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{{Short description|Town in the Republic of Dagestan, Russia}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
|en_name=Kizlyar
|ru_name=Кизляр
|loc_name1=
|loc_lang1=
|loc_name2=Къызлар
|loc_lang2=Kumyk
|image_skyline=
|image_caption=Kizlyar Station
|coordinates = {{coord|43|51|N|46|43|E|display=inline,title}}
|map_label_position=right
|image_coa=Coat of Arms of Kizlyar (Dagestan) (1842).png
Line 25 ⟶ 24:
|federal_subject=[[Republic of Dagestan]]
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="Ref294" />
|adm_city_jur=[[City of federal subject significance|Town]] of Kizlyar
|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref294" />
Line 36 ⟶ 34:
|inhabloc_type=
|inhabloc_type_ref=
|urban_okrug_jur=Kizlyar Urban Okrug
|urban_okrug_jur_ref=<ref name="Ref416" />
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|area_km2=
|area_km2_ref=
|pop_2010census=
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census" />
|pop_density=
|pop_density_as_of=
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|prev_name1_date=
|prev_name1_ref=
|postal_codes=368830–368833, 368839, 368886
|dialing_codes=
|dialing_codes_ref=
|website=http://mo-kizlyar.ru
}}
'''Kizlyar''' ({{lang-ru|Кизля́р}}; {{lang-av|Гъизляр}}; {{lang-kum|Къызлар}}, ''Qızlar'') is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] in the [[Republic of Dagestan]], [[Russia]], located on the border with the [[Chechen Republic]] in the [[river delta|delta]] of the [[Terek River]] {{convert|221|km|sp=us}} northwest of [[Makhachkala]], the [[capital city|capital]] of the republic. As of the [[Russian Census (2010)|2010 Census]], its population was 48,984.<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref>
== Etymology ==
According to some researchers, the name of the city comes from an old name for the [[Terek River]]. Another translation of the name Kizlyar is from an unspecified [[Turkic languages|Turkic language]], meaning "girls".{{Efn|Kiz – "girl"; lar – plural.}} According to [[Vyacheslav Nikonov]], correct translation of this Turkic toponym is "red cliff".{{Efn|Kizl – "red"; yar – "cliff".}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tvordyy |first=Alexander Vasilievich |title=Топонимический словарь Северного Кавказа |edition=1, 2 |location=Krasnodar |publisher=Краснодарское книжное издательство |year=2006 |language=ru }}</ref>
==History==
The first documented reference to Kizlyar dates back to 1609, although some historians associate the place with [[Samandar (city)|Samandar]], the 8th-century capital of [[Khazaria]].{{citation needed|date= February 2012}} In 1735 the Russian government built a [[fortress]] in Kizlyar and laid foundations for the [[Caucasus]] fortified borderline. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Kizlyar operated as one of the [[trading post]]s between Russia and the [[Middle East]] and [[Central Asia]]. During this period, the population was largely [[Armenians|Armenian]] and [[Russians|Russian]]. In 1796 2,800 Armenians and 1,000 Russians lived in Kizlyar.<ref>Jane Burbank and David L. Ransel, ''Imperial Russia: New Histories of the Empire'' (Indiana University Press, 1998), 160.</ref> During the [[Russian Empire]], the settlement was the administrative capital of the [[Kizlyarsky Otdel]] of the [[Terek Oblast]]. In 1942 the Germans briefly took Kizylar (Kizjlar).
In January 1996 Chechen separatists raided the local airbase in the course of the [[Kizlyar raid]], which claimed the lives of seventy-eight Russian soldiers.
On 18 February 2018 five people were killed and five wounded after a [[2018 Kizlyar church shooting|shooting attack took place outside a Christian church]] in Kizlyar. Police killed the attacker in a shootout.<ref>TASS. [http://tass.com/world/990629 "TASS: World – Four killed, four wounded by unidentified shooter in Dagestan's Kizlyar"]. Retrieved 18th February 2018.
</ref><ref>
BBC News. [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-43105171 "Dagestan church shooting leaves five dead in Kizlyar"]. Retrieved 18th February 2018.
</ref>
==Administrative and municipal status==
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], Kizlyar serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Kizlyarsky District]],
==Demographics==
{{Infobox
|title=Kizlyar population
|label1=[[Russian Census (2021)|2021 Census]]
|data1=49,999<ref name="ВПН-2020" />{{verify source|date=September 2023|reason=Speculative fix for undefined reference}}
|label2=[[Russian Census (2010)|2010 Census]]
|data2=48,984<ref name="2010Census" />
|label3=[[Russian Census (2002)|2002 Census]]
|data3=48,457<ref name="2002Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}}</ref>
|label4=[[Soviet Census (1989)|1989 Census]]
|data4=39,748<ref name="1989Census">{{ru-pop-ref|1989Census}}</ref>
|label5=[[Soviet Census (1979)|1979 Census]]
|data5=31,320<ref name="1979Census">{{ru-pop-ref|1979Census}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[Russian Census (2021)|2021 Census]], the town's ethnic composition was as follows:<ref name="ВПН-2020">{{cite web |url=https://05.rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/5.2.%20%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%99%20%D0%A1%D0%9E%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%92%20%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%95%D0%9B%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%AF%20%D0%A0%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9F%D0%A3%D0%91%D0%9B%D0%98%D0%9A%D0%98%20%D0%94%D0%90%D0%93%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%A2%D0%90%D0%9D%20%D0%9F%D0%9E%20%D0%93%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%9C%20%D0%9E%D0%9A%D0%A0%D0%A3%D0%93%D0%90%D0%9C%20%D0%98%20%D0%9C%D0%A3%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%A6%D0%98%D0%9F%D0%90%D0%9B%D0%AC%D0%9D%D0%AB%D0%9C%20%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%99%D0%9E%D0%9D%D0%90%D0%9C.xlsx |title=Национальный состав населения |publisher=Rosstat|access-date=16 August 2023}}</ref>{{verify source|date=September 2023|reason=this link doesn't load for me, and I don't speak Russian}}
*[[Russians]] (35.5%)
*[[Avar people (Caucasus)|Avars]] (24.5%)
*[[Dargwa people|Dargins]] (15.5%)
*[[Kumyks]] (5.3%)
*[[Lezgian people|Lezgins]] (4.6%)
*[[Lak people (Dagestan)|Laks]] (4.2%)
*[[Tabasaran people|Tabasarans]] (2.0%)
*[[Azerbaijani people|Azerbaijanis]] (1.9%)
*[[Rutul people|Rutuls]] (1.5%)
*[[Nogais]] (1.2%)
==Economy==
In the early 19th century, Kizlyar became a center of [[viticulture]] and [[wine making]]. The local cognac factory ([[Kizlyar Brandy Factory]]) produces a variety of alcoholic beverages but specializes primarily in a regional variant of [[brandy]], marketed throughout Russia as "[[cognac (brandy)|cognac]]". ''[[Kizlyarka]]'' is a type of grape vodka produced in Kizlyar. Kizlyar is also known for traditional knife, dagger, and saber making.
==Climate==
Kizlyar has a [[cold semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]]: ''BSk'').
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location=Kizlyar
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|Jan high C= 1.0
|Feb high C= 2.2
|Mar high C= 7.3
|Apr high C = 16.3
|May high C = 23.1
|Jun high C = 27.7
|Jul high C = 30.2
|Aug high C = 29.6
|Sep high C = 23.9
|Oct high C = 16.5
|Nov high C = 9.1
|Dec high C = 3.7
| Jan mean C =-2.2
| Feb mean C =-1.3
| Mar mean C =3.5
| Apr mean C =11.1
| May mean C =17.8
| Jun mean C =22.4
| Jul mean C =25.1
| Aug mean C =24.3
| Sep mean C =18.8
| Oct mean C =12.0
| Nov mean C =5.7
| Dec mean C =0.9
|Jan low C = -5.7
|Feb low C = -4.3
|Mar low C = -0.3
|Apr low C = 6.0
|May low C = 12.5
|Jun low C = 17.1
|Jul low C = 20.0
|Aug low C = 19.0
|Sep low C = 13.8
|Oct low C = 7.6
|Nov low C = 2.4
|Dec low C = -1.9
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 17
|Feb precipitation mm = 19
|Mar precipitation mm = 20
|Apr precipitation mm = 31
|May precipitation mm = 39
|Jun precipitation mm = 47
|Jul precipitation mm = 28
|Aug precipitation mm = 23
|Sep precipitation mm = 30
|Oct precipitation mm = 31
|Nov precipitation mm = 28
|Dec precipitation mm = 21
|source 1 = Climate-Data.org<ref name = Climate-Data.org >{{cite web
| url = http://en.climate-data.org/location/5125/
| title = Climate: Kizlyar
| access-date =2016-02-27}}</ref>
}}
==Twin towns and sister cities==
{{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia}}
Kizlyar has [[twin towns and sister cities|sister city relationships]] with:<ref>[http://www.kizlyar-gorod.ru/obshestvo.html Kizlyar official site] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312021336/http://www.kizlyar-gorod.ru/obshestvo.html |date=March 12, 2009 }}</ref>
*[[Baku]], [[Azerbaijan]]
*[[Budyonnovsk]], [[Stavropol Krai]], Russia
*
==Notable people==
*[[Roman Bagration]] (1778–1834), general in the Imperial Russian Army
*[[Pyotr Bagration]] (1765-1812), general in the Imperial Russian Army
*[[Romanos Melikian]] (1883–1935), composer
*[[Rasul Mirzaev]] (born 1986), mixed martial artist
*[[Tagir Gadzhiev]] (born 1994), [[Russia national rugby union team|Russian]] international Rugby player.
== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
== External links==
{{Wikivoyage}}
== References ==
[[File:Крестовоздвиженский храм в Кизляре.jpg|thumb|[[Holy Cross Exaltation Monastery, Kizlyar|Holy Cross Exaltation Monastery]]]]
{{Reflist}}
=== Sources ===
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|da|adm|law}}
*{{RussiaAdmMunRef|da|mun|list}}
{{Republic of Dagestan}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Cities and towns in Dagestan]]
[[Category:Terek Oblast]]
[[Category:Wine regions of Russia]]
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