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{{Short description|Tenth Tlatoani of Tenochtitlan}}
{{About|the ruler of Tenochtitlan}}
{{Infobox monarchroyalty
| name = Cuitláhuac
| image = Cuitlahuac2.jpg
| caption = Cuitláhuac in the ''[[Primeros Memoriales]]''.
| titlesuccession = ''[[Huey Tlatoani]]'' of the [[Aztec Empire]] =<br> [[List of Tenochtitlan rulers|10th]] [[Hueyi Tlatoani|''Tlatoani'' of Tenochtitlan]]<br/>Ruler of the [[Aztec Triple Alliance]]
| reign = [[Aztec calendar|2 Flint]]<br>1520
| predecessor = [[MoctezumaMontezuma II]]
| successor = [[Cuauhtémoc]]
| successor2 = [[Ixhuetzcatocatzin]] (Alonso)▼
| titles = [[Tlatoani]] of [[Itztapalapan]]
| spouse 1 = A daughter of [[Moteixcahuia Quauhtlehuanitzin]]▼
▲| successor2 = [[Ixhuetzcatocatzin]] (Alonso)
| issue = =[[Ixhuetzcatocatzin]] (Alonso)<br>Ana<br>Luisa<br>two others▼
▲| spouse 1 = A daughter of [[Moteixcahuia Quauhtlehuanitzin]]
| father = [[Axayacatl]]
▲| issue =[[Ixhuetzcatocatzin]] (Alonso)<br>Ana<br>Luisa<br>two others
| fathermother = A daughter =of Cuitlahuac [[Axayacatl]]I
| birth_date = c. =1476▼
| mother = A daughter of [[Cuitlahuatzin I|Cuitlahuac I]]
| death_date = [[Aztec calendar|2 Flint]] (1520; aged 44)▼
▲| birth_date =
|}}▼
▲| death_date = [[Aztec calendar|2 Flint]] (1520)
'''Cuitláhuac''' ({{IPA-|es|kwiˈtɬawakkwiˈtlawak|-|Cuitlahuac1.ogg}}, {{audio|Kuitlawatsin.ogg|modern Nahuatl pronunciation}}) (c. 1476 &ndash;– 1520)<ref>For year of birth, see entry for [http://sites.estvideo.net/malinal/1.hist/CU.html#CUITLAHUAC "CUITLAHUAC"], ''Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl classique'' (Wimmer 2006).</ref> or '''Cuitláhuac''' (in Spanish orthography; {{lang-nah|Cuitlāhuac}},<ref>Wimmer (2006).</ref> {{IPA-nah|kʷiˈt͡ɬaːwak}}, honorific form: '''Cuitlahuatzin''') was the 10th ''[[tlatoaniHuey Tlatoani]]'' (ruleremperor) of the [[Aztec]] city of [[Tenochtitlan]] for 80 days during the year [[Aztec calendar|Two Flint]] (1520).<ref name="cha">Chimalpahin (1997): pp. 56–57, 164–165, 216–217.</ref> He is credited with leading the resistance to the [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire|Spanish and Tlaxcalteca conquest]] of the [[Mexica]] Empire, following the death of his kinsman [[Moctezuma II]].▼
▲|}}
▲'''Cuitláhuac''' ({{IPA-es|kwiˈtɬawak|-|Cuitlahuac1.ogg}}, {{audio|Kuitlawatsin.ogg|modern Nahuatl pronunciation}}) (c. 1476 &ndash; 1520)<ref>For year of birth, see entry for [http://sites.estvideo.net/malinal/1.hist/CU.html#CUITLAHUAC "CUITLAHUAC"], ''Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl classique'' (Wimmer 2006).</ref> or '''Cuitláhuac''' (in Spanish orthography; {{lang-nah|Cuitlāhuac}},<ref>Wimmer (2006).</ref> {{IPA-nah|kʷiˈt͡ɬaːwak}}, honorific form '''Cuitlahuatzin''') was the 10th ''[[tlatoani]]'' (ruler) of the [[Aztec]] city of [[Tenochtitlan]] for 80 days during the year [[Aztec calendar|Two Flint]] (1520).<ref name="cha">Chimalpahin (1997): pp. 56–57, 164–165, 216–217.</ref>
 
==Biography==
Cuitláhuac was the eleventh son of the ruler [[Axayacatl]] and a younger brother of [[Moctezuma II]], the late Emperor of [[Tenochtitlan]], who died during the Spanish occupation of the city.<ref>Chimalpahin (1997): pp. 148–151.</ref> His mother's father, also called [[Cuitlahuatzin I|Cuitlahuac]], had been ruler of [[Iztapalapa]],<ref>Chimalpahin (1997): pp. 42–43.</ref> and the younger Cuitláhuac also ruled there initially.<ref>Chimalpahin (1997): pp. 50–51.</ref> Cuitláhuac was an experienced warrior and an adviser to Moctezuma, warning him not to allow the Spaniards to enter Tenochtitlan. [[Hernán Cortés]] imprisoned both Moctezuma and Cuitláhuac. Following the massacre of Aztec elites when Cortés was away from Tenochtitlan, the [[Mexica]] besieged the Spanish and their indigenous allies. Cuitláhuac was released on the pretense to reopen the market to get food to the invaders. Moctezuma was killed under disputed circumstances, and Cuitláhuac was elected ''tlatoani'' following the flight of the Spaniards and their allies from Tenochtitlan on June 30, 1520. Some sources claim he was serving in that role even before Moctezuma's death.<ref>Burkhart, Louise. "Cuitlahuac" in ''Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture'' vol. 2, pp. 339–40.</ref>
===Early rule of Tenochtitlan===
Cuitláhuac was the eleventh son of the ruler [[Axayacatl]] and a younger brother of [[Moctezuma II]], the previous ruler of Tenochtitlan.<ref>Chimalpahin (1997): pp. 148–151.</ref> His mother's father, also called [[Cuitlahuatzin I|Cuitlahuac]], had been ruler of [[Iztapalapa]],<ref>Chimalpahin (1997): pp. 42–43.</ref> and the younger Cuitláhuac also ruled there initially.<ref>Chimalpahin (1997): pp. 50–51.</ref>
 
Cuitláhuac was ritually married to Moctezuma's eldest daughter, a ten- or eleven-year-old girl, who later was called [[Isabel Moctezuma]].<ref>Chipman, Donald E. (2005). Moctezuma's Children: Aztec Royalty Under Spanish Rule, 1520–1700. Austin: University of Texas Press, pp. 40–41 {{ISBN|0-292-70628-6}}. {{OCLC|5713428}}</ref>
===Conflict with Spain===
Cuitláhuac was made ''tlatoani'' of Tenochtitlan during the [[Spanish conquest of Mexico]]; After Pedro de Alvarado had ordered the [[Massacre in the Great Temple]], the Aztecs were very upset and started to fight and put a siege to the Spaniards. [[Hernán Cortés]] ordered Moctezuma to ask his people to stop fighting. Moctezuma told him that they would not listen to him and suggested Cortés free Cuitláhuac so that he could convince them to dispose of their arms and not fight anymore. Cortés then freed Cuitláhuac and once Cuitláhuac was free he led his people against the conquistadors. He succeeded and the Spaniards were driven out of Tenochtitlan on June 30, 1520. Cuitláhuac was ritually married to Moctezuma's eldest daughter, a ten- or eleven-year-old girl who later was called [[Isabel Moctezuma]].<ref>Chipman, Donald E. (2005). Moctezuma's Children: Aztec Royalty Under Spanish Rule, 1520–1700. Austin: University of Texas Press, pp. 40-41 {{ISBN|0-292-70628-6}}. {{OCLC|5713428}}</ref>
 
[[File:Cuauhtláhuac.jpg|thumb|right|220px|CuauhtláhuacCuitláhuac]]▼
===Final rule===
Cuitláhuac ruled just 80 days, perhaps dying from [[smallpox]]<ref name="cha"/> that had been introduced to the [[New World]] by an African suffering from the disease who was part of [[Pánfilo de Narváez]]'s expedition to capture Cortés. The early sources do not explicitly say from what he succumbed.<ref>Burkhart, "Cuitlahuac", p. 340.</ref> Immediately after Cuitláhuac's death, [[Cuauhtémoc]] was made the next ''tlatoani''.<ref name="cha"/>
▲[[File:Cuauhtláhuac.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Cuauhtláhuac]]
After having ruled for just 80 days, Cuitláhuac died of [[smallpox]]<ref name="cha"/> that had been introduced to the [[New World]] by the [[European ethnic groups|Europeans]]. His elder brother [[Matlatzincatzin]], who had been ''[[cihuacoatl (position)|cihuacoatl]]'' ("president"), resigned upon Cuitláhuac's death.<ref name="chb">Probably from Chimalpahin (1997); broken reference.</ref> As soon as Cuitláhuac died, [[Cuauhtémoc]] was made the next ''tlatoani''.<ref name="cha"/>
 
==Legacy==
The modern [[municipio (Mexico)|Mexican municipality]] of [[Cuitláhuac, Veracruz]] and the [[Mexico City Metro]] station [[Metro Cuitláhuac]] are named in honor of Cuitláhuac. The [[asteroid]] [[2275 Cuitláhuac]] is also named after this ruler.
 
There is an Avenue in Mexico City Called Cuitláhuac (Eje 3 Norte) that runs from Avenue Insurgentes to Avenue Mexico-Tacuba and that is part of an inner ring; also many streets in other towns and villages in Mexico are so called.
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==References==
{{refbegin|indent=yes}}
:* {{cite book |author=Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin, Domingo de San Antón Muñón |authorlinkauthor-link=Chimalpahin |year=1997 |origyearorig-year=c.1621 |title=Codex Chimalpahin, vol. 1: society and politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Texcoco, Culhuacan, and other Nahua altepetl in central Mexico; the Nahuatl and Spanish annals and accounts collected and recorded by don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin |others=[[Arthur J.O. Anderson]] and Susan Schroeder (eds. and trans.), Susan Schroeder (general ed.), Wayne Ruwet (manuscript ed.) |series=Civilization of the American Indian series |number=225 |location=Norman |publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]] |isbn=978-0-8061-2921-1 |oclc=36017075}}
:* {{cite web |author=Wimmer, Alexis |year=2006 |url=http://sites.estvideo.net/malinal/nahuatl.page.html |title=Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl classique |format=online version, incorporating reproductions from ''Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl ou mexicaine'' [1885], by [[Rémi Siméon]]|accessdateaccess-date=2010-09-15}} {{in lang|fr icon}} {{|nah icon}}
 
{{refend}}
 
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{{s-aft|after=[[Cuauhtémoc]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Tenochtitlan rulers}}{{Authority control}}
 
<!--Tlatoani-->
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cuitlahuac}}
[[Category:Aztec nobility]]
[[Category:Tenochca tlatoque]]
[[Category:16th-century rulers]]
[[Category:16th-century monarchs in North America]]
[[Category:16th-century indigenous peopleleaders of the Americas]]
[[Category:1470s births]]
[[Category:1520 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths from smallpox]]
<!--Tlatoani-->
[[Category:1520 in Mexico]]<!--Tlatoani-->
[[Category:1520 in New Spain]]<!--Tlatoani-->
[[Category:16th century in the Aztec civilization]]
[[Category:1520 in North America]]
[[Category:1520s in the Aztec civilization]]
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