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{{Short description|Handmade products of Palestine}}
[[File:Six cushions from Palestine.jpg|thumb|250px|Palestinian embroidery]]
'''PALESTINIAN's HANDICRAFTS''' are [[handicrafts]] produced by [[Palestinian people]]. A wide variety of handicrafts, many of which have been produced by [[Arab]]s in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]] for hundreds of years, continue to be produced today. Palestinian handicrafts include [[embroidery]] work, [[pottery]]-making, [[soap]]-making, [[Glass production|glass-making]], [[weaving]], and [[olive]]-wood and [[Mother of Pearl]] carvings, among others.<ref name=Jacobs>Jacobs et al., 1998, p. 72.</ref><ref name=Karmi>[[Ghada Karmi]], 2005, p. 18.</ref> Some Palestinian cities in the [[West Bank]], particularly [[Bethlehem]], [[Hebron]] and [[Nablus]] have gained renown for specializing in the production of a particular handicraft, with the sale and export of such items forming a key part of each cities' economy.▼
▲'''
==Embroidery and weaving==
{{main|Palestinian costumes}}
{{further|Islamic embroidery}}
{{Palestinians}}
An exclusively female artistic tradition,<ref name=Pollock>Pollock and Bernback et al., 2004, p. 76.</ref> embroidery has been a key feature of traditional Palestinian costumes for
The production of cloth for [[Palestinian traditional costumes|traditional Palestinian costumes]] and for export throughout the [[Arab world]] was a key industry of the destroyed village of [[Ashkelon#History of the modern city|Majdal]].
Gaza
▲An exclusively female artistic tradition,<ref name=Pollock>Pollock and Bernback et al., 2004, p. 76.</ref> embroidery has been a key feature of traditional Palestinian costumes for hundreds of years. Two main types of embroidery are ''tatreez'' ([[cross-stitch]] embroidery) and ''tahriri'' ([[couching]]-stitch embroidery).<ref name=Sunbula/>
▲The production of cloth for traditional Palestinian costumes and for export throughout the [[Arab world]] was a key industry of the destroyed village of [[Ashkelon#History of the modern city|Majdal]]. Majdalawi weaving, as the technique is known, is woven by a male weaver on a single treadle [[loom]], using black and indigo cotton threads combined with fuchsia and turquoise silk threads. While the village no longer exists today, the craft of Majdalawi weaving continues as part of a cultural preservation project run by the Atfaluna Crafts organization and the Arts and Crafts Village in [[Gaza City]].<ref name=Sunbula>{{cite web|title=Craft Traditions of Palestine|publisher=Sunbula|url=http://www.sunbula.org/crafttrad.shtml|accessdate=2008-04-18 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080321111836/http://www.sunbula.org/crafttrad.shtml <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archivedate = 2008-03-21}}</ref>
▲[[File:Gaza rug.jpg|thumb|left|Modern woolen rug from Gaza.]]
▲Gaza itself was a center for cloth production, famous for a fine [[silk]] produced there that was known as ''gazzatum''. Imported to Europe as early as the 13th century, this fabric later gave its name to the loose weave fabric known today as [[gauze]].<ref name=Garrisonp261>Garrison, 2008, p. 261.</ref>
A [[Galilee]] craftsman who learned the art of straw weaving from his grandmother is showing an exhibit of ''tabaqs'' (woven trays) and other items at the [[Ein Dor]] Archaeological Museum, based on heirloom weaving techniques.<ref>[https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/2023-07-12/ty-article-magazine/.premium/the-man-reviving-palestinian-womens-weaving/00000189-4047-d9a2-a5af-58f781b20000 The Man Reviving Palestinian Women's Weaving], [[Haaretz]]</ref>
▲[[Bedouin]] weaving is traditionally carried out by women to create household items suited for the life in the desert. The thread is spun from sheep's wool, colored with natural dyes, and woven into a fabric using a ground loom and the strong fabric produced is used for tents, rugs, pillows, and other domestic items.<ref name=Sunbula/>
==Glass-making==
{{main|Hebron glass}}
A key [[Hebron]] industry, glass has been produced in the city since the [[Ancient Rome|Roman rule]] in Palestine.
As the quote says: "If Hebron could boast of its glass bracelets, its big he-goat skins, and its fine grapes; if Gaza was still the granary of Palestine; if Lydda was reputed for its oil markets and mat industry; Nablus could point with pride to its soap manufactories."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Blog {{!}} ATF |url=https://arabthought.org/en/blog/120/preserving-heritage-exploring-the-rich-tapestry-of-traditional-palestinian-handicrafts |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=arabthought.org |language=en}}</ref> ▼
▲[[File:Hebron glass II.jpg|thumb|Hebron glass. circa 1960.]]
Hebron has continued for centuries to be considered as a center for high quality glass making.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gandy |first=Walter |title=The Romance of Glass-making: A Sketch of the History of Ornamental Glass |publisher=S.W. Partridge |year=1898}}</ref>
▲"If Hebron could boast of its glass bracelets, its big he-goat skins, and its fine grapes; if Gaza was still the granary of Palestine; if Lydda was reputed for its oil markets and mat industry; Nablus could point with pride to its soap manufactories."
==Olive-wood carving==
{{main|Olive wood carving in Palestine}}
[[File:Olive wood camel.jpg|thumb|Olive wood camel made in Bethlehem
According to the [[Bethlehem]] municipality, [[olive]]-wood carving is thought to have begun in [[Bethlehem]] in the 4th century CE, following the construction of the [[Church of the Nativity]]. At the time, [[Christianity|Christian]] monks taught how to make craft to the city's residents. Though its exact origins are obscure, one of the earliest olive-wood handicrafts were rosary beads carved from olive pits.<ref name="BM">[http://www.bethlehem-city.org/English/City/Heritage/HnadCraft.php Handicrafts: Olive-wood] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071121193814/http://www.bethlehem-city.org/English/City/Heritage/HnadCraft.php |date=2007-11-21 }} Bethlehem Municipality.</ref>
Olive-wood is ideal for craft-making being resistant to decay and receptive to a number of surfacing treatments. The wood is usually carved using simple hand tools. Today, rough cutting is carried out using machines programmed with a design model, though fine work, such as work with facial structures, must be chiseled by hand.<ref name="BM"/>
Olive-wood carvings
==Mother of pearl carvings==
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==Pottery==
{{main|Palestinian pottery}}
Palestinian pottery shows a remarkable continuity throughout the ages. Modern Palestinian pots, bowls, jugs and cups, particularly those produced prior to the establishment of Israel in 1948, are similar in shape, fabric and decoration to their ancient equivalents.<ref name=Needler75>Needler, 1949, p. 75.</ref> Cooking pots, jugs, mugs and plates that are still hand-made,
==Soap-making==
{{main|Nabulsi soap}}
Nabulsi soap is a type of [[castile soap]] produced only in [[Nablus]] in the [[West Bank]].<ref name=Piefza>{{cite web|title=Palestinian Industries|url=http://www.piefza.org/a_pal_industries.htm|publisher=Piefza.com|
Long reputed to be a fine product,<ref name=SEMP/> since as early as the 10th century, Nabulsi soap has been [[export]]ed across the [[Arab world]] and even to [[Europe]].<ref name=IMEU/> Though the number of soap factories has plummeted from a peak of thirty in the 19th century to only two today, efforts to preserve this important part of [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] and Nabulsi cultural heritage continue.<ref name=IMEU/><ref name=SEMP/> Until today, in Nablus, you can find Nabulsi soap beautifully stacked into towers by street vendors, awaiting purchase.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Kassis |first=Reem |title=We Are Palestinian: A Celebration of Culture and Tradition |date=2023 |publisher=Studio Press |isbn=978-1800783287}}</ref>
== Bamboo furniture ==
| url = http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/04/gaza-bamboo-furniture-deteriorating-economic-crisis.html
| title = Gaza's dying bamboo crafts industry - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East
| website = Al-Monitor
| date = 23 April 2015
| language = en-us
| access-date = 2016-02-28
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| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC
| title = Cities of the Middle East and North Africa: A Historical Encyclopedia
|
|
| last2 = Stanley
| first2 = Bruce E.
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| language = en
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| url =
| title = Cheap Arab Labor May Prove Costly For Israel
| website = tribunedigital-chicagotribune
| date = 23 December 1987
| access-date = 2016-02-28
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| date = 6 March 2013
| title = Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
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| department = Report on Palestine and other occupied Arab territories
| journal = Human Rights Council
| language =
| issue = 22
| access-date = February 28, 2016
}}</ref>
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==Bibliography==
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{{refend}}{{Palestine topics}}
[[Category:Palestinian handicrafts| ]]▼
▲[[Category:Palestinian handicrafts]]
[[Category:History of Palestine (region)]]
[[Category:Economy of the State of Palestine]]
[[Category:Palestinian inventions]]
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