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Line 3: \| name = Maasina Fulfulde \| altname = \| nativename = Fulfulde <small>{{script/Arabic\|ڢُلْڢُلْدٜ}}</small><br>Maasina Fulfulde <small>{{script/Arabic\|مَاسِنَ ڢُلْڢُلْدٜ}}</small><Br>Maasinankoore <small>{{script/Arabic\|مَاسِنَنْكࣷورٜ}}</small> ~~\| nativename =~~ \| states = [[Mali]]<ref name=e26/> \| region = [[Inner Niger Delta\|Macina]] \| ethnicity = [[Fula people\|Fula]] \| speakers = {{sigfig\|17.588240\|2}} million \| date = 2014 \| ref = e26 Line 24: \| glottorefname = Maasina Fulfulde }} '''Maasina Fulfulde''' is a variety of the [[Fula language]]. It is spoken mainly in [[Mali]], [[Ivory Coast]], and [[Ghana]] by 17.6 million people.<ref name=e26/> The language has several mutually intelligible dialects albeit with some differences. The variety is named after the [[Inner Niger Delta\|Macina region]] in Mali.<ref name="Ethnologue">{{Cite web\|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ffm/\|title=Fulfulde, Maasina \| Ethnologue Free\|website=Ethnologue (Free All)}}</ref> Maasinankoore is the most widely spoken dialect of [[Fula language\|Fula]] spoken in Mali and is a national language of the country.<ref name="Ethnologue"/> Line 42: There have been attempts to standardize both the Latin and the Arabic script for Maasina Fulfulde. The Latin alphabet, consisting of 32 letters, was standardized by Government Decree No. 1 85/PG/RM on 26 May 1967.<ref name="SIL">Buddell, S. Hanold, M. Sankare, N, Souster, J. (2010, July) ''Lisons le fulfulde - Guide pour apprendre à lire en langue peule''. Société Internationale de Linguistique (SIL). Bamoko, Mali. [https://www.sil-mali.org/sites/default/files/SIL-Mali-ffm-2010-Lisons%20le%20fulfulde%20A5.pdf Link] ([https://web.archive.org/web/20200113112838/https://www.sil-mali.org/sites/default/files/SIL-Mali-ffm-2010-Lisons%20le%20fulfulde%20A5.pdf Archive])</ref> Fulfulde Arabic Alphabet in Mali, comes from centuries of usage, literature, and tradition. Arabic script has been the common in the region since the conversion of local populations to Islam in the 12th century. However, its modern form was standardized in a [[UNESCO\|UNESCO.BREDA]] conference in 1987 in [[Bamako]], whose results were published in a report.<ref name="chtatou">Chtatou, M. (1992). Using Arabic script in writing the languages of the peoples of Muslim africa. Institute of African Studies. [https://www.academia.edu/40381457/Using_Arabic_script_in_writing_the_languages_of_the_peoples_of_Muslim_Africa_Mohamed_Chtatou_1992_]</ref><ref name="unicode">{{cite book \| language = en \| first1 = Jonathan \| last1 = Kew \| title = Proposal to encode Arabic-script letters for African languages \| date = 2 June 2003 \| url = https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03168-african-chars.pdf }}</ref> Table below illustrates the Latin alphabet for Maasina Fulfulde. While Maasina Fulfulde has 5 vowel letters, long vowels are shown by writing the corresponding vowel letter twice. Digraphs are included as separate letters in Fulfulde Latin Alphabet, and there 4 of them, "Mb", "Nd", "Ng", "Nj". There also exist 6 additional letters in Fulfulde Latin Alphabet, including "apostrophe" representing a glottal stop, and 3 plosive letters. Line 58: {\|class="wikitable Unicode" dir="rtl" \|+ ~~Humburi~~Maasina ~~Senni~~Fulfulde Arabic alphabet (Mali)<ref name="chtatou"/><ref name="unicode"/> \|- ! Arabic<br><small>(Latin)</small><br><nowiki>[</nowiki>[[International Phonetic Alphabet\|IPA]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|ا}}</span><br><small>‌( - / ’ )</small><br>{{IPAblink\|∅}}/{{IPAblink\|ʔ}} \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|ب}}</span><br><small>(B b)</small><br>{{IPAblink\|b}} \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|ٽ}}</span><br><small>(Mb mb)</small><br>{{IPAblink\|bᵐb}} \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|ت}}</span><br><small>(T t)</small><br>{{IPAblink\|t}} \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|ٺ}}</span><br><small>(C c)</small><br>{{IPAblink\|t͡ʃ}} Line 77: \|- ! Arabic<br><small>(Latin)</small><br><nowiki>[</nowiki>[[International Phonetic Alphabet\|IPA]]<nowiki>]</nowiki> \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|ڌ}}</span><br><small>(DNd dnd)</small><br>{{IPAblink\|ⁿd}} \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|ذ}}</span><br><small>(Z z)</small><br>{{IPAblink\|zd͡ʒ}} \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|ر}}</span><br><small>(R r)</small><br>{{IPAblink\|r}} \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|ز}}</span><br><small>(Z z)</small><br>{{IPAblink\|zd͡ʒ}} \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|س}}</span><br><small>(S s)</small><br>{{IPAblink\|s}} \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|ش}}</span><br><small>(Š š)</small><br>{{IPAblink\|ʃ}} Line 88: \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|ض}}</span><br><small>(D d)</small><br>{{IPAblink\|d}} \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|ط}}</span><br><small>(Ɗ ɗ)</small><br>{{IPAblink\|ɗ}} \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|ظ}}</span><br><small>(Z z)</small><br>{{IPAblink\|zd͡ʒ}} \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|ع}}</span><br><small>( -’ )</small><br>{{IPAblink\|ʔ}} \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" bgcolor="#FFEFD5" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|غ}}</span><br><small>(G g)</small><br>{{IPAblink\|ɡ}} \|- Line 114: \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|ࢩ}}</span><br><small>(Ɲ ɲ)</small><br>{{IPAblink\|ɲ}} \| style="width:7em; text-align:center; padding: 3px;" \| <span style="font-size:110%;line-height:1.35;">{{script/Arabic\|ۑ}}</span><br><small>(Ƴ ƴ)</small><br>{{IPAblink\|ɲ}} \|} {\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" \|+Vowel at the beginning of a word \|- ! A \|\| E \|\| I \|\| O \|\| U \|- ! colspan="5"\|Short Vowels \|-dir="rtl" \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic\|اَ}}</span> \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic\|اٜ}}</span> \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic\|اِ}}</span> \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic\|اࣷ}}</span> \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic\|اُ}}</span> \|- ! colspan="5"\|Long Vowels \|- ! Aa \|\| Ee \|\| Ii \|\| Oo \|\| Uu \|-dir="rtl" \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic\|آ}}</span> \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic\|اٜيـ / اٜي}}</span> \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic\|اِيـ / اِي}}</span> \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic\|اࣷو}}</span> \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.35;">{{Script/Arabic\|اُو}}</span> \|} {\| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" \|+Vowel at the middle or end of a word \|- ! a \|\| e \|\| i \|\| o \|\|u\|\| ∅ \|- ! colspan="6"\|Short Vowels \|-dir="rtl" \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic\|◌َ}}</span> \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic\|◌ٜ}}</span> \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic\|◌ِ}}</span> \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic\|◌ࣷ}}</span> \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic\|◌ُ}}</span> \| <span style="font-size:145%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic\|◌ْ}}</span> \|- ! colspan="6"\|Long Vowels \|- ! aa \|\| ee \|\| ii \|\| oo \|\| uu\|\| \|-dir="rtl" \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic\|◌َا / ◌َـا}}</span> \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic\|◌ٜيـ / ◌ٜـيـ}}<br>{{Script/Arabic\|◌ٜي / ◌ٜـي}}</span> \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic\|◌ِيـ / ◌ِـيـ}}<br>{{Script/Arabic\|◌ِي / ◌ِـي}}</span> \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic\|◌ࣷو / ◌ࣷـو}}</span> \| <span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic\|◌ُو / ◌ُـو}}</span> \|} ==Sample Text== Passage from the [[Bible]], Book of [[Epistle to the Romans\|Romans]], Chapter 1, verses 8, 9, and 10:<ref>[https://www.bible.com/bible/1175/ROM.1.KJV]</ref> {\| class="wikitable" \|- ! Translation \| <sup>8</sup> First, I thank my God through Jesus Christ for you all, that your faith is proclaimed throughout the whole world. <sup>9</sup> For God is my witness, whom I serve in my spirit in the gospel of his Son, how unceasingly I make mention of you, always in my prayers <sup>10</sup> making request, if by any means now at length I may be prospered by the will of God to come unto you. \|- ! Latin Script \| <sup>8</sup> Ko adii fuu, miɗo yetta Laamɗo e innde Iisaa Almasiihu saabe mooɗon on fuu, sabi haala goonɗinal mon haalaama e aduna oo fuu. <sup>9</sup> Laamɗo mo ndewiran-mi ɓernde laaɓunde e ley ko njottinan-mi Kabaaru Lobbo haala Ɓiyiiko oo koo, o seede miɗo miccitoo on wakkati fuu <sup>10</sup> e ley duwaawuuji am fuu. Miɗo ɲaagoo Laamɗo newnana kam laawol e ley muuyɗe muuɗum no mi warda to mon. \|- ! Ajami Script \| dir="rtl"\| <span style="font-size:120%;line-height:1.65;">{{Script/Arabic\|<sup>۸</sup> كࣷ اَدِي ڢُو، مِطࣷ يٜتَّ لَامْطࣷ اٜ اِنْڌٜ عِيسَى اَلْمَسِيحُ سَابٜ مࣷوطࣷنْ اࣷنْ ڢُو، سَبِ حَالَ غࣷونْطِنَلْ مࣷنْ حَالَامَ اٜ اَدُنَ اࣷو ڢُو؞ <sup>۹</sup> لَامْطࣷ مࣷ ڌٜوِرَنْمِ ݥٜرْڌٜ لَاݥُڌٜ اٜ لٜيْ كࣷ ڃࣷتِّنَنْمِ كَبَارُ لࣷبّࣷ حَّالَ ݥِيِيكࣷ اࣷو كࣷو، اࣷ سٜيدٜ مِطࣷ مِٺِتࣷو اࣷنْ وَڧَتِ ڢُو <sup>۱۰</sup> اٜ لٜيْ دُوَاوُوجِ اَمْ ڢُو؞ مِطࣷ ۑَاغࣷو لَامْطࣷ نٜوْنَنَ كَمْ لَاوࣷلْ اٜ لٜيْ مُويْطٜ مُوطُمْ نࣷ مِ وَرْدَ تࣷ مࣷنْ؞}}</span> \|} Line 119 ⟶ 184: {{reflist}} {{Arabic script}} [[Category:Fula language]]