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Line 3: {{Update\|date=March 2021}} {{Infobox musical artist <!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians --> \| name = Magma \| background = group_or_band \| image = MAGMA @ Roadburn Festival 2017 06.jpg \| landscape = yes \| caption = Magma performing live at [[Roadburn Festival]], 2017 \| origin = Paris, France \| genre = {{hlist\|[[#Zeuhl]]\|~~Zeuhl~~[[progressive rock]]}} \| years_active = 1969–1984, 1996–present \| label = {{flatlist\| * [[A&M Records\|A&M]] * [[Musea Records]] Line 21: * [[Vertigo Records\|Vertigo]] }} \| website = {{URL\|magmamusic.org/en/home}} \| current_members = [[Christian Vander (musician)\|Christian Vander]]<br/>[[Stella Vander]]<br/>Isabelle Feuillebois<br/>Rudy Blas<br/>Hervé Aknin<br/>Francis Linon<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://www.facebook.com/zeuhlwortzmekanik/photos/a.853277758016632/2863521960325525/?type=3&theater \|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/123777837633298/2863521960325525 \|archive-date=2022-02-26 \|url-access=limited\|title=Magma 2020\|website=[[Facebook]] \| date=2019-12-20 \| access-date=2020-01-20}}{{cbignore}}</ref><br/>Simon Goubert<br/>Thierry Eliez<br/>Jimmy Top<br/>Caroline Indjein<br/>Sylvie Fisichella<br/>Laura Guarrato<br/> \| past_members = [[Francis Moze]]<br/>[[Jannick Top\|Jannick "Janik" Top]]<br/>Klaus Blasquiz<br/>[[Didier Lockwood]]<br/>Bernard Paganotti<br/>Benoît Widemann<br/>Teddy Lasry<br/>Himiko Paganotti<br/>Antoine Paganotti<br/>Emmanuel Borghi<br/>Bruno Ruder<br/>Laurent Thibault<br/>Jérémie Ternoy<br/>Jim Grandcamp<br/>James MacGaw<br/>Jérome Martineau-Ricotti<br/>Philippe Bussonnet<br/>Benoît Alziary<br/>Claud Angel<br/>Jean-Pierre Lambelt<br/>Patrick Gauthier<br/>Yochiko Seffer<br/>[[Brian Godding]] }} '''Magma''' is a French [[progressive rock]] band founded in Paris in 1969 by self-taught drummer [[Christian Vander (musician)\|Christian Vander]], who claimed as his inspiration a "vision of humanity's spiritual and ecological future" that profoundly disturbed him. In the course of their first album, the band tells the story of a group of people fleeing a doomed Earth to settle on the planet Kobaïa. Later, conflict arises when the Kobaïans—descendants of the original colonists—encounter other Earth refugees. The style of [[progressive rock]] that Vander developed with Magma is termed "[[~~#Zeuhl\|~~Zeuhl]]", and has been applied to other bands in France operating in the same period, and to some recent Japanese bands.<ref name=Zeuhl/> Vander created a [[fictional language]], [[Kobaïan]], in which most lyrics are sung.<ref name=Wire-p2>{{Cite magazine\|url=http://www.thewire.co.uk/articles/2324/?pageno=2 \|title=Different Drummer: Magma – interview with Christian Vander, page 2 \|magazine=[[The Wire (magazine)\|The Wire]] \|first=Paul \|last=Stump \|date=July 1995 \|access-date=16 October 2009 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604202006/http://www.thewire.co.uk/articles/2324/?pageno=2 \|archive-date= 4 June 2011}}</ref> In a 1977 interview with Vander and long-time Magma vocalist Klaus Blasquiz, Blasquiz said that Kobaïan is a "phonetic language made by elements of the Slavonic and Germanic languages to be able to express some things musically. The language has of course a content, but not word by word."<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.danbbs.dk/~m-bohn/magma/interview.htm \|title=Da Zeuhl Wortz Mekanïk is kobaïan for Magma \|publisher=Danbbs.dk \|date=1996-08-20 \|access-date=2011-10-30}}</ref> Vander himself has said, "When I wrote, the sounds [of Kobaïan] came naturally with it—I didn't intellectualise the process by saying 'Ok, now I'm going to write some words in a particular language', it was really sounds that were coming at the same time as the music."<ref>{{cite web\|title=Magma, c'est moi\|url=http://rockfort.info/content.aspx?cid=160 \|author=Interview by David McKenna and Ludovic Merle, translated by David McKenna \|date= 2009-11-12 \|publisher=Rockfort.info}}</ref> In the course of their first album, the band tells the story of a group of people fleeing a doomed Earth to settle on the planet Kobaïa. Subsequently, conflict arises when the Kobaïans - descendants of the original colonists - encounter other Earth refugees. Later albums tell different stories set in more ancient times; however, the Kobaïan language remains an integral part of the music. In 1986, the French label Seventh Records was founded to (re-)publish Magma's and Vander's work. Over the years, Seventh has also released albums by related artists such as [[Stella Vander]], [[Patrick Gauthier]], and Collectif Mu.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.seventhrecords.com/ORG/bioseventh.html \|title=Seventh Records \|publisher=Seventh Records \|access-date=2011-10-30}}</ref> Line 39: After their first tour, Magma experienced significant lineup turnover. Vocalist Lucien Zabuski was replaced with Klaus Blasquiz, and pianist Eddie Rabin, double bassist Jacky Vidal, and guitarist Claude Engel also joined the group. The group worked on material for three months in a house in the [[Vallée de Chevreuse\|Chevreuse Valley]]. Eddie Rabin was replaced by François Cahen on keyboards, and Laurent Thibault abandoned bass to devote himself to production. [[Francis Moze]] became the new bassist. The band also expanded with a brass section, consisting of Teddy Lasry on saxophone and clarinet, Richard Raux on saxophone and flute, and Paco Charlery on trumpet. The group's first album, ''[[Magma (Magma album)\|Magma]]'', was released in the spring of 1970 by [[Philips Records]]. The group caused a sensation but audience reactions were mixed.<ref name=":0" /> After the album was released, Claude Engel, Richard Raux, and Paco Charlery left the group. Jeff Seffer replaced Raux on saxophone, and Louis Toesca replaced Charlery on trumpet. Their second album, ''[[1001° Centigrades]],'', was released in April 1971. The album won the band more exposure, including a performance at the [[Montreux Jazz Festival]].<ref name=":0" /> === ''Mëkanïk Dëstruktïẁ Kömmandöh,'' to ''Üdü Wüdü'' (1972–1977) === Line 62: Vander decided to revive some sections of tracks he had written back in 1972-1973 while working on ''Köhntarkösz'' on this new tour. Eventually, these merged into one big composition ''[[K.A (Köhntarkösz Anteria)]]'', which released in 2004 to acclaim and surprise at their comeback. ''K.A'' is conceptually the prequel to ''Köhntarkösz'', which was then followed up by a sequel ''[[Ëmëhntëhtt-Ré]]'' in 2009, ending a narrative trilogy between the three albums. ~~Magma~~On ~~announced~~30 ~~that~~September ~~they~~2022 ~~would~~Magma ~~officially release~~released their ~~new~~fifteenth album ''[[Kartëhl]]'' ~~on 30 September~~.<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://bravewords.com/news/magma-to-release-kartehl-album-this-month \|title=Magma to Release ''Kartëhl'' Album This Month \|work=Brave Words \|date=1 September 2022 \|access-date=26 September 2022}}</ref> The album is a collective work of the band members. The copyright proceeds of the track ''Dëhndë'' will be donated to a charity for people with [[autism]].<ref name="Kartehl">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.seventhrecords.com/en/magma-19/kartehl-1316.html \|title=KARTËHL \|work=Seventh Records \|accessdate=2022-08-15}}</ref> Magma still tour today. Line 68: ==Kobaïan== {{Infobox language \| name = Kobaïan \| creator = [[Christian Vander (musician)\|Christian Vander]] \| created = 1969 \| setting = Lyrics for a musical group \| fam1 = [[constructed language]]s \| fam2 = [[artistic language]]s \| fam3 = [[fictional language]]s \| posteriori = Based on elements of [[Slavic languages\|Slavic]] and [[Germanic languages]] and the [[Scat singing\|scat]]-[[yodeling]] vocal style of [[Leon Thomas]]<ref name=Wire-p2/> \| iso3 = none \| glotto = none \| ietf = [https://www.kreativekorp.com/clcr/ art-x-kobaian] }} '''Kobaïan''' is a [[artistic language\|lyrical language]] created by French drummer and composer [[Christian Vander (musician)\|Christian Vander]] for his [[progressive rock]] band Magma.{{sfn\|Buckley\|2003\|p=629}}{{sfn\|Macan\|1997\|p=1976}}<ref name=Telegraph/> It is the language of '''Kobaïa''', a [[Planets in science fiction\|fictional planet]] invented by Vander and the setting for a musical "[[space opera]]" sung in Kobaïan by Magma on fifteen [[concept album]]s.<ref name=Wire-p2/><ref name=TinyMixTapes>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.tinymixtapes.com/Magma \|title=Magma: Mekanik Destruktiw Kommandoh \|website=[[Tiny Mix Tapes]] \|access-date=16 October 2009 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080615144824/http://tinymixtapes.com/Magma \|archive-date=15 June 2008}}</ref><ref name=AMG>{{Cite web\|url={{AllMusic\|class=artist\|id=p7020/biography\|pure_url=yes}} \|title=Magma \|website=[[AllMusic]] \|first=Jason \|last=Ankeny \|access-date=16 October 2009}}</ref> ===Development=== French drummer and composer [[Christian Vander (musician)\|Christian Vander]] formed Magma in late 1969 in an attempt to fill the void left by the death of American jazz musician and composer [[John Coltrane]].<ref name=Wire-p2/> Magma's first album, ''[[Magma (Magma album)\|Magma]]'' (later reissued as ''Kobaïa''), told a story of refugees fleeing a future Earth and settling on a [[Planets in science fiction\|fictional planet]] called Kobaïa.<ref name=PSF>{{Cite magazine\|url=http://www.furious.com/perfect/magma.html \|title=Magma \|magazine=[[Perfect Sound Forever (magazine)\|Perfect Sound Forever]] \|first=Peter \|last=Thelen \|year=1995\|access-date=16 October 2009}}</ref> The lyrics were all in Kobaïan (except the title track, sung mostly in English), a language Vander constructed for the album, some sung by soloists and others by "massive quasi-operatic choruses".<ref name=Wire-p2/> Over the next three decades, Magma have made ~~a further thirteen~~fifteen albums that ~~continued~~continues the mythology of Kobaïa, all sung in Kobaïan.<ref name=TinyMixTapes/> Vander (his Kobaïan name is Zëbëhn Straïn dë Ğeuštaah) said in an interview that he invented Kobaïan for Magma because "French just wasn't expressive enough. Either for the story or for the sound of the music".<ref name=Telegraph/><ref name=Wire-p4>{{Cite magazine\|url=http://www.thewire.co.uk/articles/2324/?pageno=4 \|title=Different Drummer: Magma – interview with Christian Vander, page 4 \|magazine=[[The Wire (magazine)\|The Wire]] \|first=Paul \|last=Stump \|date=July 1995 \|access-date=16 October 2009 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604202020/http://www.thewire.co.uk/articles/2324/?pageno=4 \|archive-date= 4 June 2011}}</ref> He said that the language developed in parallel with the music, that sounds appeared as he was composing on a piano.<ref name=DrummerWorld>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.drummerworld.com/drummers/Christian_Vander.html \|title=Christian Vander interview \|website=[[Drummerworld]] \|first=Theresa \|last=Stern \|access-date=16 October 2009}}</ref> Vander based Kobaïan in part on elements of [[Slavic languages\|Slavic]] and [[Germanic languages]] and in part on the [[Scat singing\|scat]]-[[yodeling]] vocal style of American [[Avant-garde music\|avant -garde]] jazz singer [[Leon Thomas]].<ref name=Wire-p2/> The subsequent expansion of the language became a group effort, and as Magma's personnel changed, so new ideas were incorporated into the language (and the music).<ref name=PSF/> British music critic [[Ian MacDonald]] said that Kobaïan is "[[Phonetics\|phonetic]], not [[Semantics\|semantic]]", and that it is based on "[[Sonority hierarchy\|sonorities]], not on applied meanings".<ref name=MacDonald>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.orkalarm.co.uk/orkalarm04/04_an_irresistible_life_force.htm \|title=An Irresistible Life Force \|website=Ork Alarm! \|year=1975 \|first=Ian \|last=MacDonald \|author-link=Ian MacDonald \|access-date=16 October 2009 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227200309/http://www.orkalarm.co.uk/orkalarm04/04_an_irresistible_life_force.htm \|archive-date=27 February 2012}}</ref> One of Magma's singers, Klaus Blasquiz, described Kobaïan as "a language of the heart" whose words are "inseparable from the music".<ref name=MacDonald/> Magma expert Michael Draine said "the abstraction provided by the Kobaïan verse seems to inspire Magma's singers to heights of emotional abandon rarely permitted by conventional lyrics".<ref name=Wire-p2/> Line 105 ⟶ 106: Vander was musically influenced by [[John Coltrane]] and [[Carl Orff]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=The Quietus {{!}} Features {{!}} Speaking In Tongues: Magma Interviewed By Musicians \|url=https://thequietus.com/articles/27223-magma-interview-christian-stella-vander \|access-date=2022-04-26 \|website=The Quietus \|language=en-us}}</ref> The mythology of Kobaïa seems to be strongly influenced by the esoteric ''[[The Urantia Book]]'', a kind of pseudo-[[bible]] that combines religious elements of various origins with scientific findings and science fiction. Furthermore, the motifs surrounding the myth of Kobaïa, particularly in the first three albums, have similarities with [[Johannes Kepler]]'s novel ''[[Somnium (novel)\|Somnium]]'' from 1634, [[Francis Godwin]]'s novel ''[[The Man in the Moone]]'' from 1638 and [[Cyrano de Bergerac]]'s ''The Other World'' (Orig. ''L'autre monde''), whose works gained new popularity in France in the 1970s. With the album ''Theusz Hamthaak'', the motifs increasingly approach modern science fiction literature of the 20th century such as [[H. G. Wells]]' ''[[The Time Machine]]'', [[Olaf Stapledon]]'s ''The Last and the First Men'' and ''The Star Maker'' of 1930 or [[Arthur C. Clark]]'s ''[[The Lost Generation (book)\|The Last Generation]]'' from 1953. However, Vander has not yet commented directly on the sources of his inspirations.<ref>{{Cite journal\|first=Łukasz \|last=Stec \|title=Space Utopia in the 1970s of the Twentieth Century on the Basis of the Kobaïan World \|editor=Ksenia Olkusz \|editor2=Michał Kłosiński \|editor3=Krzysztof M. Maj \|journal=More After More. Essays Commemorating the Five Hundredth Anniversary of Thomas More's Utopia \|series=Forntiers of Nowhere \|volume=1 \|publisher=Ośrodek Badawczy Facta Ficta \|location= \|date=2016 \|pages=406–419 \|isbn=978-83-942923-4-8 \|url=https://depot.ceon.pl/bitstream/handle/123456789/11298/More%20After%20More.%20Essays%20Commemorating%20the%20Five-Hundredth%20Anniversary%20of%20Thomas%20More%27s%20Utopia.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y \|access-date=2024-01-07}}</ref> === Legacy === The band is widely considered to be musically adventurous and imaginative<ref>{{cite web \|last=Ankeny \|first=Jason \|title=Magma – Music Biography, Credits and Discography \|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/magma-mn0000191376 \|~~title~~archive-url=~~Magma – Music Biography, Credits and Discography~~https://web.archive.org/web/20121101175708/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/magma-mn0000191376 \|~~publisher~~archive-date=~~AllMusic~~2012-11-01 \|access-date=2012-11-14 \|publisher=AllMusic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.progreviews.com/reviews/display.php?rev=mag-ka \|title=Ground and Sky review - Magma - K.A \|publisher=Progreviews.com \|access-date=2012-11-14 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110072620/http://www.progreviews.com/reviews/display.php?rev=mag-ka \|archive-date=2012-11-10 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.progreviews.com/reviews/display.php?rev=mag-mdk \|title=Ground and Sky review - Magma - Mekanik Destruktiw Kommandoh \|publisher=Progreviews.com \|access-date=2012-11-14 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110072625/http://www.progreviews.com/reviews/display.php?rev=mag-mdk \|archive-date=2012-11-10 }}</ref> among music critics. Magma uses choirs extensively in a way reminiscent of the composer [[Carl Orff]].<ref>{{cite web\|author=François Couture \|url=http://www.allmusic.com/album/wurdah-%C3tah-tristan-et-iseult-mw0001189854 \|title=Wurdah Ïtah/Tristan et Iseult - Christian Vander, Magma : Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards \|publisher=AllMusic \|access-date=2012-11-14}}</ref> Magma's music is also highly influenced by [[jazz]] [[saxophone]] player [[John Coltrane]], and Vander has said that "it is still Coltrane who actually gives me the real material to work on, to be able to move on".<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.furious.com/perfect/magma.html#interview \|title=Christian Vander Interview by George Allen and Robert Pearson, April 22, 1995 \|publisher=Furious.com \|date=1995-04-22 \|access-date=2011-10-30}}</ref> Many of the musicians who have played with Magma have also formed solo projects or spinoff acts. The Kobaïan term [[#Zeuhl\|Zeuhl]] has come to refer to the musical style of these bands and the French [[jazz fusion]]/[[symphonic rock]] scene that grew around them.<ref name=Zeuhl>{{cite web\|url=http://www.progarchives.com/subgenre.asp?style=11 \|title=Zeuhl, a progressive rock music sub-genre [sic] \|publisher=Progarchives.com \|access-date=2012-11-14}}</ref> Besides [[Christian Vander (musician)\|Christian Vander]], other well-known Magma alumni include the violinist [[Didier Lockwood]], bassist-composer [[Jannick Top\|Jannick "Janik" Top]],<ref>{{cite web\|author=Jannick Top \|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/jannick-top-mn0001623378 \|title=Jannick Top - Music Biography, Credits and Discography \|publisher=AllMusic \|access-date=2012-11-14}}</ref> and spinoff act [[Weidorje]].<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.progarchives.com/artist.asp?id=1075 \|title=WEIDORJE music, discography, MP3, videos and reviews \|publisher=Progarchives.com \|access-date=2012-11-14}}</ref> ====Fandom==== The band has a number of high-profile fans. Punk rock singer [[John Lydon\|Johnny Rotten]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.johnlydon.com/interviews/pil04.html \|title=Interviews \| 'The Public Image', January 2004 \|publisher=John Lydon.Com \|access-date=2012-11-14}}</ref> metal musician [[Kristoffer Rygg]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.avantgarde-metal.com/content/stories2.php?id=127 \|title=Stories: Ulver – Born Again From The Merciless Mother \|publisher=Avant-garde Metal \|access-date=2012-11-14}}</ref> [[Steven Wilson]] of [[Porcupine Tree]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://cartiledgeworld.co.uk/wilson.html \|title=Perfect 10: Steven Wilson interview and photograph \|publisher=Cartiledgeworld.co.uk \|access-date=2012-11-14}}</ref> [[Mikael Åkerfeldt]] of [[Opeth]],<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.roadburn.com/2013/10/seminal-progressive-rock-pioneers-magma-confirmed-mikael-akerfeldts-curated-2014-roadburn-event/ \|title=Seminal Progressive Rock Pioneers Magma Confirmed For Mikael Åkerfeldt's Curated 2014 Roadburn Event \|publisher=Roadburn \|access-date=2013-12-17 \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217223942/http://www.roadburn.com/2013/10/seminal-progressive-rock-pioneers-magma-confirmed-mikael-akerfeldts-curated-2014-roadburn-event/ \|archive-date=2013-12-17 }}</ref> [[Bruce Dickinson]] of [[Iron Maiden]],<ref>{{Cite web \|title=La radio de Bruce Dickinson, chanteur de Iron Maiden \|url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/la-radio-de/la-radio-de-du-samedi-02-mars-2024-8426898 \|publisher=Radiofrance \|date=2024-03-02 \|language=fr \|access-date=2024-04-22}}</ref> [[Cattle Decapitation]] vocalist Travis Ryan,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sonicbandwagon.com/interviews/cattle-decapitation-interview \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200302002441/http://www.sonicbandwagon.com/interviews/cattle-decapitation-interview/ \|archive-date=~~2021~~2020-1203-1502 \|url-status=dead \|title=Cattle Decapitation Interview\|publisher=sonicbandwagon.com\|access-date=2020-03-01}}</ref> magician [[Penn Jillette]], and Chilean filmmaker [[Alejandro Jodorowsky]] have all stated their admiration of the band. In the 1980s, British World champion snooker player [[Steve Davis]] declared himself a passionate follower of the band since his youth and used some of his winnings to promote a series of concerts by Magma in London.<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2004/mar/07/snooker.features \|title=My obsession \|author=Lee Honeyball \|work=[[The Observer]] \|publisher=Guardian.co.uk \|access-date=2012-11-14 \|location=London \|date=2004-03-07}}</ref> Line 127 ⟶ 130: * 1971: ''[[1001° Centigrades]]'' (or ''Magma 2'') * 1973: ''[[Mëkanïk Dëstruktïẁ Kömmandöh]]'' ** 1989: ''[[Mekanïk Kommandöh]]'' (archival, original version of Mëkanïk Dëstruktïẁ Kömmandöh) * 1974: ''[[Ẁurdah Ïtah]]'' (originally ''Tristan & Iseult'' by Christian Vander) * 1974: ''[[Köhntarkösz]]'' Line 132 ⟶ 136: * 1978: ''[[Attahk]]'' * 1985: ''[[Merci (Magma album)\|Merci]]'' * 1989: ''[[Mekanïk Kommandöh]]'' (archival, original version of Mëkanïk Dëstruktïẁ Kömmandöh) * 2004: ''[[K.A (Köhntarkösz Anteria)]]'' * 2009: ''[[Ëmëhntëhtt-Ré]]'' Line 175 ⟶ 178: * 2015: ''Köhnzert Zünd'' (12 CD; Live recordings, from ''Magma Live'' to ''Trilogie Au Trianon'' plus ''Triton Zünd'' and ''Alhambra 2009'') * 2017: ''Retrospektïw'' (3 LPs. Includes ''Retrospektïw'' I, II & III series. Limited edition of 1,500 numbered copies. Also includes the comic strip.) * 2023: ''Magma une histoire de Mekanik Coffret 50 ans Mëkanïk Dëstruktïw Kömmandöh'' (7 LP's of different M.D.K. versions. Limited edition of 2,000 numbered copies) ;Videos Line 942 ⟶ 946: ===Timeline=== ====1969 to 1983==== ~~{{#tag:timeline\|~~ <timeline> #> Data master on frWiki [[:fr:Magma_(groupe)]], please also actualize: [[:de:Magma_(Band)]], [[:fi:Magma_(yhtye)]]! <# ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:15 PlotArea = left:120 bottom:80 top:0 right:50 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1969 till:3130/1206/~~2016~~1985 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy Colors = ~~id:vocals value:red legend:Vocals~~ ~~id:guitar value:green legend:Guitar~~ ~~id:bass value:blue legend:Bass~~ ~~id:doublebass value:oceanblue legend:Double_bass~~ id:drums value:orange legend:Drums id:~~percu~~ vocals value:~~claret~~red legend:~~Percussions~~Vocals id:keys value:purple legend:Keyboards id:~~sax~~ bass value:~~skyblue~~blue legend:~~Saxophone~~Bass id:~~trump~~ guitar value:~~yelloworange~~green legend:~~Trumpet~~Guitar id:~~violon~~sax value:~~drabgreen~~tan2 legend:~~Violin~~Saxophone id:~~Lines~~percu value:~~black~~ claret legend:~~Studio_album_release~~Percussions id:doublebass value:darkblue legend:Double_bass id:trump value:skyblue legend:Trumpet id:violon value:drabgreen legend:Violin id:studio value:black legend:Studio_album id:live value:gray(0.75) legend:Live_album_(latest_recording_date) id:bars value:gray(0.93) BackgroundColors = bars:bars Legend = position:bottom columns:1 ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:21 start:1969 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:12 start:1970 BarData = bar:Christian text:"Christian Vander" bar:~~MarcD~~ Thibault text:"~~Marc~~Laurent ~~Delouya~~Thibault" bar:~~Jean-C~~Garber text:"~~Jean-Claude~~René ~~Buire~~Garber" † bar:~~Lucien~~Zabu text:"Lucien Zabuski" † bar:Moze text:"Francis Moze" bar:Ferry text:"Jean-Jacques Ferry" bar:Goger text:"Erik Goger" bar:Eddie text:"Eddie Rabin" bar:Engel text:"Claude Engel" bar:Morizur text:"René Morizur" † bar:Marco text:"Guy Marco" bar:Klaus text:"Klaus Blasquiz" bar:Vidal text:"Jacky Vidal" bar:Raux text:"Richard Raux" bar:Paco text:"Paco Charlery" † bar:Faton text:"Faton Cahen" † bar:Teddy text:"Teddy Lasry" † bar:Jeff text:"Yochk’o Seffer" bar:Louis text:"Louis Toesca" † bar:Jean-Luc text:"Jean-Luc Manderlier" bar:Lembert text:"Jean-Pierre Lembert" bar:Stella text:"Stella Vander" bar:~~Liza~~ Fosset text:"~~Liza~~Marc ~~Deluxe~~Fosset" † bar:~~Flo~~ Mickey text:"~~Florence~~Michel ~~Bertaux~~Graillier" † bar:~~Maria~~ Gérard text:"~~Maria~~Gérard ~~Popkiewicz~~Bikialo" ~~bar:Julie text:"Julie Vander"~~ ~~bar:Isabelle text:"Isabelle Feuillebois"~~ ~~bar:Addie text:"Addie Déat"~~ ~~bar:Jean-Fr text:"Jean-François Déat"~~ ~~bar:Antoine text:"Antoine Paganotti"~~ ~~bar:Herve text:"Hervé Aknin"~~ ~~bar:Jean-Jac text:"Jean-Jacques Ferry"~~ ~~bar:Eric text:"Eric Grimbert"~~ ~~bar:Claude text:"Claude Engel"~~ ~~bar:Marc text:"Marc Fosset"~~ ~~bar:Claude2 text:"Claude Olmos"~~ ~~bar:Gabriel text:"Gabriel Federow"~~ ~~bar:Jean text:"Jean De Antoni"~~ ~~bar:Jean-Luc2 text:"Jean-Luc Chevalier"~~ ~~bar:Jean-Michel text:"Jean-Michel Kajdan"~~ ~~bar:Franck text:"Franck Vedel"~~ ~~bar:MacGaw text:"James Mac Gaw"~~ ~~bar:Laurent text:"Laurent Thibault"~~ ~~bar:Jacky text:"Jacky Vidal"~~ ~~bar:Jean-Pierre text:"Jean-Pierre Lembert"~~ bar:Jannick text:"Jannick Top" bar:Olmos text:"Claude Olmos" † bar:Bernard text:"Bernard Paganotti" bar:~~Guy2~~ Didier text:"~~Guy~~Didier ~~Delacroix~~Lockwood" † bar:~~Dominique~~Jean-Pol text:"~~Dominique~~Jean-Pol ~~Bertram~~Asseline" † ~~bar:Michel2 text:"Michel Hervé"~~ ~~bar:MarcE text:"Marc Éliard"~~ ~~bar:Jean-Marc text:"Jean-Marc Duroure"~~ ~~bar:Philippe text:"Philippe Dardelle"~~ ~~bar:Philippe2 text:"Philippe Bussonnet"~~ ~~bar:Francis text:"Francis Moze"~~ ~~bar:Michel text:"Michel Graillier"~~ ~~bar:Eddy text:"Eddy Rabbin"~~ ~~bar:Faton text:"Faton Cahen"~~ ~~bar:Jean-Luc text:"Jean-Luc Manderlier"~~ ~~bar:Gérard text:"Gérard Bikialo"~~ ~~bar:Jean-Pol text:"Jean-Pol Asseline"~~ bar:Benoît text:"Benoît Widemann" bar:Gabriel text:"Gabriel Federow" bar:Patrick text:"Patrick Gauthier" bar:~~Francis2~~ Delacroix text:"~~Francis~~Guy ~~Lockwood~~Delacroix" bar:~~André~~Jean text:"~~André~~Jean ~~Hervé~~de Antoni" † bar:~~Emmanuel~~Bailly text:"~~Emmanuel~~Clément ~~Borghi~~Bailly" bar:~~Pierre-M~~Fouquey text:"Jean Pierre~~-Michel~~ ~~Sivadier~~Fouquey" bar:~~Fred~~Liza text:"~~Fred~~Liza ~~d'Oelsnitz~~Deluxe" bar:~~Benoît2~~Flo text:"~~Benoît~~Florence ~~Alziary~~Bertault" bar:~~Bruno~~Gorgo text:"~~Bruno~~Jean-Luc ~~Ruder~~Chevalier" bar:~~Jérémie~~Michel2 text:"~~Jérémie~~Michel ~~Ternoy~~Hervé" bar:~~René~~ André text:"~~René~~André ~~Morizur~~Hervé" † bar:~~René2~~Maria text:"~~René~~Maria ~~Garber~~Popkiewicz" † bar:~~Richard~~ Salmieri text:"~~Richard~~Claude ~~Raux~~Salmieri" bar:~~Jeff~~ Laizeau text:"~~Jeff~~François ~~Seffer~~Laizeau" bar:~~Teddy~~ Zuress text:"~~Teddy~~Guy ~~Lasry~~Khalifa" bar:~~Guy~~ Alain.G text:"~~Guy~~Alain ~~Marco~~Guillard" bar:~~Paco~~ Yvon.G text:"~~Paco~~Yvon ~~Charlery~~Guilard" bar:~~Louis~~ Dominique text:"~~Louis~~Dominique ~~Toesca~~Bertram" bar:~~Didier~~Doudou text:"~~Didier~~Doudou ~~Lockwood~~Weiss" bar:Leroux text:"Philippe Leroux" bar:Moerlen text:"Pierre Moerlen" † bar:Eliard text:"Marc Éliard" bar:Kokelaere text:"François Kokelaere" bar:Manu text:"Manu Leprince" bar:Guida text:"Guida De Palma" PlotData= width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-42) bar:~~Lucien~~ Christian from:01/01/1969 till:0130/0806/~~1969~~1983 color:~~vocals~~drums bar:~~Klaus~~ Bailly from:01/0901/~~1969~~1977 till:0131/0912/~~1976~~1977 color:~~vocals~~drums bar:~~Klaus~~ Salmieri from:01/1103/~~1976~~1979 till:0131/0203/1979 color:~~vocals~~ drums bar:~~Klaus~~ Laizeau from:01/0104/~~1980~~1979 till:0111/1006/1980 color:~~vocals~~drums bar:~~Klaus~~ Doudou from:01/02/~~1990~~1981 till:3130/1209/~~1990~~1981 color:~~vocals~~drums bar:~~Klaus~~ Leroux from:01/0109/~~1992~~1981 till:3130/1209/~~1992~~1981 color:~~vocals~~drums bar:~~Stella~~ Moerlen from:3101/1210/~~1972~~1981 till:0130/0911/~~1976~~1981 color:~~vocals~~drums bar:~~Stella~~ Laizeau from:01/1112/~~1976~~1981 till:0130/0206/~~1979~~1983 color:~~vocals~~drums ~~bar:Stella from:01/06/1979 till:01/02/1985 color:vocals~~ ~~bar:Stella from:01/02/1990 till:end color:vocals~~ ~~bar:Liza from:01/03/1976 till:01/09/1976 color:vocals~~ ~~bar:Liza from:01/06/1977 till:01/02/1979 color:vocals~~ ~~bar:Liza from:01/01/1980 till:31/12/1984 color:vocals~~ ~~bar:Flo from:01/01/1977 till:01/06/1977 color:vocals~~ ~~bar:Julie from:01/02/1990 till:31/12/1991 color:vocals~~ ~~bar:Julie from:01/07/1992 till:01/07/1996 color:vocals~~ ~~bar:Julie from:12/05/2000 till:14/05/2000 color:vocals~~ ~~bar:Isabelle from:01/02/1990 till:end color:vocals~~ ~~bar:Addie from:01/02/1990 till:31/12/1991 color:vocals~~ ~~bar:Jean-Fr from:01/02/1990 till:31/12/1990 color:vocals~~ ~~bar:Jean-Fr from:01/07/1996 till:01/07/1997 color:vocals~~ ~~bar:Antoine from:01/01/1999 till:11/02/2008 color:vocals~~ ~~bar:Herve from:01/01/2008 till:end color:vocals~~ ~~bar:Jean-Jac from:01/01/1969 till:01/04/1969 color:guitar~~ ~~bar:Eric from:01/01/1969 till:01/04/1969 color:guitar~~ ~~bar:Claude from:01/04/1969 till:01/12/1971 color:guitar~~ ~~bar:Claude from:01/06/1980 till:01/12/1980 color:guitar~~ ~~bar:Marc from:15/01/1973 till:01/03/1973 color:guitar~~ ~~bar:Claude2 from:15/01/1973 till:01/08/1974 color:guitar~~ ~~bar:Jean-Luc2 from:01/06/1978 till:01/02/1979 color:guitar~~ ~~bar:Jean-Luc2 from:01/06/1979 till:01/12/1979 color:guitar~~ ~~bar:Jean-Luc2 from:01/01/1980 till:01/01/1985 color:guitar~~ ~~bar:Franck from:01/02/1990 till:31/12/1990 color:guitar~~ ~~bar:Franck from:01/07/1996 till:01/10/1997 color:guitar~~ ~~bar:MacGaw from:01/10/1997 till:end color:guitar~~ ~~bar:Laurent from:01/01/1969 till:01/01/1970 color:bass~~ ~~bar:Jacky from:01/09/1969 till:01/01/1970 color:bass~~ ~~bar:Francis from:01/01/1970 till:31/12/1970 color:bass~~ ~~bar:Francis from:01/06/1980 till:01/12/1980 color:bass~~ ~~bar:Francis from:01/10/1984 till:01/02/1985 color:bass~~ ~~bar:Jean-Pierre from:31/12/1972 till:01/03/1973 color:bass~~ ~~bar:Bernard from:01/01/1975 till:01/09/1976 color:bass~~ ~~bar:Bernard from:01/11/1976 till:01/01/1977 color:bass~~ ~~bar:Bernard from:01/06/1980 till:01/12/1980 color:bass~~ ~~bar:Jannick from:01/03/1973 till:01/11/1974 color:bass~~ ~~bar:Jannick from:01/03/1976 till:01/09/1976 color:bass~~ ~~bar:Jannick from:01/10/1980 till:01/06/1981 color:bass~~ ~~bar:Philippe2 from:01/01/1995 till:end color:bass~~ bar:~~Christian~~Zabu from:01/01/1969 till:01/0908/~~1976~~1969 color:~~drums~~vocals bar:~~Christian~~Klaus from:01/0109/1969 till:0130/0906/~~1976~~1980 color:vocals ~~width:3~~ ~~bar:Christian from:01/11/1976 till:01/02/1979 color:drums~~ ~~bar:Christian from:01/11/1976 till:01/02/1979 color:vocals width:3~~ ~~bar:Christian from:01/06/1979 till:01/02/1985 color:drums~~ ~~bar:Christian from:01/06/1979 till:01/02/1985 color:vocals width:3~~ ~~bar:Christian from:01/02/1990 till:end color:drums~~ ~~bar:Christian from:01/02/1990 till:end color:vocals width:3~~ ~~bar:MarcD from:01/02/1990 till:31/12/1990 color:drums~~ bar:~~Jean-C~~Stella from:0125/0211/~~1990~~1972 till:3125/1211/~~1990~~1972 color:~~percu~~vocals bar:Stella from:01/07/1973 till:31/08/1973 color:vocals bar:Stella from:01/02/1975 till:30/09/1975 color:vocals bar:Stella from:01/01/1976 till:31/03/1976 color:vocals bar:Stella from:01/05/1977 till:31/07/1977 color:vocals bar:Stella from:01/09/1978 till:30/06/1983 color:vocals bar:Maria from:01/09/1978 till:11/06/1980 color:vocals bar:Liza from:01/05/1977 till:31/07/1977 color:vocals bar:Liza from:01/09/1978 till:31/12/1981 color:vocals bar:Liza from:01/01/1983 till:30/06/1983 color:vocals bar:Flo from:01/05/1977 till:31/07/1977 color:vocals bar:Zuress from:01/02/1981 till:30/06/1983 color:vocals bar:Manu from:01/05/1982 till:30/06/1982 color:vocals bar:Guida from:01/01/1983 till:30/06/1983 color:vocals bar:~~Francis~~ Thibault from:01/01/1969 till:01/0410/1969 color:~~keys~~bass bar:~~Eddy~~Moze from:01/0411/1969 till:0131/0908/~~1969~~1972 color:~~keys~~bass bar:~~Faton~~Moze from:~~01/~~09/~~1969~~06/1980 till:3111/1206/~~1972~~1980 color:~~keys~~bass bar:~~Faton~~ Lembert from:01/0609/~~1980~~1972 till:0124/1203/~~1980~~1973 color:~~keys~~bass bar:~~Jean-Luc~~Jannick from:3127/1203/~~1971~~1973 till:~~01/~~05/~~1973~~10/1974 color:~~keys~~bass bar:~~Michel~~ Jannick from:3101/1210/~~1972~~1976 till:1530/0111/~~1973~~1976 color:~~keys~~bass bar:~~Michel~~ Bernard from:01/0501/~~1973~~1975 till:31/1208/~~1973~~1976 color:~~keys~~bass bar:~~Michel~~ Bernard from:01/0312/~~1969~~1976 till:31/01/~~09/1976~~1977 color:~~keys~~bass bar:~~Michel~~ Bernard from:0109/06/~~1982~~1980 till:0111/1006/~~1983~~1980 color:~~keys~~bass bar:~~Gérard~~ Delacroix from:1527/01/~~1973~~1977 till:0131/0312/~~1973~~1977 color:~~keys~~bass bar:~~Gérard~~Gorgo from:01/0309/~~1974~~1978 till:0130/0806/~~1974~~1983 color:~~keys~~bass bar:~~Jean-Pol~~Michel2 from:01/09/~~1974~~1978 till:0131/08/~~1975~~1979 color:~~keys~~bass bar:~~Jean-Pol~~ Dominique from:0109/1106/~~1976~~1980 till:0131/0108/~~1977~~1981 color:~~keys~~bass bar:~~Benoît~~Eliard from:01/09/~~1974~~1981 till:0130/0906/~~1976~~1983 color:~~keys~~bass ~~bar:Benoît from:01/11/1976 till:01/06/1978 color:keys~~ ~~bar:Benoît from:01/06/1979 till:01/06/1982 color:keys~~ ~~bar:Patrick from:01/09/1975 till:01/09/1976 color:keys~~ ~~bar:Patrick from:01/06/1980 till:01/12/1980 color:keys~~ ~~bar:Patrick from:01/06/1981 till:01/06/1982 color:keys~~ ~~bar:Patrick from:01/01/1983 till:01/12/1983 color:keys~~ ~~bar:Patrick from:01/01/1992 till:01/07/1992 color:keys~~ ~~bar:Fred from:01/03/2003 till:01/01/2005 color:keys~~ ~~bar:Jérémie from:01/01/2012 till:end color:keys~~ ~~bar:Bruno from:01/01/2008 till:01/01/2012 color:keys~~ ~~bar:Benoît2 from:01/02/2006 till:end color:keys~~ ~~bar:Benoît2 from:01/02/2006 till:end color:percu width:3~~ bar:~~Guy~~ Moze from:01/0405/1969 till:0131/0907/1969 color:~~trump~~keys bar:~~Paco~~ Eddie from:01/0904/1969 till:0131/0810/~~1970~~1969 color:~~trump~~keys bar:~~Paco~~ Faton from:01/0911/1969 till:0131/0810/~~1970~~1972 color:~~trump~~keys bar:~~Louis~~Faton from:1509/0106/~~1971~~1980 till:3111/1206/~~1972~~1980 color:~~trump~~keys bar:~~Louis~~ Jean-Luc from:01/0605/~~1980~~1972 till:01/1208/~~1980~~1973 color:~~trump~~keys bar:Mickey from:01/10/1972 till:31/10/1972 color:keys bar:Mickey from:01/06/1973 till:30/09/1974 color:keys bar:Mickey from:01/10/1976 till:30/11/1976 color:keys bar:Gérard from:01/11/1972 till:05/10/1974 color:keys bar:Jean-Pol from:01/01/1975 till:30/06/1975 color:keys bar:Benoît from:01/01/1975 till:31/08/1976 color:keys bar:Benoît from:01/12/1976 till:31/12/1977 color:keys bar:Benoît from:09/06/1980 till:31/08/1981 color:keys bar:Patrick from:01/09/1975 till:31/08/1976 color:keys bar:Patrick from:09/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:keys bar:Patrick from:01/10/1982 till:30/06/1983 color:keys bar:Fouquey from:01/05/1977 till:31/05/1977 color:keys bar:Fouquey from:01/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:keys bar:Fouquey from:01/09/1981 till:30/06/1983 color:keys bar:André from:01/09/1978 till:31/08/1979 color:keys bar:Goger from:01/05/1969 till:31/07/1969 color:guitar bar:Ferry from:01/05/1969 till:31/07/1969 color:guitar bar:Engel from:01/08/1969 till:31/01/1971 color:guitar bar:Engel from:09/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:guitar bar:Fosset from:01/11/1972 till:30/11/1972 color:guitar bar:Olmos from:27/03/1973 till:28/04/1974 color:guitar bar:Gabriel from:01/01/1975 till:31/03/1976 color:guitar bar:Gabriel from:01/10/1976 till:31/01/1977 color:guitar bar:Gabriel from:09/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:guitar bar:Jean from:27/01/1977 till:31/07/1977 color:guitar bar:Gorgo from:01/09/1978 till:30/06/1983 color:guitar bar:~~René~~ Kokelaere from:01/0402/~~1969~~1982 till:0130/0906/~~1969~~1983 color:~~sax~~Percu ~~bar:René2 from:01/04/1969 till:01/09/1976 color:sax~~ bar:~~René2~~ Morizur from:01/1108/~~1976~~1969 till:0131/0210/~~1979~~1969 color:sax bar:~~René2~~ Garber from:01/0601/~~1979~~1969 till:0131/1012/~~1984~~1969 color:sax bar:~~Richard~~Garber from:01/09/~~1969~~1972 till:0131/0812/~~1970~~1973 color:sax bar:~~Richard~~Garber from:01/1009/~~1980~~1977 till:0131/0612/~~1981~~1977 color:sax bar:~~Jeff~~ Garber from:01/0809/~~1970~~1978 till:31/1207/~~1972~~1979 color:sax bar:~~Jeff~~Raux from:01/0611/~~1980~~1969 till:0130/1211/~~1980~~1970 color:sax bar:~~Teddy~~Jeff from:01/0102/~~1970~~1971 till:31/1208/1972 color:sax bar:~~Teddy~~Jeff from:0109/0306/~~1973~~1980 till:0111/0806/~~1974~~1980 color:sax bar:Teddy from:01/0601/~~1980~~1970 till:0131/1210/~~1980~~1972 color:sax bar:Teddy from:07/07/1973 till:10/07/1973 color:sax bar:Teddy from:09/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:sax bar:Alain.G from:01/02/1981 till:27/02/1982 color:sax bar:Morizur from:10/12/1981 till:10/12/1981 color:sax bar:~~Gabriel~~Marco from:01/0908/~~1974~~1969 till:0131/0910/~~1976~~1969 color:~~guitar~~ trump bar:~~Gabriel~~Paco from:01/11/~~1976~~1969 till:0130/0111/~~1977~~1970 color:~~guitar~~ trump bar:~~Gabriel~~Louis from:15/01/~~06/1980~~1971 till:0130/1206/~~1980~~1972 color:~~guitar~~trump bar:Louis from:09/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:trump bar:Louis from:10/12/1981 till:10/12/1981 color:trump bar:Yvon.G from:01/02/1981 till:27/02/1982 color:trump bar:Didier from:01/01/1975 till:30/11/1976 color:violon bar:Didier from:09/06/1980 till:11/06/1980 color:violon bar:~~Didier~~Vidal from:01/09/~~1974~~1969 till:01/0901/~~1976~~1970 color:~~violon~~doublebass ~~bar:Didier from:01/06/1980 till:01/12/1980 color:violon~~ ~~bar:Didier from:01/01/1992 till:31/12/1992 color:violon~~ ~~bar:Didier from:01/01/1992 till:01/07/1992 color:violon~~ width:3 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-2) ~~bar:Jean from:01/01/1977 till:31/12/1977 color:guitar~~ bar:~~Jean~~ Christian from:01/0601/~~1979~~1969 till:3130/1206/~~1979~~1983 color:~~guitar~~ vocals ~~bar:Guy2 from:01/01/1977 till:01/02/1979 color:bass~~ ~~bar:Guy2 from:01/10/1984 till:01/02/1985 color:bass~~ width:7 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-2) ~~bar:André from:01/06/1978 till:01/02/1979 color:keys~~ bar:~~André~~ Christian from:01/0601/~~1979~~1969 till:3130/1206/~~1979~~1983 color:keys bar:~~Emmanuel~~Bailly from:01/0201/~~1990~~1977 till:31/12/~~1991~~1977 color:keys bar:~~Emmanuel~~Gorgo from:01/0709/~~1992~~1978 till:0130/0706/~~1996~~1983 color:~~keys~~bass bar:~~Emmanuel~~Klaus from:01/1009/~~1997~~1969 till:3130/1206/~~2008~~1980 color:~~keys~~Percu ~~bar:Pierre-M from:01/02/1990 till:31/12/1991 color:keys~~ ~~bar:Pierre-M from:01/07/1992 till:31/12/1998 color:keys~~ ~~bar:Maria from:01/06/1978 till:01/02/1979 color:vocals~~ ~~bar:Maria from:01/06/1979 till:01/02/1983 color:vocals~~ LineData = ~~bar:Dominique from:01/10/1979 till:01/02/1985 color:bass~~ at:01/10/1970 color:studio layer:back #> Magma Kobaïa <# ~~bar:Francis2 from:01/10/1979 till:01/06/1980 color:keys~~ at:05/10/1971 color:studio layer:back #> 1001° Centigrades <# ~~bar:Francis2 from:01/10/1980 till:01/06/1981 color:keys~~ at:12/11/1971 color:live layer:back #> Concert 1971 Bruxelles Théâtre 14 <# ~~bar:Michel2 from:01/10/1979 till:01/06/1980 color:bass~~ at:01/01/1972 color:live layer:back #> Univeria Zekt: The Unnamables <# ~~bar:MarcE from:01/02/1990 till:31/12/1990 color:bass~~ at:06/05/1973 color:studio layer:back #> Mekanïk Destruktïw Kommandöh <# at:06/02/1974 color:live layer:back #> Zühn Ẁöhl Ünsaï Live 1974 Bremen <# at:14/03/1974 color:live layer:back #> BBC 1974 Radio Londres <# at:17/03/1974 color:live layer:back #> Marquee Club 1974 <# at:15/06/1974 color:studio layer:back #> Ẁurdah Ïtah <# at:10/09/1974 color:studio layer:back #> Köhntarkösz <# at:01/01/1975 color:live layer:back #> Inédits <# at:05/06/1975 color:live layer:back #> Live Köhnark (Köhnzert Zünd) <# at:05/06/1975 color:live layer:back #> Live / Hhaï <# at:24/09/1975 color:live layer:back #> Théâtre du Taur, Concert 197 <# at:10/09/1976 color:studio layer:back #> Üdü Ẁüdü <# at:02/03/1976 color:live layer:back #> Concert 1976 Opéra de Reims <# at:05/03/1978 color:studio layer:back #> Attahk <# at:17/04/1979 color:live layer:back #> Bourges 1979 <# at:11/06/1980 color:live layer:back #> Retrospektïẁ I-II <# at:11/06/1980 color:live layer:back #> Retrospektïẁ III <# at:30/05/1981 color:live layer:back #> Concert Bobino 1981 <# at:04/05/1985 color:studio layer:back #> Merci <# </timeline> ====1990 until today==== <timeline> #> Data master on frWiki [[:fr:Magma_(groupe)]], please also actualize: [[:de:Magma_(Band)]], [[:fi:Magma_(yhtye)]]! <# ImageSize = width:1000 height:auto barincrement:15 PlotArea = left:120 bottom:80 top:0 right:50 Alignbars = justify DateFormat = dd/mm/yyyy Period = from:01/01/1989 till:31/12/2023 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal format:yyyy Colors = id:drums value:orange legend:Drums id:vocals value:red legend:Vocals id:keys value:purple legend:Keyboards id:bass value:blue legend:Bass id:guitar value:green legend:Guitar id:sax value:tan2 legend:Saxophone id:percu value:claret legend:Percussions id:vibra value:lightpurple legend:Vibraphone #> id:doublebass value:darkblue legend:Double_bass <# #> id:trump value:skyblue legend:Trumpet <# id:studio value:black legend:Studio_album id:live value:gray(0.75) legend:Live_album_(latest_recording_date) id:bars value:gray(0.93) BackgroundColors = bars:bars Legend = position:bottom columns:1 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1990 ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:2 start:1990 BarData = bar:Christian text:"Christian Vander" bar:Stella text:"Stella Vander" bar:Isabelle text:"Isabelle Feuillebois" bar:Simon text:"Simon Goubert" bar:Emmanuel text:"Emmanuel Borghi" bar:Pierre-M text:"Pierre-Michel Sivadier" bar:Klaus text:"Klaus Blasquiz" bar:Patrick text:"Patrick Gauthier" bar:Eliard text:"Marc Éliard" bar:Julie text:"Julie Vander" bar:Addie text:"Addie Déat" bar:Gamet text:"Jean Christophe Gamet" bar:JFDéat text:"Jean-François Déat" bar:Lydia text:"Lydia Domancich" bar:Ragu text:"Benedicte Ragu" bar:cardiet text:"Bertrand Cardiet" bar:Vedel text:"Franck Vedel" bar:Jean-Marc text:"Jean-Marc Duroure" bar:Bubu text:"Philippe Bussonnet" bar:Cardiet text:"Bertrand Cardiet" bar:James text:"James Mac Gaw" † bar:Antoine text:"Antoine Paganotti" bar:Himiko text:"Himiko Paganotti" bar:D'Oelsnitz text:"Fred D'Oelsnitz" bar:Benoît text:"Benoît Alziary" bar:Hervé text:"Hervé Aknin" bar:Ruder text:"Bruno Ruder" bar:Ternoy text:"Jeremy Ternoy" bar:Martineau text:"Jerôme Martineau" bar:Jim text:"Jim Grandcamp" bar:Rudy text:"Rudy Blas" bar:Sylvie text:"Sylvie Fisichella" bar:Laura text:"Laura Guarrato" bar:Sandrine text:"Sandrine Destefanis" bar:Caroline text:"Caroline Indjein" bar:Jimmy text:"Jimmy Top" bar:Thierry text:"Thierry Eliez" PlotData= width:11 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-2) bar:Christian from:01/02/1990 till:15/12/1995 color:drums bar:Christian from:03/12/1996 till:end color:drums bar:Stella from:01/02/1990 till:15/12/1995 color:vocals bar:Stella from:03/12/1996 till:end color:vocals bar:Klaus from:01/02/1990 till:31/12/1990 color:vocals bar:isabelle from:01/02/1990 till:15/12/1995 color:vocals bar:isabelle from:03/12/1996 till:end color:vocals bar:Klaus from:01/01/1992 till:31/12/1992 color:vocals bar:Julie from:21/02/1990 till:21/02/1990 color:vocals bar:Julie from:01/03/1991 till:31/10/1995 color:vocals bar:Julie from:12/05/2000 till:14/05/2000 color:vocals bar:Addie from:01/02/1990 till:31/03/1991 color:vocals bar:Addie from:01/07/1992 till:31/05/1994 color:vocals bar:Addie from:01/10/1995 till:30/10/1995 color:vocals bar:Addie from:01/10/1995 till:30/10/1995 color:vocals bar:Gamet from:01/03/1991 till:30/03/1991 color:vocals bar:Gamet from:01/07/1992 till:31/10/1995 color:vocals bar:Gamet from:01/03/1999 till:31/08/2001 color:vocals bar:Ragu from:01/07/1992 till:31/05/1994 color:vocals bar:Ragu from:01/10/1995 till:31/10/1995 color:vocals bar:Cardiet from:01/12/1996 till:28/11/1998 color:vocals bar:Antoine from:20/03/1999 till:11/02/2008 color:vocals bar:Himiko from:30/01/2002 till:11/02/2008 color:vocals bar:Hervé from:26/03/2008 till:end color:vocals bar:Sandrine from:26/06/2019 till:14/09/2021 color:vocals bar:Sylvie from:26/06/2019 till:end color:vocals bar:Laura from:26/06/2019 till:end color:vocals bar:Caroline from:15/09/2021 till:end color:vocals bar:Eliard from:01/02/1990 till:27/02/1990 color:bass bar:Jean-Marc from:01/02/1990 till:31/12/1990 color:bass bar:Bubu from:01/03/1991 till:31/03/1991 color:bass bar:Bubu from:01/10/1995 till:31/10/1995 color:bass bar:Bubu from:03/12/1996 till:04/11/2019 color:bass bar:Jimmy from:29/02/2020 till:end color:bass ~~bar:Philippe from:01/02/1990 till:31/12/1990 color:doublebass~~ ~~bar:Philippe from:01/07/1992 till:01/07/1996 color:doublebass~~ bar:~~Jean-Michel~~Patrick from:0115/10/~~1979~~1992 till:0118/0210/~~1980~~1992 color:~~guitar~~ keys bar:~~Jean-Michel~~Patrick from:0109/1007/~~1980~~1993 till:0110/0207/~~1982~~1993 color:~~guitar~~keys bar:Patrick from:01/01/1994 till:31/05/1994 color:keys bar:Simon from:01/07/1992 till:31/05/1994 color:keys bar:Simon from:01/10/1995 till:31/10/1995 color:keys bar:Simon from:01/12/1996 till:19/12/1996 color:keys bar:Emmanuel from:17/07/1997 till:11/02/2008 color:keys bar:Pierre-M from:01/04/1993 till:30/10/1995 color:keys bar:Pierre-M from:14/03/1997 till:31/05/1998 color:keys bar:JFDéat from:01/02/1990 till:31/03/1991 color:keys bar:JFDéat from:01/07/1992 till:31/05/1994 color:keys bar:JFDéat from:01/12/1996 till:31/05/1997 color:keys bar:Lydia from:01/02/1992 till:31/07/1992 color:keys bar:Lydia from:01/01/1994 till:31/10/1995 color:keys bar:D'Oelsnitz from:01/01/2003 till:30/11/2005 color:keys bar:Ruder from:26/03/2008 till:31/12/2011 color:keys bar:Ternoy from:01/04/2012 till:31/10/2015 color:keys bar:Martineau from:01/11/2015 till:04/11/2019 color:keys bar:Simon from:29/02/2020 till:end color:keys bar:Thierry from:29/02/2020 till:end color:keys bar:Vedel from:01/02/1990 till:31/12/1990 color:guitar bar:Vedel from:03/12/1996 till:31/05/1997 color:guitar bar:James from:17/07/1997 till:05/06/2015 color:guitar bar:Jim from:21/11/2015 till:02/04/2016 color:guitar bar:Rudy from:08/06/2016 till:end color:guitar bar:Benoît from:01/07/2006 till:04/11/2019 color:vibra width:3 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-2) bar:Christian from:01/02/1990 till:15/12/1995 color:vocals bar:Christian from:03/12/1996 till:end color:vocals bar:Antoine from:20/03/1999 till:11/02/2008 color:drums bar:Thierry from:29/02/2020 till:end color:vocals LineData = at:01/01/~~1970~~1989 color:~~black~~studio layer:back #> Mekanïk Kommandöh <# at:0103/0110/~~1971~~1992 color:~~black~~live layer:back #> Les Voix Concert 1992 <# at:0115/0110/~~1973~~1995 color:~~black~~live layer:back #> Baba Yaga La Sorcière , quand les enfants chantent <# at:0105/0112/~~1974~~1998 color:~~black~~studio layer:back #> Flöë Ëssi/ Ëktah <# at:0114/0805/~~1974~~2000 color:~~black~~live layer:back #> Theusz Hamtaahk Trilogie <# at:01/0110/~~1976~~2004 color:~~black~~live layer:back #> K.A <# at:0117/0109/~~1978~~2005 color:~~black~~live layer:back #> Live in Tokyo <# at:0120/0110/~~1984~~2009 color:~~black~~studio layer:back #> Ëmëhntëhtt-Rê <# at:01/01/~~2004~~2008 color:~~black~~studio layer:back #> Archiw I + II (Studio Zünd) <# at:0106/0112/~~2004~~2009 color:~~black~~live layer:back #> Alhambra I + II (Köhnzert Zünd) <# at:01/0105/~~2009~~2011 color:~~black~~live layer:back #> Triton Zünd Zëlëkt I (Köhnzert Zünd), Mythes et Légendes Epok I - IV <# at:02/07/2011 color:live layer:back #> Triton Zünd Zëlëkt II (Köhnzert Zünd), Mythes et Légendes Epok V <# ~~at:01/01/2012 color:black layer:back~~ at:0103/0107/~~2014~~2012 color:~~black~~studio layer:back #> Félicité Thösz <# at:0115/0109/~~2015~~2014 color:~~black~~studio layer:back #> Rïah Sahïltaahk <# at:21/11/2014 color:live layer:back #> Ëmëhntëtt-Rê Trilogie Triton(DVD) <# at:10/01/2015 color:studio layer:back #> Slag Tanz <# at:14/06/2019 color:studio layer:back #> Zess (Le Jour Du Néant) <# at:08/03/2020 color:live layer:back #> ESKÄHL 2020 <# at:30/09/2022 color:studio layer:back #> Kartëhl <# </timeline> }} ==See also== Line 1,209 ⟶ 1,362: ==Reading list== * {{Cite book\|last=Macan \|first=Edward \|title=Rocking the classics: English progressive rock and the counterculture \|publisher=Oxford University Press US \|year=1997 \|page=1976 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4U_NJpF_FmIC&pg=RA2-PA1976 \|isbn=0-19-509888-9}} * {{Cite thesis \|first=Reuben \|last=Bradley \|title=From Coltrane to Magma and beyond: Interpreting musical meaning through composition \|publisher=Victoria University of Wellington \|degree=Master of Musical Arts \|date=2018 \|url=http://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/handle/10063/7780}} {{Cite book\|last=Buckley \|first=Peter \|title=The rough guide to rock \|publisher=Rough Guides \|year=2003 \|pages=629–630 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ctjc6UWCm4C&pg=PT629 \|isbn=1-84353-105-4}} {{Cite journal \|first=Kevin \|last=Holm-Hudson \|title=Apocalyptic Otherness: Black Music and Extraterrestrial Identity in the Music of Magma \|journal=Popular Music and Society \|volume=26 \|number=4 \|publisher=Routledge \|location=Abingdon \|date=2003 \|issn=0300-7766 \|pp=481–495 \|doi=10.1080/0300776032000144931}} (Analysis of the musical style of Magma) * {{Cite book\|last=Buckley \|first=Peter \|title=The rough guide to rock \|publisher=Rough Guides \|year=2003 \|pages=629–630 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ctjc6UWCm4C&pg=PT629 \|isbn=1-84353-105-4}} * {{Cite book \| last = Gonin \| first = Philippe \| author-link = \| title = Magma - Décryptage d'un mythe et d'une musique\| place = Marseille \| publisher = Le Mot et le Reste \| year = 2010\| language = fr\| isbn = 978-2-36054-000-6}} ==External links== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.seventhrecords.com/ Seventh Records], Christian Vander's record label * Dominic Leone: ''[https://trouserpress.com/reviews/magma/ Magma]'' on [[Trouser Press]] (short band history) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040124181214/http://www.utopic-records.com/ Utopic Records], Jannick Top's record label *[http://www.furious.com/perfect/magma.html The story of Magma, including the Kobaïa mythology]. ''[[Perfect Sound Forever (magazine)\|Perfect Sound Forever]]''.