Content deleted Content added
m Open access bot: doi added to citation with #oabot. |
m minor formatting |
||
| (8 intermediate revisions by 7 users not shown) | |||
Line 10:
}}
'''''Filipendula ulmaria''''', commonly known as '''meadowsweet'''<ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN |access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref> or '''mead wort''',<ref>{{cite book
Meadowsweet has also been referred to as '''queen of the meadow''',<ref name=GRIN/> '''pride of the meadow''', '''meadow-wort''', '''meadow queen''', '''lady of the meadow''', '''dollof''', '''meadsweet''', and '''bridewort'''.
Line 18:
The stems, growing up to 120 cm, are {{convert|1|–|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall, erect and furrowed, reddish to sometimes purple. The [[leaf|leaves]] are dark-green on the upper side and whitish and downy underneath, much divided, interruptedly pinnate, having a few large serrate leaflets and small intermediate ones. Terminal leaflets are large, 4–8 cm long, and three- to five-lobed.
Meadowsweet has delicate, graceful, creamy-white [[flower]]s clustered close together in irregularly-branched [[Cyme (botany)|cymes]], having a very strong, sweet smell redolent of antiseptic.<ref>Poland J, Clement EJ. 2020. ''The Vegetative Key to the British Flora''. John Poland, Southampton, Second Edition. {{ISBN|978-0-9560-1442-9}}</ref> They flower from early summer to early autumn and are visited by various types of insects, in particular ''[[Musca (genus)|Musca]]'' flies.<ref>{{Cite journal
The flowers are small and numerous, they show 5 [[sepal]]s and 5 [[petal]]s with 7 to 20 stamens.<ref name="Parnell">Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. ''Webb's An Irish Flora''. Cork University Press. {{ISBN|978-185918-4783}}</ref>
==Diseases==
Many insects and fungi cause disease in meadowsweet.<ref name="Ellis
[[Image:Triphragmium ulmariae, Meadowsweet Rust.jpg|thumb|The [[meadowsweet rust gall]] on leaf midrib]] Meadowsweet leaves are commonly galled by the bright orange-rust fungus ''[[Triphragmium ulmariae]]'', which creates swellings and distortions on the stalk and/or midrib.<ref>{{Cite journal
The fungus ''[[Ramularia ulmariae]]'' causes purple blotches on the leaves.
The fungus ''[[Podosphaera filipendulae]]'' causes mildew on the leaves and flower heads, coating them with a white powder.<ref name="Ellis-plant parasites">{{cite web
The midge ''[[Dasineura
==Etymology==
The English common name meadowsweet dates from the 16th century. It did not originally mean 'sweet plant of the meadow', but a plant used for sweetening or flavouring mead. An earlier common name dating from the 15th century was 'meadsweet'
Meadowsweet is known by many other names. In [[Chaucer]]'s ''The Knight's Tale'' it is known as meadwort and was one of the ingredients in a drink called "save".<ref name = "Mount">Mount T. 2015. ''Dragon Blood & Willow Bark. The Mysteries of Medieval Medicine''. Amberley Publishing Limited {{ISBN|1-44-564383-9}}</ref> It was also known as bridewort, because it was strewn in churches for festivals and weddings, and often made into bridal garlands. In Europe, it took its name "queen of the meadow" for the way it can dominate a low-lying, damp meadow.
Line 40:
==Synonyms==
''Filipendula denudata'' {{small|(J.Presl & C.Presl) Fritsch}}<ref name="worldfloraonline.org">{{cite web
==Distribution==
[[Image:sweet curve.jpg|thumb|Wild meadowsweet in Wharfedale, near [[Conistone]], North Yorkshire, England]]
[[File:Ectropis crepuscularia caterpillar - Keila.jpg|thumb|Meadowsweet is the food plant for many species of moth caterpillars]]
Meadowsweet is common throughout the [[British Isles]]<ref name="Parnell"/> in damp areas and is dominant in fens and wet woods.<ref>Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E. F. 1973. ''Excursion Flora of the British Isles.'' Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-04656-4}}</ref><ref>Hackney, P. (Ed) 1992. ''Stewart and Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland''. Institute of Irish Studies and the Queen's University of Belfast. {{ISBN|0-85389-446-9}}</ref>
[[Juncus subnodulosus-Cirsium palustre fen-meadow|''Juncus subnodulosus''-''Cirsium palustre'' fen-meadow]] and [[
==Uses==
The whole herb possesses a pleasant taste and flavour, the green parts having a similar aromatic character to the flowers, hence the use of the plant as a [[strewing herb]], strewn on floors to give the rooms a pleasant aroma, and its use to flavour [[wine]], [[beer]], and many kinds of vinegar. The flowers can be added to stewed fruit and jams, giving them a subtle almond flavour. Some foragers also use the flowers to flavour desserts such as [[panna cotta]]. It has many medicinal properties. The whole plant is a traditional remedy for an acidic stomach
Chemical constituents include [[salicin]], [[flavone]] [[glycoside]]s, [[essential oil]]s, and [[tannin]]s. In 1838, [[Raffaele Piria]] obtained [[salicylic acid]] from the buds of meadowsweet.<ref>Bandurska H. 2013. Salicylic acid: an update on biosynthesis and action in plant response to water deficit and performance under drought. In: ''Salicylic acid'' (pp.
A [[natural dye|natural black dye]] can be obtained from the roots by using a copper [[mordant]].
A tea made from ''Filipendula ulmaria'' flowers or leaves has been used in traditional Austrian herbal medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, gout, infections, and fever.<ref>Vogl S, Picker P, Mihaly-Bison J, Fakhrudin N, Atanasov AG, Heiss EH, Wawrosch C, Reznicek G, Dirsch VM, Saukel J, and Kopp B. 2013. Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine
==Culture==
White-flowered meadowsweet has been found with the cremated remains of three people and at least one animal in a [[Bronze Age]] [[cairn]] at [[Fan Foel]], [[Carmarthenshire]]. Similar finds have also been found inside a [[Beaker (archaeology)|beaker]] from [[Ashgrove, Fife|Ashgrove]], [[Fife]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_097/97_166_179.pdf
In Welsh mythology, [[Gwydion]] and [[Math fab Mathonwy|Math]] created a woman out of [[oak]] blossom, [[Cytisus scoparius|broom]], and meadowsweet and named her [[Blodeuwedd]] ("flower face").
In the 16th century, when it was customary to strew floors with rushes and herbs (both to give warmth underfoot and to overcome smells and infections), it was a favorite of [[Elizabeth I]] of England
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book
==External links==
| |||