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'''''Filipendula ulmaria''''', commonly known as '''meadowsweet'''<ref name=GRIN>{{GRIN |access-date=12 December 2017}}</ref> or '''mead wort''',<ref>{{cite book
Meadowsweet has also been referred to as '''queen of the meadow''',<ref name=GRIN/> '''pride of the meadow''', '''meadow-wort''', '''meadow queen''', '''lady of the meadow''', '''dollof''', '''meadsweet''', and '''bridewort'''.
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The stems, growing up to 120 cm, are {{convert|1|–|2|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall, erect and furrowed, reddish to sometimes purple. The [[leaf|leaves]] are dark-green on the upper side and whitish and downy underneath, much divided, interruptedly pinnate, having a few large serrate leaflets and small intermediate ones. Terminal leaflets are large, 4–8 cm long, and three- to five-lobed.
Meadowsweet has delicate, graceful, creamy-white [[flower]]s clustered close together in irregularly-branched [[Cyme (botany)|cymes]], having a very strong, sweet smell redolent of antiseptic.<ref>Poland J, Clement EJ. 2020. ''The Vegetative Key to the British Flora''. John Poland, Southampton, Second Edition. {{ISBN|978-0-9560-1442-9}}</ref> They flower from early summer to early autumn and are visited by various types of insects, in particular ''[[Musca (genus)|Musca]]'' flies.<ref>{{Cite journal
The flowers are small and numerous, they show 5 [[sepal]]s and 5 [[petal]]s with 7 to 20 stamens.<ref name="Parnell">Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. ''Webb's An Irish Flora''. Cork University Press. {{ISBN|978-185918-4783}}</ref>
==Diseases==
Many insects and fungi cause disease in meadowsweet.<ref name="Ellis
[[Image:Triphragmium ulmariae, Meadowsweet Rust.jpg|thumb|The [[meadowsweet rust gall]] on leaf midrib]] Meadowsweet leaves are commonly galled by the bright orange-rust fungus ''[[Triphragmium ulmariae]]'', which creates swellings and distortions on the stalk and/or midrib.<ref>{{Cite journal
The fungus ''[[Ramularia ulmariae]]'' causes purple blotches on the leaves.
The fungus ''[[Podosphaera filipendulae]]'' causes mildew on the leaves and flower heads, coating them with a white powder.<ref name="Ellis-plant parasites">{{cite web
The midge ''[[Dasineura
==Etymology==
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==Synonyms==
''Filipendula denudata'' {{small|(J.Presl & C.Presl) Fritsch}}<ref name="worldfloraonline.org">{{cite web
==Distribution==
[[Image:sweet curve.jpg|thumb|Wild meadowsweet in Wharfedale, near [[Conistone]], North Yorkshire, England]]
[[File:Ectropis crepuscularia caterpillar - Keila.jpg|thumb|Meadowsweet is the food plant for
Meadowsweet is common throughout the [[British Isles]]<ref name="Parnell"/> in damp areas and is dominant in fens and wet woods.<ref>Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E. F. 1973. ''Excursion Flora of the British Isles.'' Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|0-521-04656-4}}</ref><ref>Hackney, P. (Ed) 1992. ''Stewart and Corry's Flora of the North-east of Ireland''. Institute of Irish Studies and the Queen's University of Belfast. {{ISBN|0-85389-446-9}}</ref>
[[Juncus subnodulosus-Cirsium palustre fen-meadow|''Juncus subnodulosus''-''Cirsium palustre'' fen-meadow]] and [[purple moor grass and rush pastures]] BAP habitat [[plant association]]s of Western Europe consistently include this plant.<ref>C. Michael Hogan. 2009. ''Marsh Thistle: Cirsium palustre'', GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Strömberg {{cite web|url=http://www.globaltwitcher.com/artspec_information.asp?thingid%3D48639
==Uses==
The whole herb possesses a pleasant taste and flavour, the green parts having a similar aromatic character to the flowers, hence the use of the plant as a [[strewing herb]], strewn on floors to give the rooms a pleasant aroma, and its use to flavour [[wine]], [[beer]], and many kinds of vinegar. The flowers can be added to stewed fruit and jams, giving them a subtle almond flavour. Some foragers also use the flowers to flavour desserts such as [[panna cotta]]. It has many medicinal properties. The whole plant is a traditional remedy for an acidic stomach. The dried flowers are used in [[potpourri]]. It is also a frequently used spice in Scandinavian varieties of [[mead]].
Chemical constituents include [[salicin]], [[flavone]] [[glycoside]]s, [[essential oil]]s, and [[tannin]]s. In 1838, [[Raffaele Piria]] obtained [[salicylic acid]] from the buds of meadowsweet.<ref>Bandurska H. 2013. Salicylic acid: an update on biosynthesis and action in plant response to water deficit and performance under drought. In: ''Salicylic acid'' (pp.
A [[natural dye|natural black dye]] can be obtained from the roots by using a copper [[mordant]].
A tea made from ''Filipendula ulmaria'' flowers or leaves has been used in traditional Austrian herbal medicine for the treatment of rheumatism, gout, infections, and fever.<ref>Vogl S, Picker P, Mihaly-Bison J, Fakhrudin N, Atanasov AG, Heiss EH, Wawrosch C, Reznicek G, Dirsch VM, Saukel J, and Kopp B. 2013. Ethnopharmacological in vitro studies on Austria's folk medicine
==Culture==
White-flowered meadowsweet has been found with the cremated remains of three people and at least one animal in a [[Bronze Age]] [[cairn]] at [[Fan Foel]], [[Carmarthenshire]]. Similar finds have also been found inside a [[Beaker (archaeology)|beaker]] from [[Ashgrove, Fife|Ashgrove]], [[Fife]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t=arch-352-1/dissemination/pdf/vol_097/97_166_179.pdf
In Welsh mythology, [[Gwydion]] and [[Math fab Mathonwy|Math]] created a woman out of [[oak]] blossom, [[Cytisus scoparius|broom]], and meadowsweet and named her [[Blodeuwedd]] ("flower face").
In the 16th century, when it was customary to strew floors with rushes and herbs (both to give warmth underfoot and to overcome smells and infections), it was a favorite of [[Elizabeth I]] of England
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book
==External links==
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