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'''Peter Durand''' (21 October 1766 – 23 July 1822) was an English merchant who is widely credited with receiving the first [[patent]] for the idea of [[Food preservation|preserving food]] using [[Steel and tin cans|tin cans]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sg49AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA100|page=100|title=Chronological list of Antarctic expeditions and related historical events|author=Robert Headland|publisher=CUP Archive|year= 1989|isbn=0-521-30903-4}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=urq_kDvJI_sC&pg=PA382|page=382|title=How It Works|publisher=Marshall Cavendish Corporation|year=2003|isbn=0-7614-7314-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/americanprofile100wage|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/americanprofile100wage/page/148 148]|title=American profile, 1900-1909|author=Edward Wagenknecht|publisher=Univ of Massachusetts Press|year=1982|isbn=0-87023-351-3}}</ref> The patent (No 3372) was granted on August 25, 1810, by King [[George III of the United Kingdom]].
The patent specifies that it was issued to Peter Durand, a merchant of [[Hoxton Square]], [[Middlesex]], [[United Kingdom]], for a method of preserving animal food, vegetable food and other perishable articles using various vessels made of [[glass]], [[pottery]], [[tin]] or other suitable metals. The preservation procedure was to fill up a vessel with food and cap it. Vegetables were to be put in raw, whereas animal substances might either be raw or half-cooked. Then the whole item was to be heated by any means, such as an oven, stove or a steam bath, but most conveniently by immersing in water and boiling it. The boiling time was not specified, and was said to depend on the food and vessel size. Neither was the patent clear on the preservation time, which was merely said to be "long". The cap was to be partly open during the whole heating and cooling procedure, but right after that, the vessel should be sealed airtight by any means, such as a cork plug, a screw-cap with a rubber seal, cementing, etc.<ref name=patent>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HvkKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA193|page=193|title=The Repertory of arts, manufactures, and agriculture|year=1811}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://openjurist.org/91/us/171|title=Sewall v. Jones|year=1875 |volume=US |issue=91 |page=171 |publisher=Open Jurist|accessdate=2009-08-08}}</ref>
In his patent, Durand clearly mentions that the idea of the invention was communicated to him more than a year ago by a friend abroad. Extensive research in 19th century archives has revealed that he was French inventor [[Philippe de Girard]]. The relation between Durand and Girard has not been advertised, and the credit for the first canned food patent remains with Durand.<ref name=can>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NFRR6GayR74C&pg=PA123|page=123|title=Food packaging|author=Gordon L. Robertson|publisher=CRC Press|year=2006|isbn=0-8493-3775-5}}</ref>
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