cordgrass]] introduced in 1995 has succeeded in stabilizing the shoals but is now considered to be highly [[invasive species|invasive]], displacing the native [[Phragmites australis|reeds]] and [[Scirpus mariqueter|bullrushes]]<ref name=prat>Pratolongo, Paula &&nbsp;al. [https://books.google.co.ukcom/books?id=6bA_wEtlSuMC&pg=PA105 "Temperate Coastal Wetlands: Morphology, Sediment Processes, and Plant Communities" in ''Coastal Wetlands: An Integrated Ecosystem Approach'', p.&nbsp;105.] Elsevier (Amsterdam), 2009.</ref><ref name=scotty>Scott, David B. [https://books.google.co.ukcom/books?id=b1AHAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA229 ''Coastal Wetlands of the World: Geology, Ecology, Distribution, and Applications'', pp.&nbsp;229&nbsp;f.] Cambridge University Press ([[Cambridge, England|Cambridge]]), 2014.</ref> and degrading parts of the wetlands.<ref name=4isle>[http://www.china.org.cn/environment/2009-12/08/content_19028666_2.htm "Fourth Island Wetland Emerging", pp.&nbsp;1&ndash;2.] ''[[Shanghai Daily]]''. 8 Dec 2009. Hosted at China.org.</ref> A wetland museum, as well as a Science Popularization Park on about {{convert|5|sqkm|sp=us}} of the island, are planned to increase public awareness and support.<ref name=4isle/>

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150106052548/http://www.shtong.gov.cn/node2/node2245/node70862/node70867/node70902/node70906/userobject1ai73640.html "Islands and Shoals of Shanghai"] at the Office of Shanghai Chronicles {{zhin iconlang|zh}}

[[Category:Islands of Shanghai|* ]]