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{{Short description|Person who serves as President when an incumbent is unavailable}}
An individual discharging the duties, responsibilities, or powers incumbent in a President due to death, incapacity, disability or other inability of the President to serve.
{{Use American English|date = March 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date = March 2019}}
 
An '''acting president''' is a [[Acting (law)|person who temporarily fills]] the role of a country's [[president (government title)|president]] when the [[incumbent]] president is unavailable (such as by illness or a vacation) or when the post is vacant (such as for death, injury, [[resignation]], dismissal). The following articles detail the constitutional role of an acting president in various countries:
== Acting Presidents in American Government ==
In the [[United States of America|United States]], the [[25th amendment]] to the Constitution defines how someone becomes Acting President. Under the amendment, there are two ways an Acting President may be installed:
 
*[[Vice President of Chile]]
(1) Through a declaration (letter) written by the President and delivered to the Speaker of the House and President Pro Tempore of the Senate, advising them that he/she is "unable to discharge the powers and duties" of the office. Upon the receipt by the leaders of the House and Senate, and until the President sends to them a second declaration stating that the disability no longer exists, the Vice President becomes Acting President.
* [[Acting President of Colombia]]
*[[List of presidents of the Senate of France#Acting President of the French Republic|Acting President of France]]
*[[President of Georgia#Succession and Acting president|Acting President of Georgia]]
*[[President of the German Bundesrat#Deputy to the Federal President|Acting Head of State of Germany]]
*[[Interim and Acting President of Israel]]
*[[Sjafruddin Emergency Cabinet|Acting President of Indonesia (Emergency Cabinet)]]
*[[List of presidents of Italy#Substitute of the head of state|Acting President of Italy]]
*[[Acting President of Kazakhstan]]
*[[President of Moldova#Acting president|Acting President of Moldova]]
*[[Pakistani presidential line of succession|Acting President of Pakistan]]
*[[Acting President of Poland]]
*[[Acting President of Russia]]
*[[Sri Lankan presidential line of succession|Acting President of Sri Lanka]]
*[[Acting President of Turkey]]
*[[Acting President of the United States]]
 
== See also ==
(2) Through a declaration written by the Vice President together with a majority of the members of the President's cabinet, declaring that the President is incapable of service. Also sent to the Speaker of the House and President Pro Tempore of the Senate, this declaration remains in place until the President declares he is able to resume office.
* [[Interim management]]
* [[Provisional government]]
 
{{set index article}}
The first scenario, where the President voluntarily transfers power, has occurred twice thus far in American history:
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Category:Government occupations]]
- On July 13, 1985, President [[Ronald Reagan]] underwent surgery to remove cancerous polyps from his colon. At 11:28 that morning he transferred power to Vice President [[George Herbert Walker Bush|George Bush]], but resumed constitutional authority at 7:22 that evening, after recovering from anesthesia.
[[Category:Presidencies]]
 
- On June 29, 2002, President [[George W. Bush]] underwent a colonoscopy procedure which required sedation. At 7:09 that morning he transferred power to Vice President [[Richard Bruce Cheney|Dick Cheney]], resuming constitutional authority at 9:24 that morning.
 
The second scenario, where the Vice President and the President's cabinet in effect oust the President from office, has yet to occur. This is in part due to a fear that such action would be seen by the American public as a "legal coup de etat." In certain rare cases however (such as the assassination attempt on President [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] on March 30, 1981, for example) use of this method of installing an Acting President would have been easily justified.
 
== For More Information ==
 
* [http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/3/19.html US Code: Title 3, Chapter 1, Section 19]
* [http://www.jsonline.com/news/nat/ap/sep03/ap-presidential-su092003.asp Presidential Line of Succession Examined], September 20, 2003
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