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{{Short description|Louis Braille's original braille alphabet}}
{{Infobox writing system
| name = Braille<br><small>(first edition)</small>
| qid=Q4554291
| type = alphabet
| typedesc =
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| note = none
}}
[[Louis Braille]]'s original publication, ''Procedure for Writing Words, Music, and Plainsong in Dots'' (1829),<ref>[http://www.nfb.org/Images/nfb/Publications/braille/TheFirstPublicationoftheBrailleCode.html ''Procédé pour écrire les Paroles, la Musique, et le Plain-chant au moyen de points''] {{webarchive|url=https://
The first four decades indicated the 40 letters of the alphabet (39 letters of the French alphabet, plus English<!--not German: German was not supported until later--> ''w''); the fifth the digits; the sixth punctuation; the seventh and part of the eighth mathematical symbols. The seventh decade was also used for musical notes. Most of the remaining characters were unassigned.
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|{{bc|type=image|A236}} <br> [[※]]
|{{bc|type=image|A35}} <br> [[√|²√]]
|{{bc|type=image|A356}} <br> [[decimal point|.
|- align=center
! VIII
|{{bc|type=image|B3}} <br>
|{{bc|type=image|B13}} <br> [[∷]]
|{{bc|type=image|B36}} <br> [[÷]]
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|- align=center
! Supp.
|{{bc|type=image|Apostrophe}} <br> [[apostrophe|
|{{bc|type=image|Hyphen}} <br> [[hyphen|-]]
|{{bc|type=image|Ä}} <br> [[∝]]
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|}
The supplemental signs were {{braille cell|type=text|3|36|345|3456}} and a top dash with {{braille cell|type=text|6|56}}.<ref>Only the four of these without a dash were defined, with their modern values of apostrophe, hyphen, [[∝|proportionality (∝)]], and the number/symbol indicator.</ref> Of the 125 (5
Punctuation differed slightly from today, even accounting for the shift downward when the dash was dropped from the bottom row of the cell. {{braille cell|type=text|()}} was used for both parentheses, as in modern [[English braille]]. {{braille cell|type=text|hh}} was used for either quotation mark; {{braille cell|type=text|jj}} was a [[pipe (punctuation)|pipe]]. {{braille cell|type=text|en}} was the question mark, as in modern French braille, while {{braille cell|type=text|in}} was the asterisk, which is used doubled in English braille.
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|- align=center
!(8th) <br>
|{{Braille cell|type=text|num|⠡}} <br> [[
|{{Braille cell|type=text|num|⠣}} <br> [[∷]]
|{{Braille cell|type=text|num|⠩}} <br> [[÷]]
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[[File:Final braille.png|thumb|The final form of Braille's alphabet, according to Henri (1952). The decade diacritics are listed at left, and the supplementary letters are assigned to the appropriate decade at right. "(1)" indicates markers for musical and mathematical notation.]]
In the classroom, Braille's students found the characters with dashes to be impractical, as the dashes were not easily distinguishable from pairs of dots, and they were quickly abandoned. The second edition of the ''Procédé'', published in 1837, sets out [[French Braille#History|French Braille]] essentially as we know it today.<ref>Zina Weygand, 2003, ''Aveugles dans la société française, du Moyen Age au siècle de Louis Braille''</ref> According to Henri (1952), at right, the numerical sign was used with the new fifth decade, plus one of the supplementary characters, for mathematical notation: {{braille cell|type=text|num}}{{braille cell|type=text|235}} +, {{braille cell|type=text|num}}{{braille cell|type=text|36}} −, {{braille cell|type=text|num}}{{braille cell|type=text|236}} ×, {{braille cell|type=text|num}}{{braille cell|type=text|256}} /, {{braille cell|type=text|num}}{{braille cell|type=text|2356}} =, {{braille cell|type=text|num}}{{braille cell|type=text|345}} [[√]]. Several of these values continue today in [[Antoine notation]].
==Computer encoding==
The official [[Unicode braille patterns|Unicode encoding]] for Braille only specifies codepoints for modern dot-only patterns. An unofficial encoding for dash patterns can be found in the [[Under-ConScript Unicode Registry]],<ref name=ucsur>{{cite web|url=http://www.kreativekorp.com/ucsur/ |title=Under-ConScript Unicode Registry |access-date=2020-06-19}}</ref> and as such may be found in some fonts that cover characters from that agreement. Together, these two blocks can represent all cell definitions from the 1829 Braille specification.
{{Unicode chart Braille Patterns}}
{{CSUR chart Braille Extended}}
==References==
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==External links==
*
{{braille}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:1829 non-fiction books]]
[[Category:1829 in France]]
[[Category:1829 introductions]]
[[Category:Braille]]
[[Category:Miscellaneous Unicode blocks]]
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