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[[File:11 The Hag of the Mill was a bony, thin pole of a hag with odd feet.jpg|thumb|1920 [[Arthur Rackham]] illustration for the Irish fairytale ''The Hag of the Mill''. "Now the Hag of the Mill was a bony, thin pole of a hag with odd feet."]]
A '''hag''' is a [[wikt:wizened|wizened]] old woman, or a kind of [[fairy]], [[Witchcraft|witch]],<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Definition of HAG |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hag |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=www.merriam-webster.com |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Dictionary.com {{!}} Meanings & Definitions of English Words |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/hag |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=Dictionary.com |language=en}}</ref> or [[goddess]] having the appearance of such a woman, often found in [[folklore]] and children's tales such as "[[Hansel and Gretel]]".<ref>[[Katharine Mary Briggs|Briggs, Katharine]]. (1976) ''An Encyclopedia of Fairies, Hobgoblins, Brownies, Boogies, and Other Supernatural Creatures'', "Hags", p.216. {{ISBN|0-394-73467-X}}
</ref> Hags are often seen as malevolent, but may also be one of the chosen forms of shapeshifting deities, such as [[The Morrígan]] or {{lang|iro|[[Badb]]|italics=unset}}, who are seen as neither wholly benevolent nor malevolent.<ref name="Lysaght">Lysaght, Patricia. (1986) ''The Banshee: The Irish Death Messenger''. Roberts Rinehart Publishers. {{ISBN|1-57098-138-8}}. p.54</ref><ref name="Clark">Clark, Rosalind. (1991) ''The Great Queens: Irish Goddesses from the Morrígan to Cathleen Ní Houlihan'' (Irish Literary Studies, Book 34) Savage, Maryland, Barnes and Noble (reprint) pp.5, 8, 17, 25</ref> The word hag can also be [[Synonym|synonymous]] for a witch.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Thesaurus.com - The world's favorite online thesaurus! |url=https://www.thesaurus.com/browse/hag |access-date=2024-10-10 |website=Thesaurus.com |language=en}}</ref>
==Etymology==
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In [[Irish mythology|Irish]] and [[Scottish mythology]], the [[cailleach]] is a hag goddess concerned with creation, harvest, the weather, and sovereignty.<ref name="Clark"/><ref name="McNeill">{{cite book | first =F. Marian | last =McNeill | year =1959 | title =The Silver Bough, Vol.2: A Calendar of Scottish National Festivals, Candlemas to Harvest Home | pages =20–1 | publisher =William MacLellan | location =Glasgow| isbn =978-0-85335-162-7 }}</ref> In partnership with the goddess [[Brigid|Bríd]], she is a seasonal goddess, seen as ruling the winter months while Bríd rules the summer.<ref name="McNeill"/> In Scotland, a group of hags, known as ''The Cailleachan'' (The Storm Hags) are seen as personifications of the elemental powers of nature, especially in a destructive aspect. They are said to be particularly active in raising the windstorms of spring, during the period known as ''A Chailleach''.<ref name="McNeill"/><ref name="McNeill2">{{cite book | first =F. Marian | last =McNeill | year =1959 | title =The Silver Bough, Vol.1: Scottish Folklore and Folk-Belief | pages =119 | publisher =William MacLellan | location =Glasgow| isbn =978-0-85335-161-0 }}</ref>
Hags as sovereignty figures abound in Irish mythology. The most common pattern is that the hag represents the barren land,
In [[ancient Greek religion]], the [[Moirai|Three Fates]] (particularly ''Atropos'') are often depicted as hags.
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[[Category:Female legendary creatures]]
[[Category:Fictional fairies]]
[[Category:Fictional
[[Category:Ugliness]]
[[de:Hexe]]
[[Category:Goddesses]]
[[Category:Misogyny]]
[[Category:Sexism]]
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