Α-Carotene: Difference between revisions

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Line 1: {{Short description\|Previtamin}} ~~{{DISPLAYTITLE:''alpha''-Carotene}}~~ {{cs1 config\|name-list-style=vanc}} {{lowercasetitle}} {{Use mdy dates\|date=February 2024}} {{Chembox \| Verifiedfields = changed \| verifiedrevid = 477318860 \| ImageFile = Alpha-carotene.svg \| ImageSize = 300px \| ImageAlt = Skeletal formula Line 9 ⟶ 12: \| ImageSize1 = 300px \| ImageAlt1 = Space-filling model \| Name = ~~α~~α-Carotene \| IUPACName = (6′''R'')-β,ε-Carotene \| SystematicName = 1,3,3-Trimethyl-2-<nowiki/>{(1''E'',3''E'',5''E'',7''E'',9''E'',11''E'',13''E'',15''E'',17''E'')-3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-[(1''R'')-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaen-1-yl}cyclohex-1-ene \| OtherNames = \|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers Line 46 ⟶ 50: }} '''α-Carotene''' (''alpha''-carotene) is a form of [[carotene]] with a β-[[ionone]] ring at one end and an α-[[ionone]] ring at the opposite end. It is the second most common form of [[carotene]]. ==Human physiology== In American and Chinese adults, the mean concentration of serum α-carotene was 4.71 µgμg/dL. Including 4.22 µgμg/dL among men and 5.31 µgμg/dL among women.<ref name=Li2010>{{cite journal\|vauthors=Li C, Ford ES, Zhao G, Balluz LS, Giles WH, Liu S \|title=Serum α-carotene concentrations and risk of death among US Adults: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Follow-up Study \|journal=Arch. Intern. Med. \|volume=171 \|issue=6 \|pages=507–15 \|date=March 2011 \|doi=10.1001/archinternmed.2010.440 \|pmid=21098341 \|~~lay-~~url=http://~~www~~archinte.~~medicalnewstoday~~ama-assn.~~com~~org/~~articles~~cgi/~~208965~~content/full/archinternmed.~~php \|laysource=Medical News Today \|laydate=22 November~~ 2010.440v1 \|~~deadurl=yes \|archiveurl~~archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129085914/http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/archinternmed.2010.440v1\|archive-date=November 29, 2010 \|doi-access=free}} * {{cite news \|vauthors=Nordqvist C\|date=November 22, 2010 \|title=Those With High Alpha-Carotene Blood Levels Live Much Longer \|work=Medical News Today \|url=http://~~archinte~~www.~~ama-assn~~medicalnewstoday.~~org~~com/~~cgi/content~~articles/~~full/archinternmed.2010~~208965.~~440v1\|archivedate=29 November 2010~~ php}}</ref><ref>[http://www.tuftshealthletter.com/ShowArticle.aspx?rowId=928 ''Alpha-carotene Linked to Lower Mortality Rates'' ] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513164242/http://www.tuftshealthletter.com/ShowArticle.aspx?RowID=928 \|date=~~2012-05-~~May 13, 2012 }}, Tufts Health and Nutrition Letter, March 2011</ref> ==Dietary sources== The following vegetables are rich in alpha-carotene:<ref name=Li2010/> * Yellow-orange vegetables : [[Carrot]]s (the main source for U.S. adults), [[~~Sweet~~sweet potato]]es, [[~~Pumpkin~~pumpkin]], [[~~Winter~~winter squash]] * Dark-green vegetables : [[Broccoli]], [[~~Green~~green bean]]s, [[~~Green~~green pea]]s, [[~~Spinach~~spinach]], [[~~Turnip~~turnip]] greens, [[~~Collards~~collards]], ~~Leaf~~leaf [[lettuce]], [[~~Avocado~~avocado]] ==Research== A 2018 meta-analysis found that both dietary and [[Blood test\|circulating]] α-carotene are associated with a lower risk of all-cause [[Mortality rate\|mortality]]. The highest circulating α-carotene category, compared to the lowest, correlated with a 32% reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality, while increased dietary α-carotene intake was linked to a 21% decrease in the risk of all-cause mortality.<ref name="pmid30239557">{{cite journal\| vauthors=Jayedi A, Rashidy-Pour A, Parohan M, Zargar MS, Shab-Bidar S\| title=Dietary Antioxidants, Circulating Antioxidant Concentrations, Total Antioxidant Capacity, and Risk of All-Cause Mortality: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Observational Studies. \| journal=Adv Nutr \| year= 2018 \| volume= 9 \| issue= 6 \| pages= 701–716 \| pmid=30239557 \| doi=10.1093/advances/nmy040 \| pmc=6247336 }} </ref> ==References== Line 67 ⟶ 75: [[Category:Tetraterpenes]] [[Category:Cyclohexenes]] [[Category:Vitamin A]]