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{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=United Kingdom
|Ship flag=[[Image:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|100x35px|border|British Merchant Navy Ensign]]▼
|Ship flag=▼
▲[[Image:Civil Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg|100x35px|border|British Merchant Navy Ensign]]
|Ship name= ''Faraday''
|Ship namesake=[[Michael Faraday]]
|Ship owner=[[Siemens Brothers|Siemens Brothers & Co Ltd]], London
|Ship operator=[[Atlantic Telegraph Company]]
|Ship registry=London
|Ship route=
|Ship ordered=
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|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=
|Ship way number=939
|Ship laid down=
|Ship launched=16 February 1923
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|Ship honours=
|Ship fate=Sunk by aircraft, 25 March 1941
|Ship identification=*U.K.[[Official number]]:147458
*Signal: GBPF (Lloyd's 1935-36)
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=<ref name=hac>{{cite web |url=http://www.atlantic-cable.com/Cableships/Faraday(2)/index.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190628105009/http://www.atlantic-cable.com/Cableships/Faraday(2)/index.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 June 2019 |title=History of the Atlantic Cable & Submarine Telegraphy – CS Faraday (2) |publisher=www.atlantic-cable.com |
|Ship type= [[Cable layer]]
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship length=*{{convert|415|ft|m|abbr=on}} [[Length overall|o/a]]
*{{convert|380|ft|m|abbr=on}} [[Length between perpendiculars|p/p]]
|Ship beam= {{convert|48|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught= {{convert|27|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship depth={{cvt|29|ft|3|in|m|1|abbr=on}} (molded)
|Ship propulsion=3 boilers, 2 6-cyl triple expansion engine
|Ship sail plan=
|Ship speed= {{convert|12|kn|lk=in}}
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}}
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The second '''CS ''Faraday''''' was a [[cable ship]] built by [[Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company]], [[Hebburn-on-Tyne]], in 1922–23, as a replacement for the ageing {{ship|CS|Faraday|1874|6}} built in 1874. Design of the new ship was influenced by long experience with the original ship.
The ship was launched in February 1923 and by the next year was actively engaged in Atlantic cable work. Between then and 1939 when war interrupted civilian cable operations the ship laid cable from Australia to the Mediterranean. In 1939, after a scheme to recover German cable for use was abandoned due to the loss of the intended Continental terminus, the ship was taken over by the Royal Navy, became HMS ''Faraday'' for training and then returned to cable work. The ship was lost 26 March 1941 in an air attack causing fires and wreck ashore near [[St Ann's Head Lighthouse|St. Ann's Head]] near [[Milford Haven]]. In the attack and wreck sixteen crew were lost. Some remains of the ship remain visible to divers.
==Construction==
Experience over the long operation of the first ''Faraday'' was applied to design of the second. The ship had two decks with a {{cvt|179|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} boat deck with housing for the captain, cable engineer and cable representative. Length overall was {{cvt|415|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}, [[length between perpendiculars|between perpendiculars]] {{cvt|380|ft|m|1|abbr=on}} with a beam of {{cvt|48|ft|3|in|m|1|abbr=on}}. Molded depth was {{cvt|29|ft|3|in|m|1|abbr=on}} and design draft was {{cvt|27|ft|3|in|m|1|abbr=on}}. Four cable tanks had about 4,500 tons capacity to load an entire transatlantic cable; a forward hold was provided for cable buoy and other cable equipment storage. There were three bow sheaves at the bow and two sheaves at starboard on the stern. The ship was designed for adequate water ballast to compensate for cable discharge. Total crew was in excess of 150 and the ship was equipped with five ordinary lifeboats, two motor lifeboats and two work boats.<ref name=TTA>{{cite journal |date=May 1, 1923 |title=Siemens New Ship ''Faraday'' |journal=Telegraph and Telephone Age |volume=41 |issue=9 |pages=202–205 |location=New York |publisher=John B. Taltavall |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TFUiAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA202 |access-date=18 September 2020}}</ref>
Power was steam from three single ended, forced draft, oil fired boilers each with three furnaces and {{cvt|15|ft|3|in|m|1|abbr=on}} in diameter and {{cvt|11|ft|3|in|m|1|abbr=on}} long. Two six cylinder triple expansion engines designed to be capable of operating at very low revolutions for cable laying drove twin screws.<ref name=TTA/><ref name=Coflein>{{Coflein|num=273247 |desc=Faraday |access-date=29 September 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wrecksite.eu/docBrowser.aspx?yzIyo9cAPLUSRxt5qa/PLUSWIqzw== |title=Lloyd's Register (1935-36) |author=Lloyds |publisher=Lloyd's Register |access-date=17 September 2020 }}</ref>
==Cable operations==
''Faraday'' was launched on 16 February 1923 and completed in April.<ref name=RobWal>{{cite web |last1=Robinson |first1=George |last2=Waller |first2=David |title=Faraday |publisher=Tyne Built Ships |url=http://www.tynebuiltships.co.uk/F-Ships/faraday1923.html |access-date=17 September 2020}}</ref> The cable ship, assigned the number 147458, carried out her maiden voyage in that year with the purpose of laying cable between New York and Canso, Nova Scotia.<ref name=hac/><ref name=RobWal/><ref>Marconi Archive, Bodleian Libraries. Oxford. MSS Marconi 3125</ref> In 1924, after laying cable between [[Barbados]] and other islands, ''Faraday'' laid the single, unspliced, {{cvt|82.3|nmi| mi km}} cable between [[Domburg|Domburg, Walcheren]] and [[Aldeburgh, Suffolk]] in one of the early developments of undersea speech transmission. The cable was seen as a possible forerunner of trans Atlantic voice communication.<ref>{{cite journal |date=October 1924 |title=The New Anglo—Dutch Telephone Cable |journal=The Telegraph and Telephone Journal |volume=11 |issue=115 |page=11 |location=London |publisher=G.P.O. |url=http://www.samhallas.co.uk/repository/journals/Telegraph_%26_Telephone_Journal/Whole%20year%20editions/Telegraph%20and%20Telephone%20Journal%20-%20Vol%2011%20%28Oct%201924%20-%20Sep1925%29.pdf |access-date=17 September 2020}}</ref> By the end of that year the ship laid cable between the Atlantic islands of [[Fernando de Noronha]] and [[São Vicente, Cape Verde]].
[[File:Testing cable on Cable Ship "Faraday" laying trans-Tasman submarine cable - King Island (30965149433).jpg|250px|thumb|right|Testing cable on Cable Ship ''Faraday'' laying trans-Tasman submarine cable.]]
''Faraday'' carried out a number of cable laying and surveying exercises both in home waters and the Pacific until 1939.<ref name=hac/> Among the operations was the 1935 laying of the [[Bass Strait]] telephone cable to connect [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]] with [[Tasmania]] with six telephone and about twelve telegraph circuits with a single broadcasting circuit. The cable was a new type carrying the signal over a single wire described as a central conductor separated from another composed of "five copper tapes, which are insulated from the central copper conductor wire by a new substance known as “paragutta,” and covered again by a coating of the same material." — an early [[coaxial cable]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Haines |first=A. B |title=Laying the Bass Strait Telephone Cable |publisher=History of the Atlantic Cable & Undersea Communications |date=February 1, 1936 |url=https://atlantic-cable.com/Cables/1936BassStrait/index.htm |access-date=18 September 2020}}</ref>
''Faraday'' was chartered by the [[British Admiralty|Admiralty]] to recover German cable off [[Ushant]] with intention of refurbishing the cable and relaying it to [[Narvik]]. This plan was cancelled after the [[Operation Alphabet|evacuation from Narvik]] and the ship was then laid up until requisitioned by the Admiralty, becoming HMS ''Faraday'' with some of the civilian crew remaining on board to maintain the cable machinery, first for training of Naval cadets but then for cable work around the African coast.<ref
==Loss==
On 25 March 1941 the ''Faraday'' and four other ships set sail from [[Falmouth, Cornwall|Falmouth]] bound for Milford Haven. The Faraday was carrying 90 miles,<ref group=note>Whether nautical or statute not specified.</ref> 3,870 tons, of submarine telephone cable required in Freetown, Cape Town, Mombassa and Suez.<ref name=Coflein/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fold3.com/image/302517431 |title=British Admiralty War Diary, March 1941 |publisher=www.fold3.com |access-date=27 March 2020 }}</ref>
▲This plan was cancelled after the [[Operation Alphabet|evacuation from Narvik]] and the ship was then laid up until requisitioned by the Admiralty, first for training of Naval cadets but then for cable work around the African coast. (Some of the civilian crew had remained on board).
She later ran aground at Hopper's Point, near West Dale St Ann's Head. Sixteen of the crew of 125 were lost in the attack and the wreck ashore.<ref name=hac/><ref name=Coflein/> Most of the cable was recovered. The wreck of the ''Faraday'' still lies in shallow waters and is a popular attraction for divers.<ref>[http://www.dive-pembrokeshire.com/wrecks.html Dive Pembrokeshire]</ref> Remains are scattered with visible remains being a boiler and three drums of cable.<ref name=hac/><ref name=Coflein/>
▲On 25 March 1941 the ''Faraday'' and four other ships set sail from [[Falmouth, Cornwall|Falmouth]] bound for [[Milford Haven]]. The ships became separated in poor visibility and about 7:45 p.m. the ''Faraday'' was attacked by a [[Heinkel He 111]] which strafed and bombed the ship, killing eight and wounding 25 of the crew, and caused a major fire in the oil bunkers forcing the crew to abandon ship. The aircraft was itself shot down by the ship's crew.
== Footnotes ==
{{reflist|group=note}}
==References==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://www.atlantic-cable.com/Cableships/Faraday(2)/index.htm Atlantic Cable History]▼
==External links==
▲* [https://web.archive.org/web/20190628105009/http://www.atlantic-cable.com/Cableships/Faraday(2)/index.htm
{{citation |url=http://www.shippingwondersoftheworld.com/faraday.html |chapter=The Faraday |title=Shipping Wonders of the World |year=1937 |page=938 |editor-first=Clarence |editor-last=Winchester }}▼
* [https://atlantic-cable.com/Cables/1926Balboa-SantaElena/index.htm 1926 Balboa - Santa Elena Cable] (includes ship photo)
* [https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co33461/bell-from-cable-ship-faraday-1923-bell Bell from Cable Ship 'Faraday', 1923]
▲*{{citation |chapter-url=http://www.shippingwondersoftheworld.com/faraday.html |chapter=The Faraday |title=Shipping Wonders of the World |year=1937 |page=938 |editor-first=Clarence |editor-last=Winchester }}
{{coord missing|Atlantic Ocean}}
{{March 1941 shipwrecks}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Faraday}}
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[[Category:Ships sunk by German aircraft]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in March 1941]]
[[Category:
[[Category:1923 ships]]
[[Category:Milford Haven]]
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