Pashkevil: Difference between revisions

[[Image:Jerusalem Mea Shearim posters.jpg|thumb|250px| A [[Haredi Judaism|Hareidi Jew]] reading pashkvilimpashkevilim on a wall in [[Mea Shearim]]]]

[[Image:Nkcherem.jpg|thumb|right|200px| A pashkvilpashkevil (2006) publicizing [[Neturei Karta]]'s condemnation of those who associate with the “enemies of the Jewish people.” It was posted in response to the attendance of some of its members at an [[International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust|Iranianan Iranian-convened conference]] dedicated to [[Holocaust denial]].]]

A '''pashkvilpashkevil''' ({{lang-yi|פּאַשקעוויל}}; {{lang-he|פשקוויל}} pl. pashkvilimpashkevilim {{Script/Hebrew|פשקווילים}}) is a [[broadside (printing)|broadside]] or [[poster]] that has been situated on a public wall or location in an [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]] community, and most commonly within [[Hareidi]] enclaves.<ref name="Stadler2009">{{citationcite neededbook|author=Nurit Stadler|title=Yeshiva Fundamentalism: Piety, Gender, and Resistance in the Ultra-Orthodox World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lh2gH6Rr_bkC&pg=PA100|date=1 January 20132009|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-4114-6|pages=100–}}</ref><ref name="YosefHagin2013">{{cite book|author1=Raz Yosef|author2=Boaz Hagin|title=Deeper than Oblivion: Trauma and Memory in Israeli Cinema|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J1omsFmQ_aIC&pg=RA1-PT181|date=6 June 2013|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4411-9926-3|pages=1–}}</ref> PashkvilimPashkevilim are sometimes distributed anonymously; however, many are posted with rabbinic endorsements or the name of an activist group appended to the bottom{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}.

{{quote|[The pashkvilimpashkevilim] “makemake clear what is virtuous or acceptable behavior and what is not{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}. They serve as expressive media that show what those who prepare and post as well as those who allow the poster to be displayed (the latter by attending to its meaning and not removing or covering it) consider to be acceptable or worthy of notice… The informed observer can thus use such signs as a window through which to glimpse what is appropriate behavior as well as what is on the mind of the community, its interests and concerns.”<ref name="Heilman2006">{{citationcite neededbook|dateauthor=JanuarySamuel 2013}}C. Given the unique sociological insightHeilman|title=Sliding to bethe garneredRight: fromThe theirContest study,for [[Nationalthe LibraryFuture of Israel|Israel'sAmerican NationalJewish Library]] has begun to acquire private collections of pashkvilim to be preserved in a special section available for academic research.<ref>[httpOrthodoxy|url=https://wwwbooks.vosizneiasgoogle.com/83889/2011/05/17/jerusalembooks?id=X7ld72vuLTkC&pg=PA212|year=2006|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-israel%E2%80%99s0-national520-library24763-acquires-largest-known-collection-of-israeli-pashkvillim VIN News: Israel’s National Library Acquires Largest Known Collection of Israeli Pashkvillim]5|pages=212–}}</ref>}}

The authority of pashkvilimpashkevilim iscan at times be subject to much dispute.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}. The medium is frequently used as an anonymous means of publicly attacking or undermining a person or group (which is sometimes in violation of the Jewish laws of [[loshonlashon horahara]]), andthough evenmany thoseother uses by official rabbinates or other open reliable organizations will use this method for whatever purpose. It is to be noted though, that bearat thetimes, namesan ofanonymously leadingwritten/signed RabbisPashkevil arecan oftenbe fraudulentfalsely written under a forged signature/name.{{citation needed|date=January 2013}}.

“TheA Yiddishcolumn wordin pashkvilthe was''Jewish borrowedDaily fromForward'' claims the Polishword paszkwilas (meaninga ''libel'',Yiddish ''pamphlet'',term (''lampoonpashkevil''), which comesborrowed from the French pasquil orPolish pasquille''paszkwil'', which goesitself backcame tofrom the French pasquin''pasquil'', which derives from the Italian ''pasquinata'' (whenceas does the English “pasquinade,”term "[[pasquinade]]" for a satire or lampoon);” .<ref>[http://www.forward.com/articles/7811/ Jewish Daily Forward: On Language by Philologos: A Nude Who Inspired Modesty]. Jewish Daily Forward, August 01, 2003.</ref> seeThe term has also been explained as a Yiddish word mean "protest or cry for help".<ref name="YosefHagin2013"/> The word made its way "from Yiddish into the Hebrew of the [[PasquinoOld Yishuv|Old Ashkenazi Yishuv]]. in Jerusalem."