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{{Short description|Time zone in Europe: UTC±00:00}}
{{Time zones of Europe}}
'''Western European Time''' ('''WET''', [[UTC±00:00]]) is a [[time zone]] covering parts of western [[Europe]] and consists of countries using [[UTC±00:00]] (also known as [[Greenwich Mean Time]], abbreviated GMT).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2017/611006/EPRS_STU(2017)611006_EN.pdf|title=EU summer-time arrangements under Directive 2000/84/EC|last=|first=|date=2017|website=|publisher=[[European Parliament]]|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/docs_autres_institutions/parlements_nationaux/com/2018/0639/UK_HOUSE-OF-LORDS_AVIS-COM(2018)0639_EN.pdf|title=Reasoned opinion on subsidiarity|last=|first=|date=2019|website=|publisher=Committee on Legal Affairs – [[European Parliament]]|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}}</ref> It is one of the three standard time zones in the [[European Union]] along with [[Central European Time]] and [[Eastern European Time]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes/summertime_en|title=Seasonal clock change in the EU|first=|date=2016-09-22|website=[[European Commission]]|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-11-18}}</ref><ref name=":0" />
 
The following Western European countries and regions use UTC±00:00 in winter months:
 
*[[Portugal]], since 1912 with pauses (except [[Azores]], [[UTC−01:00]])<ref name="Time Zones of Portugal">{{cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/tpt.html|title=Time Zones of Portugal|publisher=Statoids|accessdateaccess-date=18 October 2011}}</ref>
*[[United Kingdom]] and [[Crown dependenciesDependencies]], since 1847 in [[England]], [[Scotland]], [[Wales]], the [[Channel Islands]], and the [[Isle of Man]], and since 1916 in [[Northern Ireland]], with pauses<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-133575619|title=Lighter nights would keep youngsters fitter and safer, say doctors|date=27 June 2005|newspaper=Western Mail|location=Cardiff}}</ref><ref>David Ennals [httphttps://hansardapi.millbanksystemsparliament.comuk/historic-hansard/commons/1968/jan/23/british-standard-time-bill-lords "British Standard Times Bill [&#91;Lords]&#93;",], ''Hansard'', House of Commons Debate, 23 January 1968, vol 757 cc290-366, 290–92</ref><ref>[httphttps://hansardapi.millbanksystemsparliament.comuk/historic-hansard/commons/1970/dec/02/british-standard-time#S5CV0807P0_19701202_HOC_339 "British Standard Time",], ''Hansard'' (HC), 2 December 1970, vol 807 cc1331-422</ref>
*[[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], since 1916,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/ireland/dublin?year=1916|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes 1900-1924 in Dublin, Ireland|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref> except between 1968 and 1971<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/ireland/dublin?year=1968|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes 1960-1969 in Dublin, Ireland|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/ireland/dublin?year=1968|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes 1960-1969 in Dublin, Ireland|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref>
*[[Canary Islands]], since 1946 (rest of Spain is [[Central European Time|CET]], [[UTC+01:00]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/spain/las-palmas?year=1946|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes 1925-1949 in Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref>
*[[Faroe Islands]], since 1908<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/faroe/torshavn?year=1908|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes 1900-1924 in Tórshavn, Faroe Islands|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref>
*[[Madeira]] islands, since 1912 with pauses<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statoids.com/tpt.html|title=Time Zones of Portugal|publisher=Statoids|accessdate=18 October 2011}}</ref>
* North Eastern [[Greenland]] ([[Danmarkshavn]] and surrounding area)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/greenland/danmarkshavn|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes in Danmarkshavn, Greenland|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref>
*[[Iceland]], since 1968, without summer time changes<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/iceland/reykjavik?syear=1960|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes in Reykjavik, Iceland|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref>
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All the above countries except Iceland<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://greenwichmeantime.com/countries/|title=Countries that do not observe DST {{!}} GreenwichMeanTime.com|website=greenwichmeantime.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref> implement [[daylight saving time]] in summer (from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October each year), switching to [[Western European Summer Time]] (WEST, [[UTC+01:00]]), which is one hour ahead of WET.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-countries-do-daylight-savings.html|title=What Countries Do Daylight Savings?|work=WorldAtlas|access-date=2018-11-29|language=en}}</ref> WEST is called [[British Summer Time]] in the UK and is legally defined as [[Irish Standard Time]] in Ireland.
 
The nominal span of the UTC±00:00 time zone is 7.5°E to 7.5°W (0° ± 7.5°), but does not include the [[Netherlands]], [[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], [[France]], [[Gibraltar]] or [[Spain]] (except Canary Islands) which use [[Central European Time]] (CET) even though these are mostly or completely west of 7.5°E. Conversely, Iceland and eastern Greenland use UTC±00:00 although both are west of 7.5°W. In September 2013, a [[Spain|Spanish]] parliamentary committee recommended switching to UTC±00:00.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24294157 "Spain considers time zone change to boost productivity".] ''BBC News''. 27 September 2013.</ref><ref>Hamilos, Paul (26 September 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/26/spain-working-hours-ending-siesta "Adiós, siesta? Spain considers ending Franco's change to working hours"]. ''The Guardian'' (London).</ref><ref>Dewey, Caitlin (26 September 2013). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/09/26/spaniards-are-less-productive-constantly-tired-because-spain-is-in-the-wrong-time-zone/ "Spaniards are less productive, constantly tired because Spain is in the wrong time zone"]. ''The Washington Post''.</ref>
 
==Historical uses==
A slight variation of UTC±00:00, based until 1911 on the [[Paris Meridian]], was used in:
 
*[[Andorra]]: 1901–1946<ref>{{Cite web|urlname=https://www."timeanddate.com/time/zone/andorra/andorra-la-vella|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes in Andorra La Vella, Andorra|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref><ref">{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/andorra/andorra-la-vella|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes in Andorra La Vella, Andorra|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref>
*[[Belgium]]: 1892–1914 (without daylight saving time)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/belgium/brussels?year=1892|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes in Brussels, Belgium|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/belgium/brussels?year=1914|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes 1900-1924 in Brussels, Belgium|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref> and 1919–1940 (with daylight saving time)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/belgium/brussels?year=1940|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes 1925-1949 in Brussels, Belgium|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref>
*[[France]]: 1911–1940<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/france/paris?year=1911|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes 1900-1924 in Paris, Île-de-France, France|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref> and 1944–1945<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/france/paris?year=1940|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes 1925-1949 in Paris, Île-de-France, France|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref>
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*[[Monaco]]: 1911–1945<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/monaco/monaco?year=1911|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes 1900-1924 in Monaco, Monaco|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/monaco/monaco?year=1945|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes 1925-1949 in Monaco, Monaco|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref>
 
Until the [[Second World War]], France used UTC±00:00. However, the [[German occupation of France during World War II|German occupation]] switched France to German time, and it has remained in CET since then.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Poulle|first=Yvonne|title=La France à l'heure allemande|journal=Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes|year=1999|volume=157|issue=2|pages=493–502|url=http://www.persee.fr/articleAsPDF/bec_0373-6237_1999_num_157_2_450989/article_bec_0373-6237_1999_num_157_2_450989.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904024453/http://www.persee.fr/articleAsPDF/bec_0373-6237_1999_num_157_2_450989/article_bec_0373-6237_1999_num_157_2_450989.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=4 September 2015|accessdateaccess-date=11 January 2012|doi=10.3406/bec.1999.450989}}</ref> Two other occupied territories, [[Belgium]] and the [[Netherlands]], did the same, and Spain also switched to CET in solidarity with Germany under the orders of [[Francisco Franco|General Franco]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2013/11/30/244995264/spains-been-in-the-wrong-time-zone-for-seven-decades?t=1543530349805|title=Spain Has Been In The 'Wrong' Time Zone For 7 Decades|work=NPR.org|access-date=2018-11-29|language=en}}</ref>
 
In the United Kingdom, from 1940 to 1945 [[British Summer Time]] (BST=[[Central European Time|CET]]) was used in winters, and from 1941 to 1945 and again in 1947, British Double Summer Time (BDST=[[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]) was used in summers. Between 18 February 1968 and 31 October 1971, [[British Summer Time|BST]] was used all year round.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/uk/london?year=1968|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes 1960-1969 in London, England, United Kingdom|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/uk/london?year=1971|title=Time Zone & Clock Changes 1970-1979 in London, England, United Kingdom|website=www.timeanddate.com|language=en|access-date=2018-11-29}}</ref>
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== Anomalies ==
[[Image:Tzdiff-Europe-winter.png|thumb|250px|Difference between legal time and local mean solar time in Europe during the winter]]
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; width:300px; margin-right:0; margin:10px"
|-
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=== Regions located outside UTC longitudes ===
'''Located west of 22°30′ W ("physical" UTC-2UTC−2)'''
 
* Western parts of [[Iceland]]
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=== Areas located within [[UTC+00:00]] longitudes using other time zones ===
These areas are actually located between 7°30′ W30′E and 227°30′ W30′W ("physical"nominally UTC+0) but use [[UTC+01:00]] ([[Central European Time]], nominally for longitudes between 7°30′E and 22°30′E):
 
All of
Areas using [[UTC+01:00]] include all of
* [[Andorra]]
* [[Belgium]]
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* [[Monaco]]
* [[Netherlands]]
 
and most of
* [[France]]
* [[Spain]]
and minor parts of other countries. See [[Central European Time]].
 
== References ==
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[[Category:Time zones]]
[[Category:Time in Europe]]
[[Category:Geography of Western Europe]]
 
[[de:Westeurop%C3%A4ische_Zeit]]
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