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Line 1: {{short description\|Distinctive facial appearance associated with a medical condition}} ~~{{Infobox symptom \|~~ {{Infobox medical condition (new) \| name ~~Name~~ = Facies ~~(medical) \|~~ Image = File:Patient with Crouzon syndrome (1912).jpg \|▼ \| synonyms = Caption = Facial abnormalities associated with Crouzon syndrome \|▼ ▲\| image ~~Image~~ = File:Patient with Crouzon syndrome (1912).jpg \| DiseasesDB = 18724 \|▼ ▲\| caption ~~Caption~~ = Facial abnormalities associated with [[Crouzon syndrome]] \| ICD10 = \|▼ \| pronounce ~~ICD9~~ = ~~= \|~~ \| ~~ICDO~~field = \|[[Medical genetics]] \| ~~OMIM~~ symptoms = \| \| ~~MedlinePlus~~ complications = \| \| onset = eMedicineSubj = \|▼ \| duration = eMedicineTopic = \|▼ \| types ~~MeshID~~ = \| \| causes = \| risks = \| diagnosis = \| differential = \| prevention = \| treatment = \| medication = \| prognosis = \| frequency = \| deaths = }} In medical contexts, a '''facies''' is a distinctive facial expression or appearance associated with a specific [[medical condition]].<ref name="M-W">{{cite web \|title=Definition of FACIES \|url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/facies \|website=www.merriam-webster.com \|access-date=4 February 2021 \|language=en}}</ref> The term comes from [[Latin]] for "face".<ref name="urlDorlands Medical Dictionary:facies">{{cite web \|url=http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/three/000038177.htm \|title=Dorlands Medical Dictionary:facies \|accessdate=}}</ref> As a [[Latin declension#Fifth declension .28e.29\|fifth declension]] noun,<ref name="urlNOUNS OF THE FOURTH DECLENSION">{{cite web\|url=http://webpages.ursinus.edu/classics/latin/nouns_fourthfifthdecl_forms.htm \|title=NOUNS OF THE FOURTH DECLENSION \|access-date= \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720065425/http://webpages.ursinus.edu/classics/Latin/nouns_fourthfifthdecl_forms.htm \|archive-date=2008-07-20 \|df= }}</ref> ''facies'' can be both singular and plural. ~~In medical contexts, a '''facies''' is a distinctive facial expression or appearance associated with specific [[medical condition]]s.~~ It comes from the Latin word for "face".<ref name="urlDorlands Medical Dictionary:facies">{{cite web \|url=http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands_split.jsp?pg=/ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/three/000038177.htm \|title=Dorlands Medical Dictionary:facies \|work= \|accessdate=}}</ref> As a [[Latin_declension#Fifth_declension_.28e.29\|fifth declension]] noun,<ref name="urlNOUNS OF THE FOURTH DECLENSION">{{cite web\|url=http://webpages.ursinus.edu/classics/latin/nouns_fourthfifthdecl_forms.htm \|title=NOUNS OF THE FOURTH DECLENSION \|work= \|accessdate= \|deadurl=yes \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720065425/http://webpages.ursinus.edu/classics/Latin/nouns_fourthfifthdecl_forms.htm \|archivedate=2008-07-20 \|df= }}</ref> "facies" can be both singular and plural. ==Types== Examples include: * [[Hippocratic ~~face~~facies]] ~~(also known as "Hippocratic facies";~~– eyes are sunken, temples collapsed, nose is pinched with crusts on the lips, and the forehead is clammy) * [[~~moon~~Moon face]] (also known as "Cushingoid facies") – [[Cushing's syndrome]] * [[~~elfin~~Elfin facies]] -– [[Williams syndrome]], [[Donohue syndrome]] * [[Potter sequence\|Potter facies]] -– [[oligohydramnios]] * [[~~mask~~Mask like facies]] -– [[parkinsonism]] * [[Leonine facies]] -– [[lepromatous leprosy]] or [[craniometaphyseal dysplasia]]<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/craniometaphyseal-dysplasia/\|title=Craniometaphyseal Dysplasia - NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)\|publisher=}}</ref> * [[Mitral facies]] -– [[mitral stenosis]] * [[Amiodarone facies]] (deep blue discoloration around malar area and nose) * [[Acromegalic facies]] -– [[acromegaly]] * [[~~flat~~Flat facies]] -– [[Down's syndrome]] * [[Marfanoid facies]] -– [[Marfan's syndrome]] * [[~~snarling~~Snarling facies]] -– [[myasthenia gravis]] * [[Myotonic facies]] -– [[myotonic dystrophy]] * [[~~torpid~~Torpid facies]] -– [[myxoedema]] * [[~~mouse~~Mouse facies]] -– [[chronic ~~renal~~kidney failure]] * [[~~plethoric~~Plethoric facies]] -– [[Cushing's syndrome]] and [[polycythemia vera]] * [[~~'bird-like'~~Bird facies]]- – [[Pierre Robin syndrome\|Pierre Robin sequence]] * [[~~ashen~~Ashen grey facies]] -– [[myocardial infarction]] * [[~~gargoyle~~Gargoyle facies]] -– [[Hurler's syndrome]] * [[~~monkey~~Monkey facies]] -– [[marasmus]] * [[~~hatchet~~Hatchet facies]] -– [[myotonia atrophica]] * [[~~gorilla~~Gorilla-like face]] -– acromegaly * [[~~bovine~~Bovine facies]] (or cow face]]) -– [[craniofacial dysostosis]] or [[~~crouzon~~Crouzon syndrome]] * [[~~marshall~~Marshall halls facies]] -– [[hydrocephalus]] * [[~~frog~~Frog face]] -– intranasal disease * [[Coarse facies]] -– many inborn errors of metabolism * [[Adenoid facies]] -– developmental facial traits caused by adenoid hypertrophy, nasal airway obstruction and [[mouthbreathing]]; really a form of [[long face syndrome]]. * [[Lion-like facies]] -– involvement of craniofacial bones in Paget disease of Bone * [[Chipmunk facies]] – [[beta thalassemia]] * [[Treacher Collins syndrome]] – deformities of the ears, eyes, cheekbones, and chin == ~~Disorders~~Other disorders associated with syndromic facies ==▼ {{Incomplete list\|date=March 2020}} ▲== Disorders associated with syndromic facies == * [[Pitt–Hopkins syndrome]] * [[Beta thalassemia]] is associated with distinctive facial features due to ineffective erythropoiesis. The ineffective erythropoiesis causes marrow hyperplasia or expansion and bony changes, including the bones of the face; this causes craniofacial protrusions.<ref name="Taher">{{cite journal \|last1=Taher \|first1=Ali T. \|last2=Musallam \|first2=Khaled M. \|last3=Cappellini \|first3=M. Domenica \|title=β-Thalassemias \|journal=New England Journal of Medicine \|date=25 February 2021 \|volume=384 \|issue=8 \|pages=727–743 \|doi=10.1056/NEJMra2021838}}</ref> * [[Mowat–Wilson syndrome]] * [[Snijders Blok–Campeau syndrome]]<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome: MedlinePlus Genetics \|url=https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/snijders-blok-campeau-syndrome/ \|access-date=2022-07-20 \|website=medlineplus.gov \|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \|title=Snijders Blok-Campeau syndrome (Concept Id: C4748701) - MedGen - NCBI \|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/1648495 \|access-date=2022-07-20 \|website=www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov \|language=en}}</ref> ~~==References==~~ ~~{{reflist}}~~ ==See also== * [[Body habitus]] ==~~External links~~References== {{Reflist}} * [http://www.imnotebook.com/content/face Face in Clinical Medicine]▼ == External links == {{Medical resources ▲\| DiseasesDB = 18724 \| ▲\| ICD10 = \| \| ICD9 = \| ICDO = \| OMIM = \| MedlinePlus = ▲\| eMedicineSubj = \| ▲\| eMedicineTopic = \| \| MeshID = }} ▲* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121221115525/http://www.imnotebook.com/content/face Face in Clinical Medicine] * [[wikt:facies]]