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Line 1: {{Short description\|Danish-German organist, violinist, and composer}} {{Distinguish\|Friedrich Nicolaus Bruhns}} {{Infobox person '''Nicolaus Bruhns''' (also ''Nikolaus'', ''Nicholas''; late 1665 – {{OldStyleDate\|8 April\|1697\|29 March}} in [[Husum]]) was a [[Danish people\|Danish]]-[[German people\|German]] organist, violinist, and composer. He was one of the most prominent organists and composers of his generation.▼ \| image = <!-- Only free-content images are allowed for depicting living people – see [[WP:NONFREE]]. --> \| image_size = \| alt = \| caption = <!-- Only use to add context to the image. Do not repeat just the person's name here. --> \| birth_name = <!-- Use only if different from name in title. --> \| birth_date = {{Birth year\|1665}} \| birth_place = [[Schwabstedt]] \| death_date = {{Death date and age\|1697\|04\|08\|1665\|\|\|df=y}} \| occupation = {{ubl\| Composer \| Organist \| Violinist }} }} [[File:Schwabstedt_Haus_Nicolaus-Bruhns-Weg_IMGP6068_wp.jpg\|thumb\|Nicolaus Bruhns House in Schwabstedt]] ▲'''Nicolaus Bruhns''' (also ''Nikolaus'', ''Nicholas''; late 1665 – {{OldStyleDate\|8 April\|1697\|29 March}} in [[Husum]]) was a [[Danish people\|Danish]]-[[German people\|German]] organist, violinist, and composer. He was one of the most prominent organists and composers of his generation.<ref>{{cite web\|url= https://runeberg.org/dbl/3/0140.html\|title = Bruhn, Nicolaus, 1665-97, Musiker\|website=Dansk biografisk Lexikon \|access-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref> ==~~Life~~Biography== Bruhns was born in [[Schwabstedt]] (Danish: ''Svavsted''), a small settlement near [[Husum]]. He came from a family of musicians and composers. His grandfather, Paul Jakob Bruhns (died 1655), worked as [[lutenist]] in [[Lübeck]]. His three sons all chose musical careers; Bruhns' father, also named Paul (~~1640–c~~1640–c. 1689), became organist at Schwabstedt, possibly after studying with [[Franz Tunder]]. Nicolaus was apparently a child prodigy: according to [[Ernst Ludwig Gerber]], he could play the organ and compose competent works for keyboard and voice already at an early age. He probably received his first music lessons from his father.<ref>{{cite web\|url= https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118674714.html \|title = Bruns, Nikolaus (Bruhns)\|website= Deutsche Biographie \|access-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref> At age sixteen, Bruhns, together with his younger brother Georg (1666-1742), was sent to Lübeck to live with ~~his~~their uncle Peter, who would teach Bruhns the [[violin]] and the [[viola da gamba]]. The two brothers also studied the organ and composition,; Georg under Bernhard Olffen, organist of St. Aegidien, and Nicolaus under [[Dieterich Buxtehude]]. The latter, one of the best composers of his time, was so impressed with Bruhns' talents and progress that he considered him his best pupil and eventually recommended him for [[Copenhagen]]. There Bruhns worked as organist and violinist. On 29 March 1689 he competed for the position of organist of the Stadtkirche in Husum and was unanimously accepted. In a few months he was offered a position at [[Kiel]], but declined when the authorities at Husum increased his salary. Bruhns remained in Husum until his untimely death in 1697, at the age of 31. His only son, Johan Paul, chose a career in theology. Bruhns was succeeded in Husum by his brother Georg.<ref> {{cite web\|url= https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118665685.html \|title = Buxtehude, Dietrich\|website= Deutsche Biographie \|access-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web\|url= https://www.bach-cantatas.com/Lib/Bruhns-Nicolaus.htm \|title = Nicolaus Bruhns (Composer)\|website= bach-cantatas.com \|access-date=January 1, 2020}}</ref> ==Works== Bruhns' surviving oeuvre is unfortunately small: only 12 vocal and 5 organ pieces are extant. The vocal works include four sacred concertos that established a new level of virtuosity in the genre, and three sacred madrigal cantatas that represent a direct link with the next century and the work of [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]. Although the instrumental writing in most of these works suggests that Bruhns could only rely on musicians of average skill, there are movements, such as the opening sonatina of the solo cantata ''Mein Herz ist bereit'', that feature highly developed, virtuosic textures. Bruhns almost certainly wrote chamber music, which may have been of the same high quality, but none of these works survive. The organ works comprise four praeludia and a [[chorale fantasia]], ''on the hymn "[[Nun ~~Komm~~komm, der Heiden Heiland'']]". The most significant of these pieces is the larger of the two E minor praeludia, which is usually cited as one of the greatest works of the [[German organ schools\|North German organ tradition]]. Although [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s son [[Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach]] claimed that his father admired and studied Bruhns' work, no direct influence has been traced by scholars. ==List of works== Line 16 ⟶ 35: ===Vocal=== * ''Muss nicht der Mensch auf dieser Erden in stetem Streite sein'' * ''Ich habe Lust abzuscheiden'' * ''O werter heil'ger Geist'' * ''Hemmt eure Traenenflut'' Line 30 ⟶ 48: === Instrumental === {{listen\|image=none\|help=no\|header=Nikolaus Bruhns<br />Organ works\|type=music \|filename= Брунс - "Маленька" Прелюдія мі мінор.ogg \|title="Kleines" Praeludium in ge-Moll ▼ \|description= \|filename2 = Брунс - "Велика" Прелюдія мі мінор.ogg \|title2 = ''Großes Praeludium'' in E minor \|description2 = \|filename3 = Брунс - Адажіо ре мажор.ogg \|title3 = Adagio in D major \|description3 = performed by Yaroslav Kayuk, organ. }} ;Organ works "''Großes" Praeludium'' in ~~e-Moll~~E minor – [[Image:Sound-icon.png\|16px]] [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Bruhns-gro%C3%9Fes_Pr%C3%A4ludium-e.mid Example] ([[:Image:Bruhns-großes Präludium-e.mid\|info]]), [http://www.free-scores.com/download-sheet-music.php?pdf=158 sheet music] * "''Kleines" Praeludium'' in ~~e-Moll~~E minor – [[Image:Sound-icon.png\|16px]] [http://www.icking-music-archive.org/ByComposer/Bruhns.php Example and sheet music] * ~~Choralphantasie:~~Chorale ''Fantasy on "[[Nun Komm der Heiden Heiland'']]" * ''Praeludium'' in G~~-Dur~~ major * Fragment ~~eines~~of ''Praeludiums'' in D~~-Dur~~ major * ''Praeludium'' in G minor (also attributed to [[Arnold Brunckhorst\|Brunckhorst]]) ▲* Praeludium in g-Moll ==References== {{reflist}} == ~~Further~~Other ~~reading~~sources == * {{cite NewGrove2001\|~~article~~title=Bruhns, Nicolaus\|last=McLean\|first=Hugh J.\|~~vol~~volume=iv\|pages=~~492-493~~492–493}} : The most recent and concise summary of Bruhns' life and works available in English. * Webber, Geoffrey. ''North German church music in the age of Buxtehude.'' Oxford: [[Clarendon Press]], 1996. {{ISBN \|0-19-816212-X}}. : Covers a wide variety of topics related to church music, with considerable space given to Bruhns. * Snyder, Kerala J. ''Dieterich Buxtehude: Organist in Lübeck.'' New York: Schirmer Books, 1987. {{ISBN \|0-02-873080-1}}. : This definitive biography of Buxtehude includes significant discussion of Bruhns' early life and context. * Fosse, R.C. "Nicolaus Bruhns", pp. 92–107 in ''The Musical Heritage of the Lutheran Church'', ed. T. Hoelty-Nickel. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1959. : The first substantial consideration of Bruhns in English. * Geck, Martin. ''Nicolaus Bruhns: Leben und Werk.'' Köln: Musikverlag H. Gerig, 1968. {{dein ~~icon~~lang\|de}} : Somewhat dated, this remains the central study of Bruhns to date. * Kölsch, Heinz. ''Nicolaus Bruhns.'' Kassel: Bärenreiter-Verlag, 1958. Issued in 1938 as thesis, Kiel. {{dein ~~icon~~lang\|de}} : The first landmark study of Bruhns' life and works. * Fructus, Michel. ''L'oeuvre d'orgue de Nicolaus Bruhns (1665-1697), Essai sur la persuasion musicale dans l'Allemagne baroque du XVIIe siècle'', DEA de Musicologie, Lyon, 1999, 2 vol. Line 64 ⟶ 96: [[Category:1697 deaths]] [[Category:People from Nordfriesland]] [[Category:German Baroque composers]] [[Category:Danish classical composers]] [[Category:German male classical composers]] Line 70 ⟶ 102: [[Category:German classical organists]] [[Category:Organists and composers in the North German tradition]] [[Category:German male organists]] [[Category:People from the Duchy of Schleswig]] [[Category:17th-century classical composers]] [[Category:Danish Baroque composers]] [[Category:17th-century Danish composers]] [[Category:17th-century male musicians]] [[Category:Male classical organists]]