Adam: Difference between revisions

'''Adam'''{{efn|{{Hebrew name|{{Script/Hebrew|אָדָם}}|ʾAdam|ʾĀḏām}}; [[Aramaic]]: ܐܕܡ; {{lang-ar|آدَم|ʾĀdam}}; {{lang-el|Ἀδάμ|Adám}}; {{lang-la|Adam}}}} is the name given in [[Book of Genesis|Genesis]] 1-51–5 to the first human.{{sfn|Hendel|2000|p=18}} Adam is the first human-being aware of [[God]], and features as such in various belief systems (including [[Judaism]], [[GnosticismChristianity]], [[ChristianityGnosticism]], and [[Islam]]).<ref>Chipman, Leigh NB. "Mythic Aspects of the Process of Adam's Creation in Judaism and Islam." Studia Islamica (2001): 5-25.</ref>

According to Christianity, Adam sinned in the [[Garden of Eden]] by eating from the [[Treetree of the knowledge of good and evil|Tree of Knowledge]]. This action introduced death and sin into the world. This sinful nature infected all his descendants, and led humanity to be expelled from the Garden. Only through the [[Crucifixion of Jesus]], humanity can be redeemed.

In Islam, Adam is considered ''[[Khalifa]]'' (خليفة) (successor) on earth. This is understood to mean either that he is God's deputy, the initiation of a new cycle of sentient life on earth, or both.<ref>Mahmoud Ayoub ''The Qur'an and Its Interpreters, Volume 1'' SUNY Press, 1984 {{ISBN|978-0-87395-727-4}} p. 73</ref> Similar to the Biblical account in the Bible, according to the [[Quran]], has Adam is placed in a Garden.garden Temptedwhere he sins by taking from the [[Tree of life (Quran)|Tree of Immortality]], he sins andso loses his abode in the Gardengarden. When Adam repents from his sin, he is forgiven by God. This is seen as a guidance for human-life, who sin, become aware of their mistake, and repent.<ref>Stieglecker, H. (1962). Die Glaubenslehren des Islam. Deutschland: F. Schöningh</ref>

In Islam, [[God in Islam|GodAllah]] created Adam ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: '''آدم''') from a handful of earth taken from the entire world, which explains why the peoples of the world are of different skin colourscolors.{{sfn|Wheeler|2002|pp=17—18}} According to the [[Islamic creation myth]], he was the first [[Prophets of Islam|prophet of Islam]] and the first [[Muslim]]. The [[Quran|Qur'an]] saysstates that all the [[prophet]]s preached the same faith of [[submission to God]]. When God informed the angels that he would create a [[Viceroy|vice-regentvicegerent]] (a ''[[{{Lang-ar|خليفة|lit=caliph|translit=khalifa]]''}}) on Earth, the angels enquired, sayingasking, "will You place therein such that which will spread corruption and bloodshed?" So God showed the angels, sayingresponded, "Tell Me the names of these?" The angels had no knowledge of these, as God had not taught them. Then God allowed Adam to reveal these names to them, saying, "Did I not say to you (angels) that I know what is unseen in the heavens and the earth and Iyou know what younot" (angels) reveal and what you (Satan) conceal;" the scholar[[Quran|Qur'an]] [[Al-TabariBaqara|2:30]]), explainedand thatcommanded Godthe was referringangels to [[Iblis]]prostrate (Satan)to ofAdam.<ref>{{Cite hisweb evil|title=Surah plansAl-Baqarah andAyat to30 the(2:30 angelsQuran) ofWith theirTafsir honesty|url=https://myislam.{{sfnorg/surah-baqarah/ayat-30/ |Wheeleraccess-date=2024-08-07 |2002website=My Islam |planguage=15en-US}}</ref>

Adam and Eve both ate offrom the [[Tree of life (Quran)|Tree of Immortality]] ({{lang-ar|شَجَرَةُ الْخُلْد|šajara al-ḫuld}}) despite Allah's warnings against it, and both shared guilt equally, for Eve neither tempted Adam or ate before him; nor is Eve to blame for the pain of childbirth, for God never punishes one person for the sins of another.<ref>{{citation neededqref|date35|18|b=September 2020y}}</ref> The [[Shia]] school of Islam does not even consider that their action was a sin, for obedience and disobedience are possible only on Earth, and not in heaven where the paradise is located.{{citation needed|date=September 2020}}

According to ''[[Qisas al-Anbiya]]'', Adam fell on [[Adam's Peak]] located in central [[Sri Lanka]], the tallest mountain in the world and so the closest to Heaven, and from there God sent him to [[Mecca]], where he repented and was forgiven.{{sfn|Wheeler|2002|p=25,30}} At [[Mecca]] he built the first Sanctuary (the [[Kaabah]] – itwhich was later rebuilt by [[Abraham in Islam|Ibrahim]]) and was taught the ritual of the Hajj, and wove the first cloak for himself and the first veil and shift for Eve, and after this returned to India where he died at the age of 930, having seen the sons of the sons of his children, 1400 in all.{{sfn|Wheeler|2002|p=32,39,43}}

According to the [[Ahmadiyya]] sect, Adam was not the first human being on earth, but when the human race came into existence, and spread all over the world and developed the ability to receive revelation, God sent Adam to each and every branch of civilization. This opinion has also been alluded to and accepted by Islamic scholars of different sects. According to a revelation received by [[Mirza Ghulam Ahmad]], the founder of the community, the Adam mentioned in the QuranQur'an was born 4,598 years before Muhammad.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.alislam.org/library/links/00000179.html | title=Man Lived on Earth Even Before the Advent of Adam | publisher=Al Islam| date=2000-02-16 }}</ref>

The Muslim thinker [[Nasir Khusraw]] offers another interpretation of Adam's significance to the Islamic religious tradition. He writes that Adam was the first enunciator of divine revelation (''{{Lang-ar|ناطق|translit=nāṭiq''|lit=orator}}) and Seth was his legatee (''{{Lang-ar|وصي|translit=wasī''|lit=inheritor, guardian}}). He argues that the descendants of Seth are [[Imamate in Ismaili doctrine|ImamsAimmah]], culminating in the seventh Imam, Nuh/Noah who, in addition to holding the Imamate, would also hold the position of enunciator and prophet ({{Lang-ar|نبي|translit=nabi}}).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Virani|first=Shafique|title=The Days of Creation in the Thought of Nasir Khusraw |url=https://www.academia.edu/37219457|journal=Nasir Khusraw: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow|date=January 2005 }}</ref>

In the Islamic traditions ([[hadith|ahadith]]), Adam is given the name by God known as the (Adam-IaI-Safi) or({{Lang-ar|آدم ألصافي|lit=Adam, The Chosen One}}) by Allah.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.academia.edu/7170404 |title=Shaggy or Shaved? The Symbolism of Hair among Persian Qalandar Sufis |last=Ridgeon |first=Lloyd |journal=Iran and the Caucasus |date=2010 |volume=14 |issue=2 |page= 12 |doi=10.1163/157338410X12743419190142 |quote=Adam was given the honorary name of "Adam-I-Safi" meaning: The Chosen One}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/ijt/07-2_056.pdf |title=The Christ of the Quran |last=Anand |first=K.D.W. |website=biblicalstudies.org.uk |page=57 |quote=Adam was God's Chosen one "Adam-Safi"}}</ref>

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* [[Adam pagriaPagria]]