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Line 1: {{pp-extended\|small=yes}} {{~~short~~Short description\|Israeli settlement in the West Bank}}▼ {{Use mdy dates\|date=May 2020}} ▲{{short description\|Israeli settlement in the West Bank}} {{Infobox settlement \| name = Kedumim \| native_name = {{Hlist \| {{Lang\|he\|{{Script/Hebrew\|קְדוּמִים}}\|rtl=yes}} \| {{Lang\|ar\|~~كدوميم~~قدوميم\|rtl=yes}} }} \| settlement_type = [[Local council (Israel)\|Local council]] Line 39 ⟶ 40: }} '''Kedumim''' ({{~~lang-~~langx\|he\|קְדוּמִים\|Kdumim}}), is an [[Israeli settlement]] organized as a [[Local council (Israel)\|local council]] located in the northern [[West Bank]]. Founded on [[Hanukkah]] 1975 by members of the [[Gush Emunim]] settlement movement, it later became a [[local council (Israel)\|local council]]. In {{Israel populations\|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations\|Qedumim}}. The consensus<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> of the international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank [[International law and Israeli settlements\|illegal under international law]],. ~~but the~~The Israeli government disputes this.<ref name="BBC_GC4">{{cite news \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1682640.stm \|title=The Geneva Convention \|publisher=BBC News \|date=December 10, 2009 \|~~accessdate~~access-date=November 27, 2010 }}</ref><ref name=":0">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jun/05/israel5 Daniella Weiss: 62, mayor of the Jewish settlement of Kedumim, near Nablus, in the West Bank] The Guardian, June 4, 2007</ref><ref name=":1">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/mar/16/israel Mass arrests create new foes for Israel] The Guardian. March 15, 2002</ref> ==History== Line 47 ⟶ 48: [[File:Garden in Kedumim Shomron1.jpg\|thumb\|Garden in Kedumim]] According to [[Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem\|ARIJ]], Israel had between 1967 and 1993 confiscated land from three [[Palestinians\|Palestinian]] villages to construct the various parts of the illegal settlement of Kedumim: * 231 [[dunam]]s from [[Kafr Qaddum]],<ref name=":2">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170817210242/http://vprofile.arij.org/qalqiliya/pdfs/vprofile/kafqaddum-vp-en.pdf Kafr Qaddum Village Profile], ARIJ, p. 15</ref> * 163 dunams from [[Immatain]],<ref name="ARIJ17">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170821215012/http://vprofile.arij.org/qalqiliya/pdfs/vprofile/immatin_vp_en.pdf Immatin Village Profile (including Far’ata Locality)], ARIJ, p. 17</ref> and * 13 dunams from [[Jit, Qalqilya\|Jit]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170820203950/http://vprofile.arij.org/qalqiliya/pdfs/vprofile/jit_vp_en.pdf Jit village profile], ARIJ, pp. 15–16</ref> In late 1974, a group affiliated with [[Gush Emunim]] named Garin Elon Moreh, led by Rabbi Menachem Felix and [[Benny Katzover]], attempted to establish a settlement on the ruins of the [[Sebastia, Nablus\|Sebastia]] train station dating from the [[Ottoman Empire\|Ottoman]] period. An Israeli cabinet resolution, passed 17–2 with 3 abstentions, found the settlement illegal in 1975.<ref name="Gerson151" /> After several attempts to remove residents from the ~~site~~area by the [[Israel Defense Forces]], an agreement was reached in which 25 families were permitted to ~~settle~~move into ''Kadum'', an army camp southwest of [[Nablus]]. The small mobile home site developed into the town of Kedumim. The Sebastia agreement was a turning point that opened up the northern West Bank to ~~Jewish~~Israeli settlement.{{Citation needed\|date=March 2018}} ~~From~~After the [[1977 onIsraeli legislative election\|elections of 1977]], the government of [[Menachim Begin]] strongly backed settlement at Kedumim. Begin visited on 19 May and declared "We stand on the land of liberated Israel."<ref name=Gerson151>{{cite book \|publisher=Psychology Press \|isbn=9780714630915 \|last=Gerson \|first=Allan \|title=Israel, the West Bank and International Law \|date=September 28, 1978 \|page=[https://archive.org/details/israelwestbankin0000gers/page/150 150] \|url=https://archive.org/details/israelwestbankin0000gers/page/150 }}</ref> In July, his government granted full legal status to Kedumim (then numbering around 100 settlers), [[Ofra]], and [[Maaleh Adumim]].<ref name=Gerson151 /> Several residents of Kedumim have been killed in [[Palestinian political violence]]. Rabbi Binyamin Herling (64), a Holocaust survivor, was killed at [[Mount Ebal]] by Palestinian security forces and Fatah members who opened fire on a group of men, women, and children.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Palestinian+terror+since+2000/Victims+of+Palestinian+Violence+and+Terrorism+sinc.htm\|title=Victims of Palestinian Violence and Terrorism since September 2000\|publisher=Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/Articles/Article.aspx/19556\|title=Those killed by "light weapons" issued by Peres and Rabin to the PLO\|website=Israel National News\|date=September 30, 2016 \|language=en\|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.onefamilyfund.org/memorial/Herling_Binyamin.pdf\|title=Binyamin Herling\|website=One Family Fund\|access-date=January 20, 2023\|archive-date=April 11, 2018\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411025941/http://www.onefamilyfund.org/memorial/Herling_Binyamin.pdf\|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> The [[Kedumim bombing]], on May 30, 2006, occurred when a suicide bomber disguised as an Orthodox Jewish hitchhiker blew himself up inside a car that stopped to pick him up near the gas station at the entrance to the village.<ref>{{cite ~~web~~news\|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3234512,00.html\|title=Suicide bomber strikes in Kedumim\|work=Ynet\|date=March 30, 2006\|last1=Weiss\|first1=Efrat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4863022.stm\|title=Bomber strikes Israeli settlement\|date=March 31, 2006\|access-date=April 10, 2018\|language=en-GB}}</ref> The blast killed four Israelis: Rafi Halevy (63),<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2006/Victims/Rafi+Halevy.htm\|title=Rafi Halevy\|publisher=Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref> Helena Halevy (58),<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2006/Victims/Helena+Halevy.htm\|title=Helena Halevy \|publisher=Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref> Re'ut Feldman (20),<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2006/Victims/Reut+Feldman.htm\|title=Re'ut Feldman\|publisher=Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.4899285\|title=Re'ut Feldman, 20\|last=Azoulay\|first=Yuval\|date=April 2, 2006\|work=Haaretz\|access-date=April 10, 2018\|language=en}}</ref> and Shaked Lasker (16).<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2006/Victims/Shaked+Lasker.htm\|title=Shaked Lasker\|publisher=Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref> [[Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades]] claimed responsibility. On November 19, 2007, Ido Zoldan (29) was killed in a shooting attack near Kedumim when Palestinian militants opened fire on his car.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2006/Victims/Ido+Zoldan.htm\|title=Ido Zoldan \|publisher=Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3473402,00.html\|title=Israeli killed in West Bank terror attack\|date=November 20, 2007\|work=Ynetnews\|access-date=April 10, 2018\|language=en}}</ref>▼ ▲Several residents of Kedumim have been killed in [[Palestinian political violence]]. Rabbi Binyamin Herling (64), a Holocaust survivor, was killed at [[Mount Ebal]] by Palestinian security forces and Fatah members who opened fire on a group of men, women, and children.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Palestinian+terror+since+2000/Victims+of+Palestinian+Violence+and+Terrorism+sinc.htm\|title=Victims of Palestinian Violence and Terrorism since September 2000\|publisher=Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/Articles/Article.aspx/19556\|title=Those killed by "light weapons" issued by Peres and Rabin to the PLO\|website=Israel National News\|language=en\|access-date=April 10, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.onefamilyfund.org/memorial/Herling_Binyamin.pdf\|title=Binyamin Herling\|website=One Family Fund}}</ref> The [[Kedumim bombing]], on May 30, 2006, occurred when a suicide bomber disguised as an Orthodox Jewish hitchhiker blew himself up inside a car that stopped to pick him up near the gas station at the entrance to the village.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3234512,00.html\|title=Suicide bomber strikes in Kedumim\|work=Ynet}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4863022.stm\|title=Bomber strikes Israeli settlement\|date=March 31, 2006\|access-date=April 10, 2018\|language=en-GB}}</ref> The blast killed four Israelis: Rafi Halevy (63),<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2006/Victims/Rafi+Halevy.htm\|title=Rafi Halevy\|publisher=Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref> Helena Halevy (58),<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2006/Victims/Helena+Halevy.htm\|title=Helena Halevy \|publisher=Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref> Re'ut Feldman (20),<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2006/Victims/Reut+Feldman.htm\|title=Re'ut Feldman\|publisher=Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.4899285\|title=Re'ut Feldman, 20\|last=Azoulay\|first=Yuval\|date=April 2, 2006\|work=Haaretz\|access-date=April 10, 2018\|language=en}}</ref> and Shaked Lasker (16).<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2006/Victims/Shaked+Lasker.htm\|title=Shaked Lasker\|publisher=Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref> [[Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades]] claimed responsibility. On November 19, 2007, Ido Zoldan (29) was killed in a shooting attack near Kedumim when Palestinian militants opened fire on his car.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Memorial/2006/Victims/Ido+Zoldan.htm\|title=Ido Zoldan \|publisher=Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news\|url=https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3473402,00.html\|title=Israeli killed in West Bank terror attack\|date=November 20, 2007\|work=Ynetnews\|access-date=April 10, 2018\|language=en}}</ref> ==Local Council== When [[Shomron Regional Council]] was established, Kedumim was one of its villages. In 1992, as the population in Kedumim was over 3,000, a Local Council was established with a mayor from outside – Yosef Kapakh. In 1996 were the first ~~elelctions~~elections, and [[~~Danielle~~Daniella Weiss]] was elected, the first woman in this job in Israel. After two ~~cadences~~terms in office, in 2007, Hananel Dorani ~~has~~was elected. Dorani is a vice-Brigade commander in reserve in the [[Israel Defense Forces\|IDF]], living in the village from 1992 after marrying one of its residents. In [[2013 Local Elections in Israel]], Dorani kept his job after none was against him. In 2018 Local Elections in Israel, Dorani won Roee Massuri and kept his job for the third time. ==Education== The residents of Kedumim have placed an emphasis on education and developed several local institutions, including: day care centers, kindergartens, two elementary schools, the Bnei Chayil Yeshiva, the Har Efrayim Yeshiva, the Lehava Ulpana High School (1,000 girls), as well as a local music academy, and a public library.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.kedumim.org.il/?CategoryID=213\|title = מועצה מקומית קדומים}}</ref> Yeshivat Bnei Chayil Shomron is a high school [[yeshiva]] established in 1998<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.bnh.org.il/new/pages.aspx?page=1\|title=ישיבת בני חיל – יום פתוח בח´ אלול 23/8/15\|publisher=bnh.org.il}}</ref> to provide an [[Orthodox Judaism\|Orthodox Jewish]] education for boys with [[Attention deficit disorder\|ADD]] and [[ADHD]].<ref>[http://www.bnh.org.il/eng/pages.aspx?page=1 About the Yehsiva]</ref> It is considered a unique facility in central Israel not limited to local students. Students in grades 7–12 are divided into classes which are limited to a maximum of fifteen boys. The school in Kedumim was originally a branch of a [[Jerusalem]] school of the same name founded by ~~Dr.~~ Stuart Chesner. == Economy == While many residents work outside the settlement, many are employed locally in education, as well as several agricultural enterprises working with greenhouses and orchards. The Bar-On Industrial Park on 1,200 dunums (120 hectares, 297 acres) of land is within the municipal boundaries of Kedumim. Kedumim 3000, operated by Nahman Zoldan, is a construction firm headquartered in the settlement.<ref name="haaretz.com">{{Cite news\|url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.4977079\|title=Construction to start in area PA wants for corridor\|newspaper=Haaretz}}</ref> The firm has worked on construction projects throughout the West Bank and East Jerusalem.<ref name="haaretz.com"/><ref>{{cite web\| url = https://www.~~haaretz~~mfa.~~com/1~~gov.~~4977079<~~il/~~ref><ref>~~mfa/foreignpolicy/terrorism/victims/pages/ido%20zoldan.aspx\| url-status = dead\| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130621161423/http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/terrorism/victims/pages/ido%20zoldan.aspx\| archive-date = 2013-06-21\| title = Ido Zoldan}} </ref> ==Status under international law== The international community considers Israeli settlements a violation of the [[Fourth Geneva Convention]].<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3333727.stm The settlers' struggle] BBC News. December 19, 2003</ref> Israel disputes that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies to these territories as they had not been legally held by a sovereign prior to Israel taking control of them. This view has been rejected by the [[International Court of Justice]] ~~and the~~, [[International Committee of the Red Cross]] and repeatedly by the UN Security Council.<ref>[http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory] {{webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706021237/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf \|date=July 6, 2010 }} International Court of Justice, July 9, 2004. pp. 44–45</ref><ref>[http://www.btselem.org/separation_barrier/international_court_decision Opinion of the International Court of Justice] B'Tselem</ref> According to [[B'Tselem]], portions of Kedumim were built on privately owned Palestinian land. There are additionally two [[Israeli outpost]]s adjacent to Kedumim, one of which is also built on privately owned Palestinian land~~, according to B'tselem~~.<ref>[http://www.btselem.org/settlements/2009_kedumim The settlement of Kedumim] B'tselem January 1, 2011</ref> ==Notable residents== [[Daniella Weiss]] [[Bezalel Smotrich]] [[Susan Gordon]] Aviner (1949-2011), former American actress, is interred at Kedumim Cemetery. ==See also== Line 81 ⟶ 85: == References == {{~~reflist~~Reflist}} ==External links== {{Commons category}} ~~{{commonscat}}~~ {{Official website\|http://www.kedumim.org.il/en/ }} [http://www.bnh.org.il/showPage2.asp?PageType=1&PageCode=17 Bnei Chayil Yeshiva] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070310205233/http://www.kedumim3000.co.il/indexe.shtml Kedumim(3000)] {{Judea and Samaria}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Israeli settlements in the West Bank]] [[Category:Mixed Israeli settlements]] [[Category:Local councils in Israel]]