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'''Depiction''' is reference conveyed through pictures. A picture refers to its object through a non-linguistic{{Citation needed|date=July 2024}} two-dimensional scheme, and is distinct from writing or [[Notation system|notation]]. A depictive two-dimensional scheme is called a [[picture plane]] and may be constructed according to [[descriptive geometry]], where they are usually divided between ''projections'' (orthogonal and various oblique angles) and ''perspectives'' (according to number of vanishing points).
Pictures are made with various materials and techniques, such as painting, drawing, or prints (including photography and movies) mosaics, tapestries, stained glass, and collages of unusual and disparate elements. Occasionally, picture-like features may be recognised in simple inkblots, accidental stains, peculiar clouds or a glimpse of the moon, but these are special cases, and it is controversial whether they count as genuine instances of depiction.<ref>e.g. [[Robert David Hopkins]] (1998), "Picture, Image, Experience" (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) p. 71.</ref> Similarly, sculpture and theatrical performances are sometimes said to depict, but this requires a broad understanding of 'depict', as simply designating a form of representation that is not linguistic or notational. The bulk of studies of depiction however deal only with pictures. While sculpture and performance clearly represent or refer, they do not strictly picture their objects.
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