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I had to edit this as it wasn't fully accurate, also given, this is a term used for an advertising method within a certain community, and the sources provided by the other editor of this page, was secular/ extreme modern news sites farly removed from the community who uses these means. therefore, their source is simply biased at best
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{{refimprove|date=January 2013}}
[[Image:Jerusalem Mea Shearim posters.jpg|thumb|250px| A [[Haredi Judaism|Hareidi Jew]] reading pashkevilim on a wall in [[Mea Shearim]]]]
[[Image:Nkcherem.jpg|thumb|right|200px| A pashkevil (2006) publicizing [[Neturei Karta]]'s condemnation of those who associate with the “enemies of the Jewish people.” It was posted in response to the attendance of some of its members at an [[International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust|Iranianan Iranian-convened conference]] dedicated to [[Holocaust denial]].]]
 
A '''pashkevil''' ({{lang-yi|פּאַשקעוויל}}; {{lang-he|פשקוויל}} pl. pashkevilim {{Script/Hebrew|פשקווילים}}) is a [[broadside (printing)|broadside]] or [[poster]] that has been situated on a public wall or location in an [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]] community, and most commonly within [[Hareidi]] enclaves.<ref name="Stadler2009">{{cite book|author=Nurit Stadler|title=Yeshiva Fundamentalism: Piety, Gender, and Resistance in the Ultra-Orthodox World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lh2gH6Rr_bkC&pg=PA100|date=1 January 2009|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-4114-6|pages=100–}}</ref><ref name="YosefHagin2013">{{cite book|author1=Raz Yosef|author2=Boaz Hagin|title=Deeper than Oblivion: Trauma and Memory in Israeli Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J1omsFmQ_aIC&pg=RA1-PT181|date=6 June 2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4411-9926-3|pages=1–}}</ref> Pashkevilim are sometimes distributed anonymously; however, many are posted with rabbinic endorsements or the name of an activist group appended to the bottom.
 
==Function==
Per [[Samuel Heilman]], the pashkevilim:
<blockquote>''...{{quote|[The pashkevilim] make clear what is virtuous or acceptable behavior and what is not. They serve as expressive media that show what those who prepare and post as well as those who allow the poster to be displayed (the latter by attending to its meaning and not removing or covering it) consider to be acceptable or worthy of notice… The informed observer can thus use such signs as a window through which to glimpse what is appropriate behavior as well as what is on the mind of the community, its interests and concerns.''<ref name="Heilman2006">{{cite book|author=Samuel C. Heilman|title=Sliding to the Right: The Contest for the Future of American Jewish Orthodoxy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=X7ld72vuLTkC&pg=PA212|year=2006|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-24763-5|pages=212–}}</ref></blockquote>}}
 
Given the unique sociological insight to be garnered from their study, the [[National Library of Israel|Israel's National Library]] has begun to acquire private collections of pashkevilim to be preserved in a special section available for academic research.<ref>[http{{cite web |title=Israel's National Library Acquires Largest Known Collection of Israeli Pashkvillim |url=https://www.vosizneiasvinnews.com/83889/2011/05/17/jerusalem-israel%E2e2%80%99s-national-library-acquires-largest-known-collection-of-israeli-pashkvillim/ VIN|website=VINnews News:|date=17 Israel’sMay National Library Acquires Largest Known Collection of Israeli Pashkvillim]2011}}</ref>
 
Pashkevilim are additionallymostly used to informprotest peoplevehemently whenagainst someonea passesperson awaythe writer disagrees with.
 
==Controversy==
The authority of pashkevilim can at times be subject to much dispute.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}} The medium is frequently used as an anonymous means of publicly attacking or undermining a person or group (which is sometimes in violation of the Jewish laws of [[loshonlashon horahara]]), though many other uses by official rabbinates or other open reliable organizations will use this method for whatever purpose. It is to be noted though, that at times, an anonymously written/signed Pashkevil can be falsely written under a forged signature/name.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}
 
==Etymology==
A column in the ''Jewish Daily Forward'' claims the word as a Yiddish term (''pashkevil'') borrowed from Polish ''paszkwil'', which itself came from the French ''pasquil'', from the Italian ''pasquinata'' (as does the English term "[[pasquinade]]" for a satire or lampoon).<ref>[http://www.forward.com/articles/7811/ On Language by Philologos: A Nude Who Inspired Modesty]. Jewish Daily Forward, August 01, 2003.</ref> The term has also been explained as a Yiddish word mean "protest or cry for help".<ref name="YosefHagin2013"/> The word made its way "from Yiddish into the Hebrew of the [[Old Yishuv|Old Ashkenazi Yishuv]] in Jerusalem."<ref>
 
==See also==
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*[[Pasquino]]
*[[Moshe Koppel]]
*[[Big-character poster]]
*[[Dazibao]]
 
==References==
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashkevil"