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{{Short description|Type of transportation vehicle}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}
[[File:Higer_GSP_2101.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Higer Bus|Higer]] Capabus operated by [[GSP Belgrade]]]]
A '''capacitor electric vehicle''' is a [[vehicle]] that uses [[supercapacitor]]s (also called ultracapacitors) to store electricity.<ref>[https://
{{As of|2010}}{{Update inline|date=March 2024}}, the best ultracapacitors can only store about 5% of the energy that [[lithium-ion]] rechargeable batteries can, limiting them to a couple of miles per charge. This makes them ineffective as a general energy storage medium for passenger vehicles. But ultracapacitors can charge much faster than [[Battery (electricity)|batteries]], so in vehicles such as [[bus]]es that have to stop frequently at known points where charging facilities can be provided, energy storage based exclusively on [[ultracapacitor]]s becomes viable.<ref name="technologyreview.com">{{cite web |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2009/10/19/209306/next-stop-ultracapacitor-buses/ |title=Next Stop: Ultracapacitor Buses |publisher=MIT |work=MIT Technology Review |date=19 October 2009 |accessdate=2022-10-22 |last=Hamilton |first=Tyler}}</ref>
==Capabus==
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[[Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens|RATP]], the public-owned company that manages most of [[Paris]]' public transport system, is currently performing tests using a hybrid bus outfitted with ultracapacitors. The model, called [[Lion's City Hybrid]], is supplied by German manufacturer [[MAN SE|MAN]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://green.autoblog.com/2009/04/15/paris-tests-a-new-hybrid-bus-that-uses-ultracapacitors/ |last=Navarro |first=Xavier |title=Paris tests a new hybrid bus that uses ultracapacitors |publisher=Green.autoblog.com |date=15 April 2009 |access-date=2013-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120401103027/http://green.autoblog.com/2009/04/15/paris-tests-a-new-hybrid-bus-that-uses-ultracapacitors/ |archive-date=2012-04-01 |url-status=live}}</ref>
[[GSP Belgrade]], [[Serbia]] has launched the first bus line operated solo by supercapacitor buses from Chinese manufacturer [[Higer]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newscontent.cctv.com/NewJsp/news.jsp?fileId=372911|title=Newscontent|website=newscontent.cctv.com|access-date=2016-09-02}}</ref> First sustainable ultracapacitor (UC) e-bus was represented by Chariot Motors Company in EU and [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]] in 2014. The 18-month pilot project was successful and had a great public response. The UC bus was tested by the Reputable German laboratory Belicon GmbH and was defined as one of the lowest energy consumption effective vehicles.
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===Current collectors at bus stops===
[[Pantograph (rail)|Pantographs]] and [[ground-level power supply]] current collectors are integrated in [[bus stop]]s to recharge electric buses quickly, making it possible to use a smaller battery on the bus, which reduces the capital and running costs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.abb.com/cawp/seitp202/eae3e161cc498140c1257b7b00552bcd.aspx |title=Large-capacity, flash-charging, battery-powered pilot bus takes to the street. |access-date=20 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205220646/http://www.abb.com/cawp/seitp202/eae3e161cc498140c1257b7b00552bcd.aspx |archive-date=5 February 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.schunk-sbi.com/en/sbi/ElektrobusStromabnehmer/schunk01.c.78265.en |title=Current collectors for electric busses |access-date=20 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121155431/http://www.schunk-sbi.com/en/sbi/ElektrobusStromabnehmer/schunk01.c.78265.en |archive-date=21 January 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite
== Subway and tram==
In a [[subway car]] or [[tram]], an [[insulator (electricity)|insulator]] at a track switch may cut off power from the car for a few feet along the line and use a large capacitor to store energy to drive the subway car through the insulator in the power feed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mastascu/elessonshtml/lc/capac1.htm
The new [[Trams in Nanjing|Nanjing tram]] uses supercapacitor technology, with charging hardware at each stop instead of continuous catenary. The first line started operating in 2014. The rail vehicles were produced by [[CSR Corporation Limited|CSR Zhuzhou]]; according to the manufacturers, they are the world's first low-floor tram completely powered by supercapacitors.<ref name=barrow2014>{{citation|url=http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/light-rail/csr-unveils-100-supercapacitor-powered-tram.html |date=2014-05-29|title=CSR unveils 100% supercapacitor-powered tram
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Other companies from the public transport manufacturing sector are developing electric double-layer capacitor technology: The Transportation Systems division of [[Siemens AG]] is developing a mobile [[energy storage]] based on EDLCs called Sibac Energy Storage<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Siemens AG |url=http://www.transportation.siemens.com/ts/en/pub/products/green_mobility/our_solutions/on_a_roll/sibac.htm |title=Sibac ES Product Page |access-date=2009-11-06 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512121527/http://www.transportation.siemens.com/ts/en/pub/products/green_mobility/our_solutions/on_a_roll/sibac.htm |archive-date=12 May 2008 }}</ref> and also Sitras SES, a stationary version integrated into the trackside power supply.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Siemens AG |url=http://www.transportation.siemens.com/ts/en/pub/products/green_mobility/our_solutions/for_the_net/sitras.htm |title=Sitras SES |accessdate=2009-11-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091101152920/http://transportation.siemens.com/ts/en/pub/products/green_mobility/our_solutions/for_the_net/sitras.htm |archivedate=2009-11-01}}</ref>
[http://www.adetelgroup.com Adetel Group] has developed its own energy saver named ″NeoGreen″ for LRV, LRT and metros.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.adetelgroup.com/library/fiches-produits/4-NEO_GREEN_POWER.pdf |title=Neo Green |publisher=Adetel Group |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110231440/http://www.adetelgroup.com/library/fiches-produits/4-NEO_GREEN_POWER.pdf
The company Cegelec is also developing an EDLC-based energy storage system.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.transworldnews.com/suntan/Post.aspx?postID=20211 |title=Electric double-layer capacitor Transportation applications |publisher=Blogs.transworldnews.com |date=28 May 2008 |accessdate=2013-10-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120218135059/http://blogs.transworldnews.com/suntan/Post.aspx?postID=20211 |archivedate=2012-02-18}}</ref>
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==See also==
{{div col|colwidth=23em}}
* [[
* [[Charging station]]
* [[Electric bus]]
* [[Electric road]]
* [[Fuel cell bus]]
* [[Gyrobus]]
* [[
* [[
* [[
{{div col end}}
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