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Line 1: {{Short description\|Louis Braille's original braille alphabet}} {{Infobox writing system \| name = Braille<br><small>(first edition)</small> Line 13 ⟶ 14: \| note = none }} [[Louis Braille]]'s original publication, ''Procedure for Writing Words, Music, and Plainsong in Dots'' (1829),<ref>[http://www.nfb.org/Images/nfb/Publications/braille/TheFirstPublicationoftheBrailleCode.html ''Procédé pour écrire les Paroles, la Musique, et le Plain-chant au moyen de points''] {{webarchive\|url=https://~~www~~web.~~webcitation~~archive.org/~~69o3fSsEr?url=http~~web/20150603001222/https://~~www.~~nfb.org/~~Images~~images/nfb/~~Publications~~publications/braille/~~TheFirstPublicationoftheBrailleCode~~thefirstpublicationofthebraillecode.html \|date=~~2012~~2015-0806-1003 }}</ref> credits Barbier's [[night writing]] as being the basis for the [[braille\|braille script]]. It differed in a fundamental way from modern braille: It contained nine decades (series) of characters rather than the modern five, utilizing dashes as well as dots. Braille recognized, however, that the dashes were problematic, being difficult to distinguish from the dots in practice, and those characters were abandoned in the second edition of the book. The first four decades indicated the 40 letters of the alphabet (39 letters of the French alphabet, plus English<!--not German: German was not supported until later--> ''w''); the fifth the digits; the sixth punctuation; the seventh and part of the eighth mathematical symbols. The seventh decade was also used for musical notes. Most of the remaining characters were unassigned. Line 121 ⟶ 122: \|- align=center ! VIII \|{{bc\|type=image\|B3}} <br> ~~[[∶]]~~: \|{{bc\|type=image\|B13}} <br> [[∷]] \|{{bc\|type=image\|B36}} <br> [[÷]] Line 145 ⟶ 146: \|- align=center ! Supp. \|{{bc\|type=image\|Apostrophe}} <br> [[apostrophe\|’']] \|{{bc\|type=image\|Hyphen}} <br> [[hyphen\|-]] \|{{bc\|type=image\|Ä}} <br> [[∝]] Line 201 ⟶ 202: \|- align=center !(8th) <br>   \|{{Braille cell\|type=text\|num\|⠡}} <br> [[∶Colon (punctuation)\|:]] \|{{Braille cell\|type=text\|num\|⠣}} <br> [[∷]] \|{{Braille cell\|type=text\|num\|⠩}} <br> [[÷]] Line 264 ⟶ 265: ==External links== *[http://www.nfb.org/Images/nfb/Publications/braille/TheFirstPublicationoftheBrailleCode.html Photographs of the pages of ''Procédé pour écrire les Paroles, la Musique, et le Plain-chant au moyen de points''], with French transcription and English translation (archived [https://~~www~~web.~~webcitation~~archive.org/~~69o3fSsEr?url=http~~web/20150603001222/https://~~www.~~nfb.org/~~Images~~images/nfb/~~Publications~~publications/braille/~~TheFirstPublicationoftheBrailleCode~~thefirstpublicationofthebraillecode.html here]) {{braille}} Line 270 ⟶ 271: {{Authority control}} [[Category:1829 non-fiction books]] [[Category:1829 in France]] [[Category:1829 introductions]] [[Category:Braille]] [[Category:Miscellaneous Unicode blocks]]