Battle of Cumae: Difference between revisions

| conflict = Battle of Cumae

| partof =

| campaign =

| image = Карта к статье «Киме». Военная энциклопедия Сытина (Санкт-Петербург, 1911-1915).jpg

| caption =

| date = 524 BC (land battle)<br/>474 BCEBC (naval battle)

| place = Within the countryside surrounding Cumae (land battle)<br/>In the Bay of Naples (naval battle)

| casus = Naval control in the [[Tyrrhenian Sea]]

| territory = Loss of Etruscan territory in Italy to the [[RomeRoman people|Romans]], [[Samnites]], and [[Gaul]]s

| result = Greek victory

| combatant1 = [[Syracuse, Sicily]] <BR>[[Cumae]]

| combatant2 = [[Etruscans]]<br/>[[Umbrians]]<br/>[[Daunians]]

| commander1 = [[Hiero I of Syracuse]]

| commander2 = [[Etruscans|Etruscan]] kings

| strength1 =

| strength2 =

| casualties1 =

| casualties2 = |

The Greek city of Cumae was founded in 8th century BC in an area towards the southern Etruscan border. By 504 the southern Etruscans were defeated by the Cumaeans, but they still maintained a powerful force. In 474 they were able to raise a fleet to launch a direct attack on Cumae.<ref name= "Cumae">{{Cite web|url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_cumae_474.html|title = Naval battle of Cumae, 474 BC}}</ref>

AfterIn the naval battle, after he was called on for military assistance, [[Hiero I of Syracuse]] allied with naval forces from the maritime Greek cities of southern Italy to defend against Etruscan expansion into southern [[Italy]]. In 474, they met and defeated the Etruscan fleet at Cumae in the [[Bay of Naples]].<ref name="Brice2014">{{cite book|author=Lee L. Brice|title=Warfare in the Roman Republic: From the Etruscan Wars to the Battle of Actium: From the Etruscan Wars to the Battle of Actium|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7amSAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA277|date=21 April 2014|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-299-1|pages=277–}}</ref> After their defeat, the Etruscans lost much of their political influence in Italy. They lost control of the sea and their territories were eventually taken over by the [[Rome|Romans]], [[Samnites]], and [[Gaul]]s. The Syracusans dedicated a captured Etruscan helmet at the great [[panhellenic sanctuary]] at Olympia, a piece of armour found in the German excavations there. The Etruscans would later join the failed [[Athens|Athenian]] [[Sicilian Expedition|expedition]] against Syracuse in 415 BC, which contributed even further to their decline.{{citation needed|reason=these facts require attribution to a proper source.|date=February 2015}}

The battle was later honored in [[Pindar]]'s first Pythian Ode.<ref name="Cumae" /><ref>{{cite book|title=The Cambridge Ancient History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nqbz8Emo3PIC&pg=PA152|year=1923|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-23347-7|pages=152–}}</ref><ref name="TurnerChong-Gossard2010">{{cite book|author1=Andrew J. Turner|author2=K. O. Chong-Gossard|author3=Frederik Juliaan Vervaet|title=Private and Public Lies: The Discourse of Despotism and Deceit in the Graeco-Roman World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjC8ms0b1uAC&pg=PA55|year=2010|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-18775-87|pages=55–}}</ref>

[[Category:Naval battles ofinvolving ancient Greece|Cumae]]

[[Category:Naval battles involving ancient Syracuse|Cumae]]