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{{Short description|Japanese samurai family}}
{{Distinguish |Ōkina otomodachi}}
{{
{{Infobox Japanese clan
|surname
|surname nihongo = 大友
|image =
|image size =
|image caption = [[Mon (badge)|''Mon'']]: ''Hana-gyōyō''
|home province =[[Bungo Province|Bungo]]<br />[[Buzen Province|Buzen]]
|parent house = [[Fujiwara clan]]
|titles = {{Plainlist|
* ''[[Shugo]]''
* ''[[Daimyō]]''}}
|founder =[[Ōtomo Yoshinao]]
|final ruler =
|current head =
|founding year =12th century
|dissolution =
|ruled until =
|cadet branches ={{Plainlist|
* [[Tachibana clan (samurai)|Tachibana clan]]
* [[Honma clan]]
* [[Hayashi clan (Owari)|Hayashi clan]]}}
}}
{{nihongo|'''Ōtomo clan'''|大友氏|Ōtomo-shi}} was a Japanese [[
== Origins ==
Following the establishment of the [[Kamakura shogunate]] in 1185, members of the clan were granted the post of Constable (''[[Shugo]]'') of [[Bungo Province|Bungo]] and [[Buzen Province]]s in Kyūshū.▼
The first family head, [[Ōtomo Yoshinao]] (1172–1223), took the name from the Ōtomo territory in [[Sagami Province]].<ref name=kotobank>{{cite web|url=https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%8B%E6%B0%8F-39429|title=Otomo clan|publisher=kotobank|access-date=30 October 2021}}</ref> The clan claims descent from [[Emperor Seiwa]] (850-881) through the [[Seiwa Genji]] lineage of the [[Minamoto clan]]. Although the clan genealogy claims Yoshinao to be an illegitimate son of [[Minamoto no Yoritomo]], it has been concluded that he was in fact a descendant of the [[Fujiwara clan]].<ref name=":0" />
== History ==
[[File:Dai Nihon Rokjūyoshō, Bungo Ōtomo Gyōbudaibu Ujitoki by Yoshitora.jpg|thumb|[[Ōtomo Ujitoki]], 8th clan head]]
▲Following the establishment of the [[Kamakura shogunate]] in 1185,
Ōtomo Yoshinao's descendants served as Governor of Buzen and Bungo Provinces for generations further establishing the power of Ōtomo clan in these two provinces.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14970117|title=Nihon dai hyakka zensho = Encyclopedia Nipponica 2001.|date=1989|others=Shōgakkan, 小学館|isbn=4-09-526001-7|edition=Shohan|location=Tōkyō|at=大友能直|oclc=14970117}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/14970117|title=Nihon dai hyakka zensho = Encyclopedia Nipponica 2001.|date=1989|others=Shōgakkan, 小学館|isbn=4-09-526001-7|edition=Shohan|location=Tōkyō|at=大友氏|oclc=14970117}}</ref> The clan would expand their power in Bungo Province along with the [[Shiga clan]], founded by Yoshinao's eighth son [[Shiga Yoshisato]],<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/834665660|title=Kōdansha nihon jinmei daijiten.|date=2001|publisher=Kōdansha|others=Masaaki Ueda, 上田正昭|isbn=4-06-210800-3|location=Tōkyō|at=志賀能郷|oclc=834665660}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> that had settled there earlier.
As the Ōtomo were one of the major clans of Kyūshū, along with the [[Shōni clan|Shōni]] and the [[Shimazu clan|Shimazu]], they had a central role in organizing efforts against the [[Mongol invasions of Japan]] in 1274 and 1281.
They also played an important role in the establishment of the [[Ashikaga shogunate]], in the 1330s. Ōtomo warriors fought alongside those of [[Ashikaga Takauji]] and enabled him to win a number of key battles, including the battle of Sanoyama; this helped to ensure them powerful government positions in the new shogunate.<ref name=Sansom2>{{Cite book |last=Sansom |first=George |title=A History of Japan,
Yoshinaga, 19th generation descendant of Yoshinao, along with his son Yoshiaki further became [[Sengoku period]] Daimyos. At the time of 21st generation [[Ōtomo Sōrin|Yoshishige]], the Ōtomo clan reached its zenith by expanding its power to [[Hizen Province|Hizen]], [[Higo Province|Higo]], and [[Chikuzen Province|Chikuzen Provinces]].<ref name=":0" /> At its zenith, the Ōtomo clan ruled six provinces (Buzen, Bungo, Hizen, Higo, Chikuzen and Chikugo) and two half-provinces ([[Hyūga Province|Hyūga]] and [[Iyo Province|Iyo]]).<ref name=":2" />
[[File:Otomo Yoshimune.jpg|thumb|[[Ōtomo Yoshimune]] (1558–1610), 22nd clan head]]
Towards the end of the 16th century, the Ōtomo fought both the Shimazu and [[Mōri clan|Mōri]] clans,
== European contact ==
A powerful clan throughout the Sengoku period (1467–1573), the Ōtomo are especially notable as one of the first clans to make contact with Europeans, and to establish a trade relationship with them. In or around 1542, three [[Portugal|Portuguese]] ships were carried by a typhoon to the island of [[Tanegashima]], just off the coast of Kyūshū. Within ten years, [[Nanban trade|trade with the Portuguese]] was fairly regular and common in Kyūshū.
In 1552, emissaries from the Ōtomo clan traveled to [[Goa]] with Xavier, to meet with the [[List of governors of Portuguese India|Portuguese Governor]] of [[Portuguese India|India]]. Xavier and other Jesuit missionaries would return to Kyūshū, traveling and proselytizing; the Ōtomo were always well-disposed towards them, and they saw some success in Bungo as a result, converting many Japanese to Christianity.
▲Towards the end of the 16th century, the Ōtomo fought both the Shimazu and [[Mōri clan|Mōri]] clans, of whom the latter were expert sailors. Though they did not play a major role in the campaigns of [[Tokugawa Ieyasu]] which ended the Sengoku period, they did retain their domains into the [[Edo period]].
==Clan Heads==
# '''[[Ōtomo Yoshinao]]<ref name=kotobank/>''' (大友能直, 1172–1223)
# '''Ōtomo Chikahide''' (大友親秀, 1195–1248)
# '''Ōtomo Yoriyasu''' (大友頼泰, 1222–1300)
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# '''Ōtomo Yoshisuke''' (大友義右, 1459–1496)
# '''Ōtomo Chikaharu''' (大友親治, 1461–1524)
# '''Ōtomo Yoshinaga<ref name=kotobank/>''' (大友義長, 1478–1518)
# '''Ōtomo Yoshiaki<ref name=kotobank/>''' (大友義鑑, 1502–1550)
# '''[[Ōtomo Sōrin]]<ref name=kotobank/>''' (大友宗麟, 1530–1587), originally Ōtomo Yoshishige (大友義鎮)
# '''[[Ōtomo Yoshimune]]<ref name=kotobank/>''' (大友義統, 1558–1610)
# '''Ōtomo Yoshinori''' (大友義乗, 1577–1612)
# '''Ōtomo Yoshichika''' (大友義親, 1597–1619)
==Notable
* [[Ōtomo-Nata Jezebel]] (died 1587) – High priestess of [[Usa Jingū]], wife of Ōtomo Sōrin and mother of Ōtomo Yoshimune
* [[Yoshihiro Kikuhime]] (d. November 4, 1595) wife of [[Ōtomo Yoshimune]]
* [[Ōtomo Sōrin]] (1530–1587), [[Shugo|Constable]] of [[Bungo Province|Bungo]] and [[Buzen Province]]s
* [[Ōtomo Yoshimune]] (1558–1610), heir of Otomo Sorin.
* [[Ōuchi Yoshinaga]] (1532 – May 1, 1557), the younger brother of [[Ōtomo Yoshishige]].
* [[Ōtomo Chikasada]] ( ? - 1570), the younger brother of the famous [[Ōtomo Sōrin]]
==Notable retainers==
== Popular culture == ▼
* [[Tachibana Dōsetsu]]
Otomo is a playable nation in the [[grand strategy game]]s ''[[Europa Universalis IV]]'', ''[[Sengoku (2011 video game)|Sengoku]]'' as well as in ''[[Shogun 2]]''.<ref>http://store.steampowered.com/app/223180/</ref><ref>http://www.eu4wiki.com/Japan#List_of_daimyo</ref>▼
* [[Tachibana Muneshige]]
* [[Takahashi Shigetane]]
* [[Kamachi Akimori]]
* [[Tawara Chikataka]]
* [[Tsunokuma Sekiso]]
* [[Kutami Akiyasu]]
* [[Tagita Shigekane]]
* [[Saeki Karenori]]
* [[Yoshihiro Akimasa]]
* [[Usuki Akisumi]]
* [[Shiga Chikamori]]
* [[Yoshioka Akioki]]
* [[Myorin]] – Lady of Tsurusaki Castle
▲Otomo is a playable nation in the [[grand strategy game]]s ''[[Europa Universalis IV]]'', ''[[Sengoku (2011 video game)|Sengoku]]'' as well as in ''[[Total War: Shogun 2]]''.<ref>
==See also==
*[[Shimazu clan]]
*[[Shōni clan]]
*[[Tachibana clan (kuge)|Tachibana clan]]
==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Otomo clan}}
[[Category:Japanese clans]]
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