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{{short description|Upland area in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{EngvarB|date=March 2020}}
{{about|the upland region in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland}}
'''Knockmore''' ({{deriveetymology|Irishga|Cnoc Mór|big hill}}) is an upland area and [[townland]] situated outsidein the[[County village ofFermanagh]], [[DerrygonnellyNorthern Ireland]] inoutside Souththe Westvillage of [[County Fermanagh|FermanaghDerrygonnelly]], in the historical Baronybarony of [[Magheraboy]]. This area, together with the adjacent Barrs of Boho and most of the adjacentuplands in [[Boho, County Fermanagh|Boho parish]], isare described as the Knockmore Scarplands.<ref name=NIEA-knockmore>{{cite web |title=The Knockmore Scarpland Landscape |publisher=Northern Ireland Environment Agency |accessdateaccess-date=2009-05-04|url= http://www.ni-environmentdoeni.gov.uk/niea/land-home/landscape_home/country_landscape/6/6-landthe_knockmore_scarpland_landscape.htm}}</ref> The focal point of the area is Knockmore summit at {{convert|277|m|ft}}.
 
TheThis area is considerednotable tofor beits importantflora inand environmentalgeology termswhich becauseis itprotected containsunder severalan [[Area of Special Scientific Interest|areas of special scientific interest]] (ASSI) designation, namely the West Fermanagh Scarplands ASSI and West Fermanagh Scarplands [[Special Area of Conservation]] (SAC).<ref name=NIEA-knockmore /> There are also a number of sites of archaeological significance, which have been recorded since the late 19th century.<ref name=plunkett>{{cite journal| last=Plunkett| first=Thomas| title=Report of the committee appointed to Explore the Fermanagh Caves| journal=Report of the 48th Meeting of the [[British Association for the Advancement of Science]], Dublin, 1878| location=London| publisher=Murray, John| year=1879| pages=183–185| url=https://archive.org/stream/reportofbritisha79brit#page/182/mode/2up/search/cave| access-date=2011-01-24}}</ref>
 
== Geology ==
The Knockmore area is known for its dramatic cliffs. andIt ruggedalso terrain.gives Theits nativename rockto hasa the honourtype of beinglimestone described namedas Knockmore Limestone; <ref name=NIEA-knockmore/> which contains a number of caves and cave systems have developed within this band of rock.<ref name="habitas.org.uk">{{cite web |title=Knockmore–Pollaraftra; Lettered Cave – Summary |work=Earth Science Conservation Review |publisher=[[National Museums Northern Ireland]] |url=http://www.habitas.org.uk/escr/summary.asp?item=416 |accessdateaccess-date=2010-10-04}}</ref>
 
== Flora and fauna ==
The flora and fauna in this area are largely as a result of the underlying limestone (Knockmore) and sandstone geology, consisting of upland heath mixed with [[calcareous grassland]].<ref name=NIEA-knockmore/> The area is especially noted for the appearance of Irish eyebright, ({{lang|la|[[Euphrasia]] salisburgensis}}), which is considered a priority species in Northern Ireland.<ref>{{cite web |title= Irish Eyebright |publisher=National Museums Northern Ireland , NIEA |accessdateaccess-date=2009-05-04|url= http://www.habitas.org.uk/priority/species.asp?item=14729}}</ref>
 
== History ==
There is a mention in old tales of a castle belonging to the Flannagan Clan which was located on Knockmore.<ref name=boho-heritage>{{cite book |title=Boho Heritage: A treasure trove of history and lore |author=Boho Heritage Organisation |publisher=Nicholson & Bass Ltd |location=Mallusk, Northern Ireland |editorseditor=Edel Bannon, |editor2=Louise Mclaughlin, |editor3=Cecilia Flanagan |year=2009 |isbn=978-0-9560607-0-9 |page=49}}</ref>
 
The[[File:Wakeman-gillies-hole-inscriptions.jpg|thumb|Celtic mostinscriptions significantin ofGillie's these is Lettered Cave (or Inscribed Cave)Hole, situatedas 50&nbsp;millustrated fromby KnockmoreWakeman summit, which is partially man-made(1870).<ref name=wakeman-1870a>{{cite journal| last=Wakeman| first=W. F.| title=On the cavecavern ofcalled 'Gillie's Hole' at Knockmore, Co. Fermanagh| journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy]]| volume=X| location=Dublin| publisher=Gill, M. H.| year=1870| pages=229–232395–397| url=httphttps://www.archive.org/stream/proceedingsroya01acadgoog#page/n280n444/mode/2up/search/cave| accessdateaccess-date=2011-01-24}}</ref>|alt=Illustration of celtic inscriptions, mainly of square weave variety]]▼
 
=== Cave archaeology ===
The summit of Knockmore contains at least 15 small caves which have been the subject of archeological visits since the late 19th century.<ref name=plunkett /> The most significant of these is "Lettered Cave" (or Inscribed Cave), situated 50&nbsp;m from Knockmore summit, which is partially man-made.<ref name=wakeman-1870b>{{cite journal| last=PlunkettWakeman| first=ThomasW. F.| title=Report ofOn the committeecave appointedof toKnockmore, Explore theCo. Fermanagh Caves| journal=Report of the 48th Meeting of the [[BritishProceedings Association forof the AdvancementRoyal ofIrish ScienceAcademy]], Dublin, 1878| volume=X| location=LondonDublin| publisher=MurrayGill, JohnM. H.| year=18791870| pages=183–185229–232| url=httphttps://www.archive.org/stream/reportofbritisha79britproceedingsroya01acadgoog#page/182n280/mode/2up/search/cave| accessdateaccess-date=2011-01-24}}</ref>
The cave is named for the art and writing of varying age inscribed on the walls, ranging from early [[Celts|celtic]] and [[Christianity|Christian]] designs to simple marking of names and dates. It was investigated by William Wakeman (1866–70)<ref>{{cite journal| lastname=Wakeman|wakeman-1870b first=W. F.| title=The Cave On Knockmore, Near Derrygonelly, Co. Fermanagh; With Remarks On the Character of the Primitive Scorings And Early Christian Symbols Inscribed Upon Its Sides. With 1 Plate| journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy]]| series=1| volume=X| pages=229–232| year=1866-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last=Wakeman| first=William F.| title=Hand-Book of Irish Antiquities, Pagan and Christian; especially of such as are of easy access from the Irish Metropolis| pages|=35–39| year=1891| edition=2nd| publisher=Hodges, Figgis and Co| location=Dublin| url=http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/william-f-william-frederick-wakeman/a-hand-book-of-irish-antiquities-pagan-and-christian-eka/page-3-a-hand-book-of-irish-antiquities-pagan-and-christian-eka.shtml}}</ref><ref>Burns, G. et al (ed.) (1997), p.22</ref> and Thomas Plunkett (1870, 1878 and 1898)<ref name=plunkett /><ref>Burns, G. et al (ed.) (1997), p.16</ref> and is now a scheduled ancient monument.▼
▲The most significant of these is Lettered Cave (or Inscribed Cave), situated 50&nbsp;m from Knockmore summit, which is partially man-made.<ref>{{cite journal| last=Wakeman| first=W. F.| title=On the cave of Knockmore, Co. Fermanagh| journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy]]| volume=X| location=Dublin| publisher=Gill, M. H.| year=1870| pages=229–232| url=http://www.archive.org/stream/proceedingsroya01acadgoog#page/n280/mode/2up/search/cave| accessdate=2011-01-24}}</ref>
and Thomas Plunkett (1870, 1878 and 1898)<ref name=plunkett /><ref>Burns, G. et al (ed.) (1997), p.16</ref>
▲The cave is named for the art and writing of varying age inscribed on the walls, ranging from early [[Celts|celtic]] and [[Christianity|Christian]] designs to simple marking of names and dates. It was investigated by William Wakeman (1866–70)<ref>{{cite journal| last=Wakeman| first=W. F.| title=The Cave On Knockmore, Near Derrygonelly, Co. Fermanagh; With Remarks On the Character of the Primitive Scorings And Early Christian Symbols Inscribed Upon Its Sides. With 1 Plate| journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy]]| series=1| volume=X| pages=229–232| year=1866-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite book| last=Wakeman| first=William F.| title=Hand-Book of Irish Antiquities, Pagan and Christian; especially of such as are of easy access from the Irish Metropolis| pages|35–39| year=1891| edition=2nd| publisher=Hodges, Figgis and Co| location=Dublin| url=http://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/william-f-william-frederick-wakeman/a-hand-book-of-irish-antiquities-pagan-and-christian-eka/page-3-a-hand-book-of-irish-antiquities-pagan-and-christian-eka.shtml}}</ref><ref>Burns, G. et al (ed.) (1997), p.22</ref> and Thomas Plunkett (1870, 1878 and 1898)<ref name=plunkett /><ref>Burns, G. et al (ed.) (1997), p.16</ref> and is now a scheduled ancient monument.
and is now a scheduled ancient monument.<ref name="habitas.org.uk"/>
 
Among the other caves studied on Knockmore is Gillie's Hole, located part-way up the southern cliff face of the summit.<ref name=wakeman-1870>{{cite1870a journal| last=Wakeman| first=W. F.| title=On the cavern called 'Gillie's Hole' at Knockmore, Co. Fermanagh| journal=[[Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy]]| volume=X| location=Dublin| publisher=Gill, M. H.| year=1870| pages=395–397| url=http://www.archive.org/stream/proceedingsroya01acadgoog#page/n444/mode/2up/search/cave| accessdate=2011-01-24}}</ref> Named for its 18th-century occupants, reportedly a young couple ostracised by their families, the cave was discovered by Wakeman (1870) to contain further inscriptions of ancient celtic origin.<ref name=wakeman-18701870a />
 
== See also ==
* [[Category:TownlandsList of townlands in County Fermanagh]]▼
* [[List of archaeological sites in County Fermanagh]]
* [[Caves of the Tullybrack and Belmore hills]]
 
== Notes ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
== References ==
* {{Cite book |last1=Jones |first1=Gareth Ll. |last2=Burns |first2=Gaby |last3=Fogg |first3=Tim |last4=Kelly |first4=John |title=The Caves of Fermanagh and Cavan (2nd Ed.) |publisher=Lough Nilly Press |year=1997 |isbn=0-9531602-0-3 |postscript=.}}
 
== Further reading ==
* {{cite book| last=Wakeman| first=W. F.| title=Lough Erne, Enniskillen, Belleek, Ballyshannon, and Bundoran: with Routes from Dublin to Enniskillen and Bundoran, by Rail or Steamboat|publisher=John Mullany| location=Dublin| year=1870| url=httphttps://www.archive.org/stream/lougherneennisk00wakegoog#page/n131/mode/1up| pages=117–120}}
* {{cite journal| last=Plunkett| first=Thomas| title=Report of the committee appointed to Explore the Fermanagh Caves| journal=Report of the 48th Meeting of the [[British Association for the Advancement of Science]], Dublin, 1878| volume=| location=London| publisher=Murray, John| year=1879| pages=183–185| url=httphttps://www.archive.org/stream/reportofbritisha79brit#page/182/mode/2up/search/cave| accessdateaccess-date=2011-01-24}}
 
{{coord|54.402|N|7.864|W|display=title}}
 
[[Category:Mountains and hills of County Fermanagh]]▼
▲[[Category:Townlands in County Fermanagh]]
 
{{County Fermanagh}}
 
{{fermanagh-geo-stub}}
▲[[Category:Mountains and hills of County Fermanagh]]
[[Category:Townlands of County Fermanagh]]
[[Category:Archaeological sites in County Fermanagh]]
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