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Line 3: \| Watchedfields = changed \| verifiedrevid = 439270934 \| ImageFile = Trans-Zeatin Structural Formula V.~~png~~1.svg \| ImageSize = 150px \| IUPACName = (''E'')-2-methyl-4-(7''H''-purin-6-ylamino)but-2-en-1-ol \| OtherNames = \|Section1= {{Chembox Identifiers \| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite\|correct\|CAS}} \| CASNo = 1637-39-4 \| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite\|correct\|FDA}} ~~\| PubChem=449093~~ \| UNII = 7I6OOJ9GR6 \| SMILES=CC(=CCNC1=NC =NC2=C1NC=N2)CO▼ \| PubChem = 449093 ▲\| SMILES =CC C/C(=~~CCNC1~~C\CNC1=NC =NC2=C1NC=N2)/CO \| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite\|changed\|chemspider}} \| ChemSpiderID = 395716 \| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite\|changed\|EBI}} \| InChI = 1/C10H13N5O/c1-7(4-16)2-3-11-9-8-10(13-5-12-8)15-6-14-9/h2,5-6,16H,3-4H2,1H3,(H2,11,12,13,14,15)/b7-2+▼ \| ChEBI = 16522 \| InChIKey = UZKQTCBAMSWPJD-FARCUNLSBM▼ ▲\| InChI = 1/C10H13N5O/c1-7(4-16)2-3-11-9-8-10(13-5-12-8)15-6-14-9/h2,5-6,16H,3-4H2,1H3,(H2,11,12,13,14,15)/b7-2+ \| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite\|changed\|chemspider}}▼ ▲\| InChIKey = UZKQTCBAMSWPJD-FARCUNLSBM ▲\| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite\|changed\|chemspider}} \| StdInChI = 1S/C10H13N5O/c1-7(4-16)2-3-11-9-8-10(13-5-12-8)15-6-14-9/h2,5-6,16H,3-4H2,1H3,(H2,11,12,13,14,15)/b7-2+ \| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite\|changed\|chemspider}} \| StdInChIKey = UZKQTCBAMSWPJD-FARCUNLSSA-N }} \|Section2= {{Chembox Properties \| C=10 \| H=13 \| N=5 \| O=1 \| Appearance = Off-white to yellow crystalline powder \| Density = \| MeltingPtC = 208 to 210 ~~\| MeltingPt=208−210 °C~~ \| MeltingPt_notes = ~~\| BoilingPt=~~ \| BoilingPt = \| SolubleOther = Soluble \| Solvent = 1M [[sodium hydroxide\|NaOH]] }} \|Section3= {{Chembox Hazards \| MainHazards = \| FlashPt = \| AutoignitionPt = ~~\| Autoignition=~~ \| LD50 = 2200 mg/kg (mouse, transperitoneal) }} }} '''Zeatin''' is a [[~~plant hormone~~cytokinin]] derived from ~~the [[purine]]base called~~ [[adenine]]., which ~~Zeatin~~occurs ~~belongs to~~in the ~~family~~form of ~~plant~~a ''cis''-~~growth~~ ~~hormones~~and ~~called~~a ''trans''-[[~~cytokinin~~isomer]]s and conjugates. Zeatin was discovered in immature corn kernels from the genus ''[[Zea (~~genus~~plant)\|Zea]]''. It promotes growth of lateral buds and when sprayed on [[meristem]]s stimulates cell division to produce bushier plants.{{cncitation needed\|date=September 2012}} == Occurrence == ~~Zeatin and its derivatives are the active ingredient in [[coconut milk]], which causes plant growth.<ref>{{cite book\|~~ Zeatin and its derivatives occur in many [[plant extract]]s and are the active ingredient in [[coconut milk]], which causes plant growth.<ref>{{cite book \| title=Cytokinins: Chemistry, Activity, and Function\|author1=David W. S. Mok \|author2=Machteld C. Mok \| page=8 \| publisher=CRC Press \| isbn=0-8493-6252-0 \| year=1994}}</ref> ~~title=Cytokinins: Chemistry, Activity, and Function\|~~ ~~author=David W. S. Mok, Machteld C. Mok\|~~ ~~page=8\|~~ ~~publisher=CRC Press\|~~ ~~isbn=0-8493-6252-0\|~~ ~~year=1994}} [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yov7iUL7OTAC&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=coconut+milk+kinetin&source=web&ots=0ax4iMHxuj&sig=uGWqUnvbkFJWQqEEPblErEqwFEM&hl=en (available from Google books)]</ref>~~ [[6-(γ,γ-Dimethylallylamino)purine]] is a zeatin precursor.<ref>{{cite web \| title=6-(γ,γ-Dimethylallylamino)purine BioReagent, suitable for plant cell culture, 1 mg/mL \| website=MilliporeSigma \| United States \| url=http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/ \| access-date=2021-10-12}}</ref> Zeatin has several anti-aging effects on human skin fibroblasts.<ref>{{cite journal\|author=Rattan, S.I.S. and Sodagam, L. \|title=Gerontomodulatory and youth-preserving effects of zeatin on fibroblasts of human skin. \|journal=Rejuvenation Research \|volume=8 \|pages=46–57 \|year=2005\|doi=10.1089/rej.2005.8.46\|pmid=15798374\|issue=1}}</ref> == Application ==▼ Zeatin has a variety of effects including: ~~==Toxicology==~~ ~~The acute transperitoneal toxicity in mice ({{LD50}}) is 2200 mg/kg.~~ ▲==Application== ~~{{clarify-section\|date=September 2012}}~~ # Promotes callus initiation when combined with auxin, concentration 1 ppm. # Promotes fruit set. Zeatin 100 ppm + GA3 500 ppm + NAA 20 ppm, sprayed at 10th, 25th, 40th day after blossom. Line 62 ⟶ 57: # Causes auxiliary stems to grow and flower. ItZeatin can also be applied to stimulate seed germination and seedling growth. Zeatin has also been shown to promote the resistance of [[tobacco]] against the bacterial [[pathogen]] ''[[Pseudomonas syringae]]'', in which ''trans''-zeatin has a more prominent effect than ''cis''-zeatin.<ref>{{cite journal\|author1= Großkinsky, D.K. \|author2=Edelsbrunner, K. \|author3=Pfeifhofer, H. \|author4=van der Graaff, E. \|author5=Roitsch, T. \|name-list-style=amp \|title= Cis- and trans-zeatin differentially modulate plant immunity. \|journal= Plant Signaling & Behavior \|volume=8 \|year=2013\|doi=10.4161/psb.24798\|pmid=23656869\|issue=7\|pages=e24798 \|pmc=3906432 \|bibcode=2013PlSiB...8E4798G }}</ref> The two isomers of Zeatin are found to have different effects biologically, as trans-zeatin is found to be bioactive while cis-zeatin has a weak impact. This distinct bioactivity is not a result of difference in uptake and accumulation of trans-Zeatin as opposed to cis-Zeatin.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Gajdošová \|first1=Silvia \|last2=Spíchal \|first2=Lukáš \|last3=Kamínek \|first3=Miroslav \|last4=Hoyerová \|first4=Klára \|last5=Novák \|first5=Ondřej \|last6=Dobrev \|first6=Petre I. \|last7=Galuszka \|first7=Petr \|last8=Klíma \|first8=Petr \|last9=Gaudinová \|first9=Alena \|last10=Žižková \|first10=Eva \|last11=Hanuš \|first11=Jan \|last12=Dančák \|first12=Martin \|last13=Trávníček \|first13=Bohumil \|last14=Pešek \|first14=Bedřich \|last15=Krupička \|first15=Martin \|date=May 2011 \|title=Distribution, biological activities, metabolism, and the conceivable function of cis-zeatin-type cytokinins in plants \|url=https://academic.oup.com/jxb/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/jxb/erq457 \|journal=Journal of Experimental Botany \|language=en \|volume=62 \|issue=8 \|pages=2827–2840 \|doi=10.1093/jxb/erq457 \|pmid=21282330 \|issn=1460-2431 \|access-date=December 7, 2023}}</ref> In the tobacco callus bioassay, cis-Zeatin was found to be less active than trans-Zeatin. There is no evidence of cis↔trans isomerization in plant tissues.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Jameson \|first=Paula Elizabeth \|date=2023-05-02 \|title=Zeatin: The 60th anniversary of its identification \|url=https://academic.oup.com/plphys/article/192/1/34/7039312 \|journal=Plant Physiology \|language=en \|volume=192 \|issue=1 \|pages=34–55 \|doi=10.1093/plphys/kiad094 \|issn=0032-0889 \|pmc=10152681 \|pmid=36789623}}</ref> == References == Line 68 ⟶ 67: == External links == * [http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Cytokinins.html Cytokinins] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060217212642/http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/C/Cytokinins.html \|date=2006-02-17 }} [[Category:Cytokinins]] [[Category:Purines]] [[Category:Aging-related substances in plants]] [[Category:Plant growth regulators]]