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The '''Andean foreland basins''' or '''Sub-Andean basins''' are a group of [[foreland basin]]s located in the western half of South America immediately east of the [[Andes|Andes mountains]]. The Andean foreland basins in the Amazon River's [[drainage basin|catchment area]] are known as the Amazonian foreland basins.<ref name=Roddetal2010>{{cite book |
|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/239526346
In part sediment accumulation, uplift and subsidence of the Andean foreland basins is controlled by transverse zones of "[[structural geology|structural]] accommodation", likely corresponding to ancient continent-wide faults. From the [[Orocline|Bolivian Orocline]] (20° S, also known as Arica Deflection or Arica Elbow) north these zones of accommodation runs with a NEE-SWW orientation and south of the orocline they run with a NW-SE orientation.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Jacques |first=John M. |date=203 |title=A tectonostratigraphic synthesis of the Sub-Andean basins: implications for the geotectonic segmentation of the Andean Belt
Beginning in 1920 the Ecuadorian and Peruvian basins were [[
A 2018 synthesis of previous research<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Horton |first=Brian K. |date=2018 |title=Sedimentary record of Andean mountain building |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825217304300 |journal=Earth-Science Reviews |volume=178 |pages=279–309 |doi=10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.11.025 |bibcode=2018ESRv..178..279H |via=Elsevier Science Direct|doi-access=free }}</ref> looked at the sedimentary record of eight foreland basins and 5 hinterland basins to reconstruct a composite model for their development as a single Andean foreland basin system. During the Mesozoic, rapid accumulation of sediment occurred at the onset of back arc extension between 250 and 140 Ma. A dramatic pulse of sediment accumulation occurred during the late Cretaceous linked to the inception of large scale shortening, occurring from 70 to 60 Mya in the northern basins and 100-600 Mya in the southern basins. The Paleogene saw a phase of limited accumulation due to a lull of Andean shortening, 60-20 Mya in the south, 50-30 Mya in the north. From 20 to 30 Ma, rapid accumulation occurred with the highest sedimentation rate recorded in the central Andes, between 3–8 km of sediment was accumulated. Detrital Zircon data aided in identifying sediment source reversals from cratonic sediment sources to magmatic orogenic sources. This inflection occurred in the northern Andes from 70 to 30 Ma, depending on the basin, central Andes around 50 Ma, and in the southern Andes around 100 Ma. Interplay of local climate, uplift histories, shortening and subducting slab geometries influenced the development of individual foreland basins and shaped continent scale drainage patterns, offshore sediment dispersal and ecological development on the South American continent.
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| Colombia
| Intermontane foreland basin enclosed by the [[Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta]] in the northwest, the [[Oca-Ancón Fault System|Oca Fault]] in the north, the [[Serranía del Perijá]] in the east to southeast and the [[Bucaramanga-Santa Marta Fault]] in the west.
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| [[Eastern Venezuela Basin]]
| 10–8° N
| Venezuela
| The Eastern Venezuela Basin lies between several geological structures. To the south it bounds [[Guiana Shield]], to the north [[metamorphic rock]]s of the easternmost [[Andes]], to the west the [[Espino Graben]], to the northeast the [[Barbados]] [[accretionary prism|accretionary complex]] and to the east it bounds to the [[oceanic crust]] of the [[Atlantic Ocean]].<ref>{{cite journal |
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| [[Barinas Basin]]
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| Colombia
| Enclosed by the Vaupés High in the north, the Peruvian and Ecuadorian borders in the south and the [[Cordillera Oriental (Colombia)|Eastern]] and [[Cordillera Central (Colombia)|Central Ranges]] in the west.
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| [[Oriente Basin]]
| 3° N–11° S
| Ecuador
| The Oriente Basin owes its configuration to the [[tectonic inversion]] of rifts of [[Triassic]]-[[Jurassic]] age due to the [[tectonics|tectonic]] conditions of [[transpression]] that have prevailed in the region since the [[Cretaceous|Late Cretaceous]].<ref>{{cite book |
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| [[Marañón Basin]]
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| Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay
|
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| [[Cuyo Basin]]
| 27–37° S
| Argentina
| The Cuyo Basin is an elongated sedimentary basin of NNW-SSE orientation limited to the west by the Sierra Pintada System and to the east by the [[Pampia|Pampean pericraton]]. To the north the basin reaches the area around the city of [[Mendoza, Argentina|Mendoza]]. The basin existed already during the [[Triassic]] but its current shape is derivative of the [[Andean orogeny]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.energia.gov.ar/contenidos/verpagina.php?idpagina=811 |title=Cuenca Cuyana |language=
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| [[Neuquén Basin]]
| 34–40° S
| Argentina, Chile
| Neuquén Basin is a sedimentary basin that originated in the Jurassic and developed through alternating continental and marine conditions well into the Tertiary. The basin bounds to the west with the [[Andean Volcanic Belt]], to the southeast with the [[North Patagonian Massif]] and to the northeast with the Sierra Pintada System.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.energia.gov.ar/contenidos/verpagina.php?idpagina=812 |title=Cuenca Neuquina |language=
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| [[Magallanes Basin]]<br>(Austral Basin)
| 48–54° S
| Argentina, Chile
| The [[Magallanes Basin]] is a foreland basin located in southern Patagonia. The basin covers a surface of about 170.000–200.000 km<sup>2</sup> and has a NNW-SSE oriented shape.<ref name=Gallardo2014>{{cite journal |last=Gallardo |first=Rocío E. |date=2014 |title=Seismic sequence stratigraphy of a foreland unit
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== Further reading ==
{{Portal|Andes}}
* {{
* {{citation | * {{
{{Major South American geological formations}}
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