Palestinian handicrafts: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Hebron glass II.jpg|250px|thumb|Hebron glass]]
 
'''Palestinian handicrafts''' are [[handicrafts]] produced by [[Palestinian people]] or individuals. A wide variety of handicrafts, many of which have been produced by [[ArabDemographic history of Palestine (region)|Palestine's inhabitants]]s in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] for hundreds of years, continue to be produced today. Palestinian handicrafts include [[embroidery]] work, [[pottery]]-making, [[soap]]-making, [[Glass production|glass-making]], [[weaving]], and [[olive]]-wood and [[Mother of Pearl]] carvings, among others.<ref name=Jacobs>Jacobs et al., 1998, p. 72.</ref><ref name=Karmi>[[Ghada Karmi]], 2005, p. 18.</ref> Some Palestinian cities in the [[West Bank]], particularly [[Bethlehem]], [[Hebron]] and [[Nablus]] have gained renown for specializing in the production of a particular handicraft, with the sale and export of such items forming a key part of each cities' economy.
 
==Embroidery and weaving==
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[[File:Gaza rug.jpg|thumb|Woolen rug from Gaza]]
{{Palestinians}}
An exclusively female artistic tradition,<ref name=Pollock>Pollock and Bernback et al., 2004, p. 76.</ref> embroidery has been a key feature of traditional Palestinian costumes for hundreds of yearscenturies. Two main types of embroidery are ''[[tatreez]]'' ([[cross-stitch]] embroidery) and ''tahriri'' ([[couching]]-stitch embroidery).<ref name=Sunbula/>
 
The production of cloth for [[Palestinian traditional costumes|traditional Palestinian costumes]] and for export throughout the [[Arab world]] was a key industry of the destroyed village of [[Ashkelon#History of the modern city|Majdal]]. Malawi weaving, as the technique is known, is woven by a male weaver on a single treadle [[loom]], using black and indigo cotton threads combined with fuchsia and turquoise silk threads. While the village no longer exists today, the craft of Majdalawi weaving continues as part of a cultural preservation project run by the [https://atfalunacrafts.com/ Atfaluna Crafts] organization and the Arts and Crafts Village in [[Gaza City]].<ref name=Sunbula>{{cite web|title=Craft Traditions of Palestine|publisher=Sunbula|url=http://www.sunbula.org/crafttrad.shtml|access-date=2008-04-18 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080321111836/http://www.sunbula.org/crafttrad.shtml <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 2008-03-21}}</ref>
 
Gaza was a center for cloth production, famous for a fine [[silk]] produced there that was known as ''gazzatum''. Imported to Europe as early as the 13th century, this fabric later gave its name to the loose weave fabric known today as [[gauze]].<ref name=Garrisonp261>Garrison, 2008, p. 261.</ref>
 
[[Bedouin]]Weaving weaving iswas traditionally carried out by [[bedouin]] women to create household items suited for the life in the desert. The thread is spun from sheep's wool, colored with natural dyes, and woven into a fabric using a ground loom and the strong fabric produced is used for tents, rugs, pillows, and other domestic items.<ref name=Sunbula/>
 
A [[Galilee]] craftsman who learned the art of straw weaving from his grandmother is showing an exhibit of ''tabaqs'' (woven trays) and other items at the [[Ein Dor]] Archaeological Museum, based on heirloom weaving techniques.<ref>[https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/2023-07-12/ty-article-magazine/.premium/the-man-reviving-palestinian-womens-weaving/00000189-4047-d9a2-a5af-58f781b20000 The Man Reviving Palestinian Women's Weaving], [[Haaretz]]</ref>
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Nabulsi soap is a type of [[castile soap]] produced only in [[Nablus]] in the [[West Bank]].<ref name=Piefza>{{cite web|title=Palestinian Industries|url=http://www.piefza.org/a_pal_industries.htm|publisher=Piefza.com|access-date=2008-03-28|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070614000406/http://www.piefza.org/a_pal_industries.htm|archive-date=2007-06-14}}</ref> An [[olive oil]]-based [[soap]], it is made up of three primary ingredients: virgin olive oil, [[water]], and a [[sodium]] compound.<ref name=IMEU>{{cite web|title=Nablus' olive oil soap: a Palestinian tradition lives on|author=Michael Phillips|publisher=[[Institute for Middle East Understanding]] (IMEU)|date=March 11, 2008|access-date=2008-03-27|url=http://imeu.net/news/article008132.shtml|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720073112/http://imeu.net/news/article008132.shtml|archive-date=July 20, 2008}}</ref> Nabulsi workers who make the soap are proud of its unique smell, which they see as a signifier of the quality and purity of its ingredients.<ref name=SEMP>{{cite web|title=Nablus Soap: Cleaning Middle Eastern Ears for Centuries|publisher=Suburban Emergency Management Project|date=September 20, 2006|access-date=2008-03-27|url=http://www.semp.us/publications/biot_reader.php?BiotID=402}}</ref>
 
Long reputed to be a fine product,<ref name=SEMP/> since as early as the 10th century, Nabulsi soap has been [[export]]ed across the [[Arab world]] and even to [[Europe]].<ref name=IMEU/> Though the number of soap factories has plummeted from a peak of thirty in the 19th century to only two today, efforts to preserve this important part of [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] and Nabulsi cultural heritage continue.<ref name=IMEU/><ref name=SEMP/> Until today, in Nablus, you can find Nabulsi soap beautifully stacked into towers by street vendors, awaiting purchase.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kassis |first=Reem |title=We Are Palestinian: A Celebration of Culture and Tradition |date=2023 |publisher=Studio Press |isbn=978-1800783287}}</ref>
 
== Bamboo furniture ==
The Palestinians have a long history in creating both furniture and household objects. This skill was handed down for generations, although has dwindled in recent years. [[Bamboo]] made its way to the area from the [[Far East]] along the [[Silk Road]] and was processed by the buyers. The bamboo is boiled, scraped, burnt and then dried in order to harden it into shapes. No machines are used in the production of Palestinian furniture, it is completely man-made by between one and three men.<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/04/gaza-bamboo-furniture-deteriorating-economic-crisis.html
| title = Gaza's dying bamboo crafts industry - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East
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| language = en
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| url = httphttps://articleswww.chicagotribune.com/1987-/12-/23/business/8704050466_1_gaza-stripcheap-arab-laborerslabor-westmay-bankprove-costly-for-israel/
| title = Cheap Arab Labor May Prove Costly For Israel
| website = tribunedigital-chicagotribune