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Line 1: {{Short description\|Edifices with surplus electricity}} ~~{{merge\|PlusEnergy\|date=August 2012}}~~ {{nofootnotes\|date=February 2011}} [[File:Freiburg 071ss.jpg\|thumb\|Energy-plus-houses at [[Vauban, Freiburg\|Freiburg-Vauban]] in Germany]] [[File:Plus-energie-haus-ffm-033.jpg\|thumb\|Prototype in Germany]] [[File:SoSie+SoSchiff Ansicht.jpg\|thumb\|300px\|The [[Solar Settlement]] with the [[Sun Ship (building)\|Sun Ship]] in the background: two PlusEnergy projects in [[Freiburg]]]] An '''energy-plus~~-house~~ building''' (also called: ~~Plus-Energy~~plus energy building, plus-~~House~~energy house, ~~Efficiency~~efficiency-~~Plus-House~~plus house) produces more energy from [[renewable energy]] sources, over the course of a year, than it imports from external sources. This is achieved using a combination of [[microgeneration]] technology and [[low-energy building]] techniques, such as: [[passive solar building design]], [[Building insulation\|insulation]] and careful site selection and placement. A reduction of [[modern conveniences]] can also contribute to [[energy conservation\|energy savings]], however many energy-plus houses are almost indistinguishable from a traditional home, preferring instead to use highly energy-efficient appliances, fixtures, etc., throughout the house. "Plusenergihuset" (the plus energy house) was the Danish term used by [[Jean Fischer (Danish engineer)\|Jean Fischer]] in his publication from 1982 about his own energy-plus house.<ref>{{Cite Q \| Q114735197 }}</ref> ==See also==▼ '''PlusEnergy''' is a brand name, used by [[Rolf Disch]], to describe a structure that produces more energy than it uses. The term was coined by Disch in 1994 when building his private residence, the [[Heliotrope (building)\|Heliotrope]] as the first PlusEnergy house in the world. Disch then went on to refine the concepts involved with several more projects built by his company, Rolf Disch Solar Architecture, in order to promote PlusEnergy for wider adoption in residential, commercial and retail spaces.{{fact\|date=February 2022}} Disch maintains that PlusEnergy is more than just a method of producing environmentally-friendly housing, but also an integrated ecological and architectural concept. As such, PlusEnergy is intended to be superior to low-energy or zero-energy designs such as those of [[Passivhaus]].{{fact\|date=February 2022}} {{Wikibooks\|How to reduce home energy usage}}▼ {{Wikibooks\|How to reduce transportation fuel costs}}▼ {{Portal\|Energy}}▼ ==Technical approach== The PlusEnergy approach uses a variety of techniques to produce a building that generates more energy than it consumes. A typical example is to capture heat during the day in order to reduce the need to generate heat over night. This is achieved using large North and South facing window areas to allow sunlight to penetrate the structure, reducing the need for energy use from light bulbs. Triple-pane or [[quadruple glazing\|quadruple-pane]] windows ([[U-value]] = 0.4 – 0.7 W(m<sup>2</sup>K)) trap this heat inside, and the addition of heavy insulation then means the structure is already warm in the evening and therefore needs less heating. In the [[Sun Ship (building)\|Sun Ship]], a {{convert\|60000\|sqft\|m2\|abbr=on}} commercial, retail and residential PlusEnergy structure, techniques such as phase changing materials in the walls and vacuum insulation are also used. This permits maximum availability of floor space without compromising efficient insulation. ==Social and community aspects== {{unreferenced section\|date=February 2022}} An important part{{fact\|date=February 2022}} of the PlusEnergy approach that differentiates it from similar concepts is that the owner or tenant of a PlusEnergy building should be able to live and work comfortably in it without sacrificing lifestyle or normal living standards.{{fact\|date=February 2022}} For example, solar panels are made aesthetically pleasing so that they are integrated into the façade of the structure.{{fact\|date=February 2022}} This reflects PlusEnergy's emphasis on community planning and integration, with aspects of transportation, water management and communication also being seen as part of the design. {{fact\|date=February 2022}} PlusEnergy design also emphasises the importance of [[sustainable development]] on communities in general.{{fact\|date=February 2022}} An energy-efficient community is seen as generating positive identification and community pride.{{fact\|date=February 2022}} Rolf Disch says he attracts a "high quality of tenant",{{fact\|date=February 2022}} innovative undertakings and creative work places through his designs.{{fact\|date=February 2022}} Ecological urban planning techniques like traffic management with wide, attractive walkways, bicycle routes and connections to public transportation are all part of the PlusEnergy ideal.{{fact\|date=February 2022}} At the [[Solar Settlement]] for example, tenants and owners incorporate bicycle and car-sharing, and the neighborhood has an extensive car-free zone with many public transportation connections.{{fact\|date=February 2022}} ==Example projects== ===Heliotrope=== {{main\|Heliotrope (building)}} Built in 1994 as the private residence and special project of [[Rolf Disch]] in [[Freiburg]], the [[Heliotrope (building)\|Heliotrope]] is claimed by its designer to be the first building in the world to create more energy than it uses, being reliant on entirely renewable power, and being emissions free and CO<sub>2</sub> neutral. The structure rotates to track the sun, which allows it to use a large amount of natural sunlight and warmth during the day. After the success of Freiburg’s Heliotrope, [[Hansgrohe]] contracted Rolf Disch Solar Architecture to design and built another Heliotrope to be used as a visitors' center and showroom in [[Offenburg]], Germany. A third Heliotrope was then built in [[Hilpoltstein]], [[Bavaria]] to be used as a technical dental laboratory. <gallery> File: Heliotrop_Freiburg.jpg\|Heliotrope in Freiburg File: LuftHeliotrop.JPG\|Bird's eye view of the Heliotrope in Freiburg File: Heliotrophotel_ansicht.jpg\|Heliotrope-Hotel Schloss Waretenstein </gallery> ===Solar Settlement=== {{Main\|Solar Settlement}} With the success of the Heliotrope, Rolf Disch Solar Architecture applied their PlusEnergy concept to mass residential production in the form of a community development of 50 PlusEnergy houses. The project, called [[Solar Settlement]], won 2002 House of the Year, 2002 Residential PV Solar Integration Award, and Germany’s Most Beautiful Housing Community, 2006. Built between 2000 and 2005 in the [[Vauban, Freiburg\|Vauban]] quarter of [[Freiburg]], the Solar Settlement is intended as an example of Disch’s vision of a “fundamental environmental imperative”. As of 2011, the homes have had more than 8 years of full occupancy and each produced more than 5,000 Euros ($5,600) of surplus energy a year, from which the owners of the houses have benefitted.{{fact\|date=February 2022}} ===Sun Ship=== {{Main\|Sun Ship (building)}} The Sun Ship, located next to the [[Solar Settlement]] in Freiburg, uses its {{convert\|60000\|sqft\|m2\|abbr=on}} for retail, commercial and residential space. The Sun Ship houses a supermarket, convenience store and café on the first floor, offices and work spaces on the 2nd and 4th floors, and 9 penthouses on its roof. Notable aspects of the building are its vacuum insulated walls, ventilation with 95% heat recovery, triple paned windows, and solar-panelled façade.{{fact\|date=February 2022}} === EnergyX DY-Building === {{main\|EnergyX DY-Building}} EnergyX DY-Building (에너지엑스 DY빌딩), the first commercial [[Zero-energy building\|Net-Zero Energy Building]] (NZEB, or ZEB grade 1) and the first energy-plus building (+ZEB, or ZEB grade plus) in Korea was opened and introduced in 2023.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2023-05-26 \|title=에너지엑스, 국내 첫 상업용 플러스 제로에너지빌딩 건설 \|url=https://news.koreadaily.com/2023/05/25/economy/economygeneral/20230525180015767.html \|access-date=2023-11-21 \|website=news.koreadaily.com \|language=ko}}</ref> The energy technology and sustainable architectural platform company EnergyX developed, designed, and engineered the building with its proprietary technologies and services.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2023-10-25 \|title=건축 플랫폼 에너지엑스, 제로에너지 포럼 및 준공식 개최 \|url=http://www.nextdaily.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=223066 \|access-date=2023-11-21 \|website=넥스트데일리 \|language=ko}}</ref> EnergyX DY-Building received the ZEB certification with an energy independence rate (or energy self-sufficiency rate) of 121.7%.<ref>{{Cite web \|date=2023-10-13 \|title=에너지엑스, 에너지자립률 121.7%… 국내 최초 플러스 제로에너지빌딩 준공 \|url=http://www.industrynews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=51208 \|access-date=2023-11-21 \|website=인더스트리뉴스 \|language=ko}}</ref><gallery> File:Energy X DY-Building.jpg\|link=\|EnergyX DY-Building </gallery> ===Other projects=== {{unreferenced section\|date=February 2022}} * [[Heliotrope (building)\|Heliotrope]], [[Vauban, Freiburg]], 1994 * Heliotrope, [[Offenburg]], 1994 * Heliotrope, [[Hilpoltstein]], 1995 * [[Solar Settlement]], [[Vauban, Freiburg]], 2002 * [[Sun Ship (building)\|Sun Ship]], [[Vauban, Freiburg]], 2004 * [[Isfahan Municipality]] [[District 13, Isfahan]] building 2023.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://www.irna.ir/news/85128004/%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%DA%98%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%81-%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C-%D8%B4%D8%AF \|access-date=2023-06-01 \|website=www.irna.ir}}</ref> <gallery> File:Heliotrop Freiburg.jpg\|[[Heliotrope (building)\|Heliotrope]] in [[Vauban, Freiburg]], 1994 File:Heliotrop Nacht.jpg\|Heliotrope built for [[Hansgrohe]] in [[Offenburg]], 1994 File:SSHaus.jpg\|A PlusEnergy home designed by Rolf Disch, 2000 File:LuftSS.jpg\|59 PlusEnergy Homes - the [[Solar Settlement]] in [[Vauban, Freiburg]], 2002 File:SoSchiff_Ansicht.jpg\| The PlusEnergy [[Sun Ship (building)\|Sun Ship]] in [[Vauban, Freiburg]], 2004 </gallery> ▲==See also== ▲{{Portal\|Energy\|Renewable energy}} [[Zero energy building]] [[Zero heating building]] [[PlusEnergy]] [[Low energy building]] [[Autonomous building]] [[Passive house]] [[Passive solar building design]] [[Quadruple glazing]] [[List of energy topics]] [[List of environment topics]] Line 20 ⟶ 75: [[Future energy development]] [[Hubbert peak theory]] [[~~Heliotrope~~Sustainable ~~(building)~~architecture]] [[Anti-nuclear movement in Germany]] [[Green building]] ==Literature==▼ Voss, Karsten and Musall, Eike: Net zero energy buildings - International projects of [[carbon neutrality]] in buildings 2nd edition, November 2012, Institut für internationale Architektur-Dokumentation GmbH & Co. KG, München, {{ISBN \|978-3-920034-80-5}}▼ == References == {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{commonscat\|Plus-energy buildings}} ▲{{Wikibooks\|How to reduce transportation fuel costs}} ▲{{Wikibooks\|How to reduce home energy usage}} [http://live.pege.org/2005-plus-energy-village PlusEnergy Solar Settlement] in Freiburg Germany [http://live.pege.org/2001 GEMINI inhabited solar power plant] turnable house in Weiz Styria Austria [http://task40.iea-shc.org/ IEA research program "Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings"] [http://batchgeo.com/map/net-zero-energy-buildings World Map of international known Net Zero and Plus-Energy Buildings] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130217075921/http://www.enob.info/en/net-zero-energy-buildings/ Net zero energy- , energy-plus or climate-neutral buildings in the next generation of electricity grids] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMnB6V5yG1I&feature=player_embedded Solar Settlement and Sun Ship Video] * [http://www.rolfdisch.de/ Rolf Disch Solar Architecture] ▲==Literature== * [http://hosting.more-elements.com/MoccaMS/projects/plusenergie/ PlusEnergy] ▲*Voss, Karsten and Musall, Eike: Net zero energy buildings - International projects of carbon neutrality in buildings 2nd edition, November 2012, Institut für internationale Architektur-Dokumentation GmbH & Co. KG, München, ISBN 978-3-920034-80-5 [[Category:House types]] [[Category:Low-energy building]] ~~{{architecture-stub}}~~