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{{short description|Road in England}}
{{For|other roads designated "A11"|A11 roads}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April
{{EngvarB|date=April 2014}}
{{Infobox road
|country=
|maint = [[
|type=A
|route=11
Line 15 ⟶ 16:
|terminus_b = [[Norwich]]
|destinations= [[Stratford, London|Stratford]] <br>[[Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket]]<br>[[Thetford]]<br>[[Bishop's Stortford]]<br>[[Harlow]]<br>[[Woodford, London|Woodford]]
|junction =
| previous_type = A
| previous_route = 10
| next_type = A
| next_route = 12
}}
The '''A11''' is a major [[Trunk Road|trunk road]] in England. It
It also multiplexes/overlaps with the [[A14 road (Great Britain)|A14]] on the [[Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket]] [[Bypass route|bypass]].
==Route==
===City of London===
All this part has been declassified and is now a minor road. Thus the A11 now starts at [[Aldgate]], just inside the eastern boundary of the [[City of London]]. The first stretch is [[Whitechapel High Street]], east of the junction with Mansell Street. In a complex reworking of the roads since the days of the Aldgate gyratory system, it is two-way, but the east-bound section is part of the ring-road that retained a one-way system south of this junction, but the
===Tower Hamlets===
East of Aldgate station, the A11 enters the [[London Borough of Tower Hamlets]] and the [[East End of London]]. It becomes [[Whitechapel High Street]] (containing [[Aldgate East tube station|Aldgate East Underground station]]), again part of the Aldgate one-way system. The A11 passes through [[Whitechapel]], past [[Whitechapel tube station|Whitechapel station]] and the [[Royal London Hospital]].
[[File:Mile end green bridge 1.jpg|thumb|left|The A11 is named Mile End Road where it runs through [[Mile End]]; the Green Bridge carries [[Mile End Park]] over the A11 / Mile End Road]]It becomes Mile End Road at the eastern end of [[Whitechapel Road]], at Mile End Gate, the former toll gate for the turnpike There is a dual carriageway flyover over the [[Bow Interchange]] roundabout, a junction with the [[A12 road (Great Britain)|A12]]. However
===Cambridgeshire and Suffolk===
[[File:A11 - A1307 bridge near Babraham, Cambridgeshire.jpg|thumb|Passing south underneath the [[A1307 road|A1307]] Junction near to [[Babraham]], Cambridgeshire.]]
The
The A11 formerly went through [[Newmarket, Suffolk|Newmarket]]; that stretch is now the [[A1304 road|A1304]]. The Newmarket bypass, opened to traffic in July 1975,<ref name=Autocar1975>{{cite journal| title = News: And Newmarket by-pass| journal = [[Autocar (magazine)|Autocar]] | volume = 143 (nbr 4105)|pages=27 |date = 12 July 1975}}</ref> is a dual carriageway. The western end is the A11, but most of its length is a multiplex/overlap with the [[A14 road (Great Britain)|A14]]. The A11 re-appears north-east of Newmarket, and remained a dual carriageway. The road bypasses Barton Mills before entering Norfolk in the [[Thetford Forest]], passing the 113-foot-tall ({{convert|113|ft|m|adj=on|disp=output only}}) Elveden War Memorial. This section of the road opened as a dual carriageway on 12 December 2014. This completes the dualling of the trunk road between Norwich and London.
Line 39 ⟶ 48:
[[File:Thickthorn Interchange - geograph.org.uk - 73633.jpg|thumb|215px|right|''Thickthorn Interchange'' between the [[A47 road (Great Britain)|A47]] and A11.]]
The upgrading of the final section of single carriageway 'Thetford Straight' between [[Barton Mills]] and [[Thetford]] (opened December 2014) means the road is dual carriageway all the way to Norwich. The road continues northeast bypassing [[Thetford]], [[Attleborough]] and [[Wymondham]]. The A11 originally ran through the centre of all three towns giving rise to congestion which frequently became the focus of delays on the route. It also passes the [[Snetterton Circuit]] motor racing venue. On entering Norwich, it becomes single carriageway again and is called Newmarket Road. It terminates at the St Stephens Street [[roundabout]] near the city centre.
Various sections of the A11 between the junction with the M11 in Cambridgeshire and Norwich have recently been upgraded to [[dual carriageway]]. The Roudham Heath to Attleborough section was dualled in 2003<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/4259.aspx
|title=A11 Roudham Heath to Attleborough Dualling
|
|publisher=Highways Agency
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704153435/http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/4259.aspx
|archive-date=4 July 2008
}}</ref>
and the Attleborough bypass was dualed in 2007.<ref>{{cite web
Line 55 ⟶ 63:
|title=A11 Attleborough Bypass Improvement
|publisher=Highways Agency
|
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080906162700/http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/4253.aspx
|archive-date=6 September 2008
}}</ref>
The previously single carriageway road between Thetford and the Fiveways roundabout is now dual carriageway and opened in December 2014.
Line 66 ⟶ 73:
=== London ===
{{Cycleway 2}}
At Bow, where the A11 meets the A12,
=== Norwich ===
The [[Wymondham]] to [[Sprowston]] Pedalway runs along the A11/Newmarket Road. To the west, the Pedalway joins the A11 at [[Eaton, Norfolk|Eaton]]. Westbound destinations include [[Cringleford]], [[Hethersett]], and Wymondham. Running northeast, the Pedalway is signposted along a shared-use path adjacent to the Newmarket-bound (westbound) carriageway. The route crosses the A140/Daniels Road and continues along Newmarket Road as a shared-use path. It leaves the A11 in a northerly direction at the junction with the A1056/Ipswich Road. The route runs through Norwich City Centre to Sprowston.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Norwich Cycle Map|url=https://www.norwich.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/3488/norwich_cycle_map.pdf|website=[[Norwich City Council]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511090142/https://www.norwich.gov.uk/download/downloads/id/3488/norwich_cycle_map.pdf|archive-date=
==Completed improvements==
Line 90 ⟶ 98:
}}
Proposals to dual 14.8 km of the road between the Fiveways Roundabout at [[Barton Mills]], bypassing Elveden to the North and joining the western end of the [[Thetford]] Bypass had been discussed for many years without any developments being made.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/4248.aspx|title=A11 Fiveways – Thetford Improvement|publisher=[[Highways Agency]]|
{{cite web
|url=http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/24040.aspx
|title=A11 Fiveways to Thetford Improvement – Project timeline
|publisher=[[Highways Agency]]
|
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203154359/http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/24040.aspx
|archive-date=3 December 2009
}}
</ref> The [[Brown ministry|Labour government]]'s [[Secretary of State for Transport]] announced the scheme would be brought forward by 18 months to 2010 with an open date of 2013 in November 2008 in response to the [[Financial crisis of
The [[Highways Agency]] has published an
|url = http://www.nao.org.uk//idoc.ashx?docId=11875A43-E927-4BD3-A4A5-5423394EA529&version=-1
|title = Estimating and monitoring the costs of building roads in England
|publisher = [[National Audit Office (United Kingdom)|National Audit Office]]
|
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090606042133/http://www.nao.org.uk/idoc.ashx?docId=11875a43-e927-4bd3-a4a5-5423394ea529&version=-1
|archive-date = 6 June 2009
|url-status = dead
}}</ref>
and then to £113-£157 million by August 2008.<ref name=Nor1/>
Line 119 ⟶ 125:
|title=Government told it's high time to dual the A11 as public petition launched by Norfolk County Council
|publisher=Norfolk county council
|
|url-status=dead
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080911090825/http://www.norfolk.gov.uk/consumption/idcplg?IdcService=SS_GET_PAGE&ssDocName=NCC060408&ssSourceNodeId=&ssTargetNodeId=3018
|archive-date=11 September 2008
}}</ref>
and was expected to reduce journey times by 3 minutes off-peak and up to 25 minutes at peak times.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.bettertransport.org.uk/node/1579
|title=Road building won't stop the recession
|publisher=[[Campaign for Better Transport (UK)|Campaign for Better Transport (CBT)]]
|
|archive-date=3 March 2016
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173301/http://www.bettertransport.org.uk/node/1579
|url-status=dead
}}</ref>
On 20 October 2010, the government approved the scheme, indicating that the works would continue.<ref name="EDP11">
The works were due to start January 2013 and finish September 2014
Line 136 ⟶ 144:
|url=http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/a11_dualling_set_to_be_given_go_ahead_1_685736
|title=A11 dualling set to be given go-ahead
|date=20 October 2010
|publisher=Eastern Daily Press (Norfolk, UK)
|
The Elveden Bypass opened during Easter 2014 with one lane in use each way. The full dual carriageway between Barton Mills and Thetford was opened on 12 December 2014 by transport secretary [[Patrick McLoughlin]].<ref>{{cite web|title=A11 dual carriageway opens|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/a11-dual-carriageway-opens|publisher=UK Government|
==Former sections==
Line 145 ⟶ 154:
===Newham===
From Bow Interchange, A118 briefly becomes a [[dual carriageway]] as it crosses the valley of the [[River Lea]]. This dual carriageway section ends
===Waltham Forest===
North of Maryland, the old A11 crosses from the [[London Borough of Newham]] into the [[London Borough of Waltham Forest]] and becomes High Road Leytonstone, passing under the [[Gospel Oak to Barking
===Redbridge===
Once past the Green Man Interchange, the former A11 route enters the [[London Borough of Redbridge]] and briefly becomes a southern extension to the [[A113 road|A113]] before turning into the A1199 (a duplicate designation, given that there is another A1199 in [[Islington]]), and is called Hollybush Hill, [[Woodford, London|Woodford]] Road and High Road [[Woodford Green]]. It crosses over the [[A406 road|A406]] at Gates Corner (named after a [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] car showroom, which was turned into residential flats in 2006), but since the A406 was widened when the M11 was constructed there are no slip roads for interchange and the old A11 passes over the top. It merges with the A104 Woodford New Road by the Statue of [[Winston Churchill]] and becomes the A104 High Road [[Woodford Green]]. North, the road was A11 until the [[M11 motorway|M11]] opened in the 1970s, triggering the downgrading of the A11 between Woodford and Stump Cross (see below). Just before leaving London for [[Essex]], the A104 becomes [[Epping, Essex|Epping]] New Road.
===Essex, Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire===
Shortly after entering Essex, the A11 enters [[Epping Forest]], following the mainly straight course of the Epping New Road turnpike constructed during the second quarter of the nineteenth century, alongside the boundary between [[Waltham Abbey (town)|Waltham Abbey]] and [[Loughton]]. It then reaches the [[Wake Arms Roundabout]] and becomes the B1393. Just after leaving the forest, it crosses the [[M25 motorway]] (here lowered into a cut-and-cover tunnel), then continuing through [[Epping, Essex|Epping]]. The B1393 ends at junction 7 of the M11, and the route of the A11 goes along the [[A414 road|A414]] through the eastern suburbs of [[Harlow]], having been rerouted slightly to the west at the end of the 1950s to avoid passing through [[Potter Street]]. The road then becomes the A1184 and goes through [[Sawbridgeworth]]: through the rest of the Essex stretch between Harlow and Stump Cross the road follows a more traditionally English course, characterised by bends of varying and sometimes uneven radii, with just one straight mile (1.6 km) (to the south of [[Littlebury]]) along the north Essex stretch.
==References==
Line 164 ⟶ 173:
{{commons category}}
{{Attached KML|display=inline,title}}
* [
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080829215857/http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/4269.aspx A11 (M11 to Norwich)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090901052238/http://www.highways.gov.uk/roads/projects/4276.aspx Highways Agency – A11 Strategy: Cambridge to Norwich]
|