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{{short description|Distinctive facial appearance associated with a medical condition}}
{{SignSymptom infobox |
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
Name = Facies (medical) |▼
| name Image = |Facies
| Captionsynonyms = |
| image = File:Patient with Crouzon syndrome (1912).jpg
DiseasesDB = 18724 |▼
| caption = Facial abnormalities associated with [[Crouzon syndrome]]
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| ICDOfield = |[[Medical genetics]]
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In medical contexts, a '''facies''' is a distinctive facial expression or appearance associated with a specific [[medical condition]].<ref name="M-W">{{cite web |title=Definition of FACIES |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/facies |website=www.merriam-webster.com |access-date=4 February 2021 |language=en}}</ref> The term comes from [[Latin]] for "face".<ref name="urlDorlands Medical Dictionary:facies">{{cite web |url=http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/three/000038177.htm |title=Dorlands Medical Dictionary:facies |accessdate=}}</ref> As a [[Latin declension#Fifth declension .28e.29|fifth declension]] noun,<ref name="urlNOUNS OF THE FOURTH DECLENSION">{{cite web|url=http://webpages.ursinus.edu/classics/latin/nouns_fourthfifthdecl_forms.htm |title=NOUNS OF THE FOURTH DECLENSION |access-date= |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720065425/http://webpages.ursinus.edu/classics/Latin/nouns_fourthfifthdecl_forms.htm |archive-date=2008-07-20 |df= }}</ref> ''facies'' can be both singular and plural.
In medical contexts, '''facies''' are distinctive facial expressions associated with specific [[medical condition]]s.
 
It comes from the Latin word for "face".<ref name="urlDorlands Medical Dictionary:facies">{{cite web |url=http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/three/000038177.htm |title=Dorlands Medical Dictionary:facies |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
 
As a [[Latin_declension#Fifth_declension_.28e.29|fifth declension]] noun,<ref name="urlNOUNS OF THE FOURTH DECLENSION">{{cite web |url=http://webpages.ursinus.edu/classics/latin/nouns_fourthfifthdecl_forms.htm |title=NOUNS OF THE FOURTH DECLENSION |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> "facies" can refer to the singular or plural.
 
==Types==
Examples include:
* [[Hippocratic facefacies]] (also known as "Hippocratic facies";– eyes are sunken, temples collapsed, nose is pinched with crusts on the lips, and the forehead is clammy)
* [[moonMoon face]] (also known as "Cushingoid facies") – [[Cushing's syndrome]]
* [[elfinElfin facies]] -– william's[[Williams syndrome]], [[Donohue syndrome]]
* [[Potter sequence|Potter facies]] -– [[oligohydramnios]]
* [mask[Mask like facies]] -– [[parkinsonism]]
* [[Leonine facies]] – [[lepromatous leprosy]] or [[craniometaphyseal dysplasia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/craniometaphyseal-dysplasia/|title=Craniometaphyseal Dysplasia - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)|publisher=}}</ref>
* [[Leonine facies]] - leprosy
* [[Mitral facies]] -– [[mitral stenosis ]]
* [[Amiodarone facies]] (deep blue discoloration around malar area and nose)
* [[Acromegalic facies]] -– [[acromegaly]]
* [[mongoloidFlat facies]] -– down's[[Down syndrome]]
* [[Marfanoid facies]] -– marfan[[Marfan's syndrome]]
* [[snarlingSnarling facies]] -– [[myasthenia gravis]]
* [[Myotonic facies]] -– [[myotonic dystrophy ]]
* [[torpidTorpid facies]] -– [[myxoedema]]
* [[PageticMouse facies]] – [[chronic kidney failure]]
* [[mousePlethoric facies]] -– chronic[[Cushing's renalsyndrome]] failureand [[polycythemia vera]]
* [[Bird facies]] – [[Pierre Robin syndrome|Pierre Robin sequence]]
* [[Thyrotoxic facies]]
ashen* [[Ashen grey facies]] -– [[myocardial infarction]]▼
* [[Turner's syndrome]] ▼
* [[UraemicGargoyle facies]] – [[Hurler's syndrome]]
* [[VirileMonkey facies]] – [[marasmus]]
* [[plethoricHatchet facies]] -– cushing's[[myotonia syndrome and polycythemia veraatrophica]]
* [['birdGorilla-like' faciesface]]- pierre robin– sequenceacromegaly
* [[Bovine facies]] (or cow face) – [[craniofacial dysostosis]] or [[Crouzon syndrome]]
* [[Marshall halls facies]] – [[hydrocephalus]]
* [[Frog face]] – intranasal disease
* [[Coarse facies]] – many inborn errors of metabolism
* [[Adenoid facies]] – developmental facial traits caused by adenoid hypertrophy, nasal airway obstruction and [[mouthbreathing]]; really a form of [[long face syndrome]].
* [[Lion-like facies]] – involvement of craniofacial bones in Paget disease of Bone
* [[Chipmunk facies]] – [[beta thalassemia]]
* [[Treacher Collins syndrome]] – deformities of the ears, eyes, cheekbones, and chin
 
== Other disorders associated with syndromic facies ==
▲ashen grey facies - myocardial infarction
{{Incomplete list|date=March 2020}}
gargoyle facies - hurler's syndrome
 
▲* [[Turner'sPitt–Hopkins syndrome]]
* [[Beta thalassemia]] is associated with distinctive facial features due to ineffective erythropoiesis. The ineffective erythropoiesis causes marrow hyperplasia or expansion and bony changes, including the bones of the face; this causes craniofacial protrusions.<ref name="Taher">{{cite journal |last1=Taher |first1=Ali T. |last2=Musallam |first2=Khaled M. |last3=Cappellini |first3=M. Domenica |title=β-Thalassemias |journal=New England Journal of Medicine |date=25 February 2021 |volume=384 |issue=8 |pages=727–743 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra2021838}}</ref>
* [[Mowat–Wilson syndrome]]
* [[Snijders Blok–Campeau syndrome]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics |url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/snijders-blok-campeau-syndrome/ |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=medlineplus.gov |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome (Concept Id: C4748701) - MedGen - NCBI |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/1648495 |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}</ref>
 
==See also==
* [[Body habitus]]
 
==References==
{{reflistReflist}}
 
== External links ==
{{Medical resources
▲| DiseasesDB = 18724 |
▲| ICD10 = |
▲| Name ICD9 = Facies (medical) |
| ICDO =
| OMIM =
| MedlinePlus =
▲| eMedicineSubj = |
▲| eMedicineTopic = |
| MeshID =
}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121221115525/http://www.imnotebook.com/content/face Face in Clinical Medicine]
* [[wikt:facies]]
 
[[Category:Medical signs]]
 
{{medicine-stub}}
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