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{{Use Australian English|date=August 2019}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox Australian place
| type = suburb | name = Northcote
| city = Melbourne
| state = VIC
| image = Northcote Town Hall 01a.jpg
| caption = Northcote Town Hall
| lga = City of Darebin
| alternative_location_map = Australia Victoria metropolitan Melbourne
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in metropolitan Melbourne
| coordinates = {{coord|37.7722|S|144.9994|E|display=inline,title}}
|
| pop = 25,276
| pop_year = {{CensusAU|2021}}
| pop_footnotes = <ref name="abs">{{Census
| area = 6.3▼
|
▲| area = 6.3
| stategov = [[Electoral district of Northcote|Northcote]]▼
| est =
| fedgov = [[Division of Cooper|Cooper]]▼
▲| stategov = [[Electoral district of Northcote|Northcote]]
▲| fedgov = [[Division of Cooper|Cooper]]
| location1= [[Melbourne city centre|Melbourne]]▼
|
| dir1 = NE
| location2=▼
| dist2 =
| near-n = [[Thornbury, Victoria|Thornbury]]▼
▲| location2 =
| near-
| near-
| near-
| near-
| near-
| near-sw = [[Fitzroy North, Victoria|Fitzroy North]]
| near-s = [[Clifton Hill, Victoria|Clifton Hill]]
| local_map = yes
| zoom = 12
}}
'''Northcote''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=Northcote, Victoria pronunciation.ogg|ˈ|n|ɔː|θ|k|ə|t}}) is an inner suburb
==History==
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[[File:Karte Melbourne MKL1888.png|thumb|150px|Melbourne in 1888]]
The area now known as Northcote is on the traditional lands of the [[Wurundjeri]] people. According to the Darebin Historical Encyclopedia,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060906143350/http://dhe.darebin-libraries.vic.gov.au/encyclopedia.asp?id=737 Wurundjeri Person] Darebin Historical Encyclopedia</ref> European settlers knew the Wurundjeri as the 'Yarra' tribe. They were closely associated with the [[Yarra River]] and its subsidiaries, with various subgroups of the tribe owning lands at various spots on the course of the Yarra.
The southerly surveyed portion is now [[Westgarth (Victoria)|Westgarth]]. It was the area further north of present-day Westgarth which saw settlement and development, particularly around the mansion built by William Rucker on Bayview Street in 1842 (the area now known as Ruckers Hill). Large, expensive houses were built throughout the [[Victorian gold rush]] of the 1850s. Lower Plenty Road (or High Street as it is known today) became the central street of Northcote, instead of Westgarth Street as initially proposed. A bridge was built across the [[Merri Creek]] in 1858, making access to the area more convenient. Throughout the 1850s, churches, schools, and hotels were built. ([http://home.vicnet.net.au/~nhcs/Nhcstimeline.html see Timeline]). The Pilgrim Inn became the Red House hotel, at the back of which the owner, G. F. Goyder, constructed a racetrack, on which [[steeplechase (horse racing)|steeplechase]] and [[pedestrianism|walking]] races were conducted.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5775843 |title=Northcote Red-House Races |newspaper=[[The Argus (Melbourne)]] |issue=6,053 |location=Victoria, Australia |date=30 October 1865 |access-date=22 September 2022 |page=6 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref>
Throughout the 1880s, land in Northcote was relatively cheap
The Northcote Picture Theatre opened in 1912. Its building is now one of the oldest surviving picture theatres in Victoria.
The [[Preston and Northcote Community Hospital]] (commonly known as "PANCH")<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article71647297 |title=In focus |newspaper=[[The Argus (Melbourne)]] |location=Victoria, Australia |date=21 July 1956 |access-date=22 September 2022 |page=12 |via=National Library of Australia}}</ref> at 205 Bell Street, opened in 1958.
==Public transport==
Access to Northcote via public transport was initially via the [[Inner Circle railway line|Inner Circle line]], which when linked to the [[Hurstbridge railway line|Heidelberg line]] in 1888, ran close to the southern border of the suburb. The line to [[Whittlesea railway station,
===Bus===
Northcote has five railway stations along two lines. The [[Mernda railway line|Mernda line]] serves [[Merri railway station|Merri station]], [[Northcote railway station|Northcote station]] and [[Croxton railway station|Croxton station]]. The [[Hurstbridge railway line|Hurstbridge line]] serves [[Westgarth railway station|Westgarth station]] and [[Dennis railway station|Dennis station]].▼
Eight [[List of Melbourne bus routes|bus routes]] service Northcote:
* {{color box|015aaa|'''250'''|white}}: [[Melbourne central business district|Melbourne CBD]] ([[Queen Street, Melbourne|Queen Street]]) – [[La Trobe University]] ([[La Trobe University#Melbourne (Bundoora)|Bundoora Campus]]). Operated by [[Kinetic Melbourne]].<ref>{{cite PTV route|250}}</ref>
A cable tram began operations along High Street in 1890. {{Citation needed|date=February 2017}} It was replaced in the early 1940s by a double-decker bus service which was in turn replaced with an electric tram service in the 1950s (now [[Melbourne tram route 86|tram route 86]]). An electric tram service opened along [[St Georges Road]] in 1920 (now [[Melbourne tram route 11|tram route 11]]). Northcote is also served by [[List of Melbourne bus routes|bus routes]] along Separation Street, Westgarth Street and Victoria Road.▼
* {{color box|015aaa|'''251'''|white}}: Melbourne CBD (Queen Street) – [[Northland Shopping Centre]]. Operated by Kinetic Melbourne.<ref>{{cite PTV route|251}}</ref>
* {{color box|00acdd|'''506'''|white}}: [[Moonee Ponds Junction]] – [[Westgarth railway station|Westgarth station]] via [[Brunswick, Victoria|Brunswick]]. Operated by [[Dysons]].<ref>{{cite PTV route|506}}</ref>
* {{color box|d7171f|'''508'''|white}}: [[Alphington railway station|Alphington station]] – Moonee Ponds Junction via Northcote and Brunswick. Operated by [[Dysons]].<ref>{{cite PTV route|508}}</ref>
* {{color box|ed0277|'''510'''|white}}: [[Essendon railway station|Essendon station]] – [[Ivanhoe railway station, Melbourne|Ivanhoe station]] via [[Brunswick West, Victoria|Brunswick West]], [[Moreland railway station|Moreland station]], [[Thornbury, Victoria|Thornbury]] and [[Fairfield, Victoria|Fairfield]]. Operated by [[Kinetic Melbourne]].<ref>{{cite PTV route|510}}</ref>
* {{color box|f68b1f|'''546'''|white}}: [[Heidelberg railway station|Heidelberg station]] – [[Queen Victoria Market]] via [[Clifton Hill, Victoria|Clifton Hill]], [[Carlton, Victoria|Carlton]] and the [[University of Melbourne]]. Operated by Dysons.<ref>{{cite PTV route|546}}</ref>
* {{color box|00a54f|'''552'''|white}}: [[Reservoir, Victoria|North East Reservoir]] – [[Northcote Plaza]] via High Street. Operated by Dysons.<ref>{{cite PTV route|552}}</ref>
* {{color box|8c62aa|'''567'''|white}}: Northcote – [[Regent railway station|Regent station]] via Northland Shopping Centre. Operated by Dysons.<ref>{{cite PTV route|567}}</ref>
===Train===
== 21st century gentrification ==▼
▲Northcote has five railway stations along two lines. The [[Mernda railway line|Mernda line]] serves [[Merri railway station|Merri
Northcote as a suburb has undergone [[gentrification]] over the last 25 years. In the 1990s, Northcote was classified as a low socio-economic area relative to the rest of [[Melbourne]].<ref>{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/chic-ccdh/External_Reports/HD7379.A3%20A96%20no.%20160.pdf |title= Gentrification and displacement: the household impacts of neighbourhood change |date=2011 |website=ftp.cmhc-schl.gc.ca |access-date=2020-11-23}}</ref> During the 1996 to 2006 decade, the number of two earner households rose by ten percentage points; the share of households in the top income quintile went from 14 to 19 per cent; and, the percentage of persons age 15 years and above with a bachelor's degree or high rose from 14 to 27 per cent (a much greater increase than experience by Melbourne as a whole). In 2011, a report from the Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute at Swinburne and Monash universities revealed Northcote had experienced the most intense gentrification of any Melbourne suburb in recent years. In 2013, Northcote was one of only four Melbourne suburbs whose median house price was at an all-time peak.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ahuri.edu.au/research/ahuri-in-the-media|title=In the media|first=Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute|last=Limited|date=1 January 2016|website=AHURI}}</ref> This has resulted in a significant change in the demographics of the suburb. An AHURI report states that between 2001 and 2006, almost 35 per cent of the members of vulnerable groups, including low-income households, single parent families and immigrants, had moved out of the area.▼
===Tram===
Since 2006, the most significant increases in occupation have come from those working in professional and managerial roles, with less residents now living in Northcote employed in manual labour positions. As a result, residents of Northcote now earn on average $1536 a week, $200 per week higher than the [[Melbourne]] average.<ref>[https://localstats.com.au/demographics/vic/melbourne/north/northcote Northcote Demographics (VIC)] Local Stats</ref> These changes in the population and demographics of Northcote and the greater [[Darebin]] area, have led to increases in the amount of [[cafes]], [[bar (establishment)|bar]]s, [[restaurants]] and other small businesses operating in the region. Estimates suggest that the greater Darebin area has seen its [[gross regional product]] increase by $1 billion in the last 10 years, to $5.23 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://economy.id.com.au/darebin|title=Economic profile | darebin | economy.id|website=economy.id.com.au}}</ref>▼
▲A [[Trams in Melbourne|cable tram]] began operations along High Street in 1890.
In 2011, 68.9% of residents in Northcote were born in Australia. However, 54% of those residents born in Australia had at least one parent born overseas, and 38.7% had both parents born overseas. This reflects the large numbers of second-generation families living in the area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/SSC21035|title=2011 Census QuickStats: Northcote|website=quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au}}</ref>▼
▲Northcote as a suburb has undergone [[gentrification]] over the last 25 years. In the 1990s, Northcote was classified as a low socio-economic area relative to the rest of [[Melbourne]].<ref>{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/chic-ccdh/External_Reports/HD7379.A3%20A96%20no.%20160.pdf |title= Gentrification and displacement: the household impacts of neighbourhood change |date=2011 |website=ftp.cmhc-schl.gc.ca |access-date=2020-11-23}}</ref> During the 1996 to 2006 decade, the number of two earner households rose by ten percentage points; the share of households in the top income quintile went from 14 to 19 per cent; and, the percentage of persons age 15 years and above with a bachelor's degree or high rose from 14 to 27 per cent (a much greater increase than experience by Melbourne as a whole).
▲Since 2006, the most significant increases in occupation have come from those working in professional and managerial roles, with less residents now living in Northcote employed in manual labour positions. As a result, residents of Northcote now earn on average $1536 a week, $200 per week higher than the [[Melbourne]] average.<ref>[https://localstats.com.au/demographics/vic/melbourne/north/northcote Northcote Demographics (VIC)] Local Stats</ref> These changes in the population and demographics of Northcote and the greater [[City of Darebin|Darebin]] area, have led to increases in the amount of [[cafes]], [[bar (establishment)|bar]]s, [[restaurants]] and other small businesses operating in the region. Estimates suggest that the greater Darebin area has seen its [[gross regional product]] increase by $1 billion in the last 10 years, to $5.23 billion.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://economy.id.com.au/darebin|title=Economic profile | darebin | economy.id|website=economy.id.com.au}}</ref>
*Greek (9.5%)▼
*Italian (4.5%)▼
▲In
*Vietnamese (1.2%)▼
The most common languages spoken in Northcote other than English are:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/SAL21971|title=2021 Census QuickStats: Northcote|website=www.abs.gov.au}}</ref>
*Mandarin (1.0%)
*Spanish (0.9%)
==Parks==
===All Nations Park===
'''All Nations Park''' is located adjacent to the [[Northcote Plaza|Northcote Plaza Shopping Centre]] (which itself opened in October 1981 at the site of the old brickworks).
All Nations Park is a contemporary 13 hectare regional park created on the site of the former Northcote brickworks. When the brickworks closed the site became a tip. In the 1980s, the rubbish still remaining in the site was sealed beneath a compacted clay 'cap', and was then covered in soil, including the formation of an artificial hill which newcomers to the area sometimes mistake for Ruckers Hill (actually located a few hundred metres to the southeast). There are also vents built into the ground to vent the gases produced by the landfill underneath, which prevents pressure under the soil from building up and potentially causing an explosion.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060825131202/http://www.darebin.vic.gov.au/Files/northcote_landfill_report_all_nations.pdf Northcote Tip Park Masterplan] Collie Landscape and Design Pty Ltd for Darebin City Council</ref>
There are skating facilities, as well as basketball courts, play equipment and picnic facilities. There is a lot of open space. There is also a large native garden giving special attention to plants indigenous to the area, and a series of ponds.
The park was also the location of a December 2008 shooting involving [[Victoria Police|police]] and a 15-year-old boy named [[Tyler Cassidy]]. Cassidy was shot several times and died on location.,<ref>{{cite news|title=<nowiki>Timeline [of events on 11 December 2008]</nowiki> |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=12 December 2008|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/national/timeline/2008/12/12/1228585101265.html}}</ref> Tyler Cassidy is the youngest person confirmed to have been killed by Police in Australia.
===
'''Gumbri Park''', formerly '''Batman Park''', (Coordinates {{coord|37.768054|S|144.9926958|E}} ) is
===Johnson Park===
Johnson Park is a popular large neighbourhood park of almost two hectares. The land Johnson Park occupies was purchased by the former
==Politics==
The [[Electoral district of Northcote|state seat of Northcote]] is currently represented by [[Kat Theophanous]], a member of the [[Australian Labor Party|Labor Party]] and the [[Federation|federal]] [[Division of Cooper|seat of Cooper]], which covers Northcote, is held by [[Ged Kearney]], also from the ALP. The state seat of Northcote was one of the safest Labor seats in the entire country, being held by a Labor member continuously from 1927 to 2017. After a steady increase in their primary vote from the early 2000s, [[Australian Greens|The Greens]] eventually won the seat in the [[2017 Northcote state by-election|2017 by-election]] following the death of Labor member [[Fiona Richardson]], represented by [[Lidia Thorpe]]. Labor then regained the seat following the [[2018 Victorian state election]].
The ALP in Northcote has been the subject of a number of academic studies. Ethnic branches were established in Northcote during 1975, the first in Victoria.<ref>Andrew Lemon, (1983), ''The Northcote Side of the River'', Hargreen Publishing Company, North Melbourne, p.268 . {{ISBN|0-949905-12-7}}</ref> The first branches were Westgarth, a Greek branch, and Croxton, an Italian branch.<ref>Lyle Allan (1978), 'Ethnic Politics - Migrant Organization and the Victorian ALP', ''Ethnic Studies'', Vol.2, No.2, pp.21-31</ref> An additional Greek branch, Northcote East, was also established in the area.<ref>Lyle Allan (1985), 'Ethnic Politics in the ALP', in P.R. Hay, J.Halligan, J.Warhurst, B. Costar (eds.), ''Essays on Victorian Politics'', Warrnambool Institute Press, p.136 {{ISBN|0949759066}}</ref>
The 2022 Victorian State Election campaign has seen alleged vandalism of election advertisements, particularly targeted at ALP Candidate Kat Theophanous.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Royall |first=Ian |date=12 October 2022 |title=Labor MP responds to 'cowards' who defaced her election billboards with offensive messages |work=Herald Sun |url=https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/victoria/alp-call-police-and-accuse-greens-of-dirty-tricks-after-northcote-candidates-signs-defaced/news-story/8ce77497e7d9668471b45e509304909b |access-date=28 October 2022}}</ref>
==Sport==
The area surrounding Northcote is home to local sporting teams:
* [[Northcote Cricket Club]], which plays in [[Victorian Premier Cricket]], the top level of district cricket in Victoria.
* [[Northcote City SC]] who compete in the [[Victorian Premier League]], second tier behind the [[A-League]].
* Northcote Swimming & Lifesaving Club Inc.
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* [[Northcote Park Football Club]], an [[Australian rules football]] team, competes in the [[Northern Football League (Australia)|Northern Football League]].<ref name = "footy">{{Citation | last = Full Points Footy | title = Northern Football League | url = http://www.fullpointsfooty.net/diamond_valley_football_league.htm | access-date = 15 April 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090309154518/http://fullpointsfooty.net/diamond_valley_football_league.htm | archive-date = 9 March 2009 | url-status = dead }}</ref>
* Northcote Junior Football Club (NJFC), a junior [[Australian rules football]] team allied with Northcote Park, competes in the [[Northern Football League (Australia)|Northern Football League]] junior division.
* Golfers play at the course of the Northcote Golf Club on Normanby Avenue, in the neighbouring suburb of [[Thornbury, Victoria|Thornbury]].<ref name = "golf">{{Citation | author= Golf Select | title = Northcote | url = http://www.golfselect.com.au/armchair/courseView.aspx?course_id=677 | access-date = 11 May 2009 }}</ref>
==Schools==
* Pender's Grove Primary School (Government co-ed primary school)
* Wales Street Primary School (Government co-ed primary school)
* Westgarth Primary School (Government co-ed primary school)
*
* [[Santa Maria College, Melbourne|Santa Maria College]] (Catholic all-girls high school)
* [[Northcote High School]] (Government co-ed high school)
* St. Josephs Primary School (Catholic co-ed primary school)
==Notable people==
* [[Bill Barry (politician)|Bill Barry]]
* [[Nick Birbilis]] – Executive Dean of Science, Engineering and Built Environment at [[Deakin University]] and notable academic in the field of materials science and engineering
* [[Alan Bird]]
* Cameron Bird
* [[
* [[John Cain (
* [[John Cain (junior)]] – 41st Victorian Premier
* [[Don Chipp]] * [[Goldie Collins|Goldsmith Collins]]
* Scod (Scott Edgar), Yon (Simon Hall) and Gatesy (Steven Gates)
* [[Bill Henson]]
* [[Douglas Nicholls]]
*
* [[Jack Regan]]
* [[Normie Rowe]] - Popular singer and songwriter.
* [[John Tasioulas]]
* [[Frank Wilkes]] – former Leader of the Opposition in Victorian Parliament
* [[Frank Wilson (Australian actor)|Frank Wilson]] * Metal band [[Blood Duster]]
==See also==
* [[City of Northcote]]
==References==
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[[Category:Suburbs of Melbourne]]
[[Category:Suburbs of the City of Darebin]]
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