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{{short description|
{{Infobox flag
| Name = Republic of Latvia
| Article =
| Image = Flag of Latvia.svg
| Nickname =
| Morenicks =
| Use = 110100
| Symbol = {{FIAV|110100}} {{FIAV|normal}} {{FIAV|Equal}}
| Proportion = 1:2
| Adoption =
| Design = A [[Carmine (color)|carmine red]] field bisected by a narrow white stripe (one-fifth the width of the flag)
| Designer = Ansis Cīrulis
| Nickname2 =
|
| Design2 = A carmine red field bisected by a narrow white stripe (one-fifth the width of the flag)
|
| Image3 = Latvijas valsts karoga vimpeļa.svg
| Symbol2 = {{FIAV|000001}} {{FIAV|Equal}}▼
|
|
| Morenicks3 =
| Use3 = Pennant
| Proportion3 = 5:1
| Adoption3 = 2009
| Design3 = A trapezoidal fabric ribbon corresponding to the colors and color proportions of the State Flag
|
}}
The [[national flag]] of [[Latvia]] ({{
Though officially adopted in 1921, the Latvian flag was used in
== History ==
The red-white-red Latvian flag is first mentioned in the medieval ''[[Livonian Rhymed Chronicle|Rhymed Chronicle of Livonia]]'' (''Livländische Reimchronik''),<ref>[http://www.old.historia.lv/alfabets/A/AT/atskanu_hronika/hronikas_teksts/09038_10040.vacu.htm Livlädische Reimchronik] ({{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215035451/http://www.old.historia.lv/alfabets/A/AT/atskanu_hronika/hronikas_teksts/09038_10040.vacu.htm |date=2014-12-15 }}): ''Von Wenden was zû Rîge komen / zûr lantwer, als ich hân vernomen,/ ein brûder und wol hundert man:/ den wart daß mêre kunt getân./ die quâmen hovelîchen dar / mit einer banier rôtgevar,/ daß was mit wîße durch gesniten / hûte nâch wendischen siten./ Wenden ist ein burc genant,/ von den die banier wart bekant,/ und ist in Letten lant gelegen,/ dâ die vrowen rîtens pflegen / nâch den siten, als die man./ vor wâr ich ûch daß sagen kan,/ die banier der Letten ist.'' (9219–9233)</ref> which covers the period from 1180 to 1343, and is thus among the oldest flags in the world. The chronicle tells of a battle that took place around 1279, in which ancient [[Latgalians|Latgalian]] tribes from [[Cēsis]], a city in
▲The red-white-red Latvian flag is first mentioned in the medieval ''[[Livonian Rhymed Chronicle|Rhymed Chronicle of Livonia]]'' (''Livländische Reimchronik''),<ref>[http://www.old.historia.lv/alfabets/A/AT/atskanu_hronika/hronikas_teksts/09038_10040.vacu.htm Livlädische Reimchronik] ({{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215035451/http://www.old.historia.lv/alfabets/A/AT/atskanu_hronika/hronikas_teksts/09038_10040.vacu.htm |date=2014-12-15 }}): ''Von Wenden was zû Rîge komen / zûr lantwer, als ich hân vernomen,/ ein brûder und wol hundert man:/ den wart daß mêre kunt getân./ die quâmen hovelîchen dar / mit einer banier rôtgevar,/ daß was mit wîße durch gesniten / hûte nâch wendischen siten./ Wenden ist ein burc genant,/ von den die banier wart bekant,/ und ist in Letten lant gelegen,/ dâ die vrowen rîtens pflegen / nâch den siten, als die man./ vor wâr ich ûch daß sagen kan,/ die banier der Letten ist.'' (9219–9233)</ref> which covers the period from 1180 to 1343, and is thus among the oldest flags in the world. The chronicle tells of a battle that took place around 1279, in which ancient Latgalian tribes from [[Cēsis]], a city in the northern part of modern-day Latvia, went to war, bearing a red flag with a white stripe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.flaggenlexikon.de/flett.htm |title=National Flagge des Lettland|access-date=2003-04-27 |author=Volker Preuß|language=de}}</ref>
Legend recounts the story of
Inspired by these historical records, several [[Latvian national awakening|Latvian nationalists]] began to use such flags again in the 19th century.<ref name="national-symbols"/><ref name="fotw-lv-hist" /> The first red-narrow white-red flag with a similar design one was made by [[Valmiera]] Trade School teacher [[Marianna Strautmane]] (1896–1985) in the second half of 1916, according to a sketch made by her colleague, journalist and refugee activist {{Ill|Jānis Lapiņš|lv|Jānis Lapiņš}} (1885–1941). This bright-red flag featured a yellow sun on the upper-left corner of the flag, and it later flew over the building of the Valmiera Latvian Society during the Vidzeme Land Meeting in March 1917. Preserved by the Lapiņš family during the [[Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940]] and in exile in the West after 1944, it was ultimately given to the Cēsis Museum in 1997, where today it is on display in [[Cēsis Castle]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jānis Lapiņš and the sketch of the first Latvian red - white - red flag |url=https://militaryheritagetourism.info/en/military/stories/view/13?0 |access-date=2024-05-31 |website=Military Heritage Tourism Latvia-Estonia}}</ref>
Based on the aforementioned historical record, some nationalist individuals and organisations started to use such flags in the 19th century. In 1917, a red-white-red flag was used in several events aimed at uniting Latvian regions, the debate about the visual appearance of the Latvian flag was raised. In May, during a meeting of the Art Promotion Association, several proposals were reviewed, finally, a design by artist {{illm|Ansis Cīrulis|lv|Ansis Cīrulis|ru|Цирулис, Ансис}} was accepted. The Latvian national flag, together with the national coat of arms was affirmed in this format by a decree of the Constitutional Assembly of Latvia passed on 15 June 1921.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://lvportals.lv/norises/200636-sarkanbaltsarkanas-latvijas-karoga-krasas-ii-2009 |title=Sarkanbaltsarkanās – Latvijas karoga krāsas (II) |language=lv |date=2009-11-17 |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=LV portāls}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.president.lv/en/national-symbols |title=National symbols |access-date=2024-01-15 |website=President of the Republic of Latvia}}</ref><ref name="fotw-lv-hist" />▼
[[File:Flag of Latvia (Textile).svg|200px|thumb|Textile version of the Latvian flag.]]
In 1917, a red-white-red flag was used in several events aimed at uniting Latvian regions as well as Latvian military formations (e.g. [[Latvian Riflemen]] units, [[Iskolat]] insititutions), and the debate about the visual appearance of the Latvian flag was raised. In May, during a meeting of the Latvian Art Promotion Association (Latviešu mākslas veicināšanas biedrība), several proposals were reviewed, finally, a design by artist {{illm|Ansis Cīrulis|lv|Ansis Cīrulis|ru|Цирулис, Ансис}} was accepted.<ref name="fotw-lv-hist" />
▲
===Occupation===
{{main|Flag of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic}}
[[File:Flag of Latvia (Soviet colors).svg|thumb|left|
During the [[Occupation of the Baltic states|Soviet period]] by the [[Soviet Union]] (and briefly during occupation by [[Nazi Germany]]), the red-white-red Latvian flag was rendered unusable from 1940 to 1941 and 1944 to 1991. Any production and public display of the nationalist Latvian flag was considered anti-state crime and punishable by law. The first flag of Soviet Latvia was a red flag with the gold [[hammer and sickle]] in the top-left corner, with the Latin characters LPSR (''Latvijas Padomju Sociālistiskā Republika'') above them in gold in a serif font. In 1953, the final version of the flag was adopted. It depicts the Soviet flag with six 1/3 blue wavy bands representing the sea on the bottom.{{cn|date=December 2022}}
===Restoration===
{{Clear|left}}
==
[[File:Flag of Latvia (colour shade comparison).svg|thumb|A comparison of the physical and digital versions of the flag]]
On 11 April 1995, the State Heraldic Commission have once chosen Pantone 1807 C for red colour, this was later replaced by Pantone 201 C on 21 April 2009. On 1 May 2010, the Cabinet of Ministers issued the ''Procedures for the Application of the Law on the National Flag'', which standardized Pantone 19-1629 TPX or 19-1629 TC for red field; an amendment made on 27 November 2018, which came into force 1 January 2019, stating that non-fabric flags, as well as representations produced using other techniques (including digital representations), would use Pantone 201 C, whilst physical flags would continue using 19-1629 TPX/TC.<ref name="DigitalFlag">{{Cite web |url=https://likumi.lv/ta/en/en/id/209092-procedures-for-the-application-of-the-law-on-the-national-flag-of-latvia |title=Procedures for the Application of the Law on the National Flag of Latvia |work=[[Government of Latvia]] |date=2018-11-28 |access-date=2024-03-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Latvia|url = https://www.fotw.info/flags/lv.html |website=[[Flags of the World]] |access-date=2024-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Valsts prezidenta Valsts heraldikas komisija: Par valsts karoga un ģerboņu krāsām|url = https://www.vestnesis.lv/index.php?menu=doc&id=190841|website=Latvijas Vēstnesis|date=2009-04-21|access-date= 2024-05-24|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160312132421/https://www.vestnesis.lv/index.php?menu=doc&id=190841|archive-date = 2016-03-12|url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Latvijas valsts karogs un ģerboņi|url = http://www.km.gov.lv/UI/main.asp?id=12781|publisher = Ministry of Culture of Latvia|access-date = 2024-06-28|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20081113222919/http://www.km.gov.lv/UI/main.asp?id=12781|archive-date = 2008-11-13|url-status = dead}}</ref>
{| class = "wikitable"
|+Flag colors
! colspan="4" |
|-
!
! style = "background-color:#FFFFFF"|White
! style = "background-color:#9D2235;color:white"|Red (Digital)
! style = "background-color:#77353D;color:white"|Red (
|-
| [[Pantone]]
| White
| 201 C<ref name="DigitalFlag"/>
| 19-1629 TPX or
|-
| [[RGB]]
| Red
| Red
| Red
|-
|[[CMYK]]
| Cyan
| Cyan:
| Cyan:
|}
== Display of the flag ==
[[File:Flag of Latvia photo.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Flagpole]]
Latvian law states that the flag and [[national colours]] can be displayed and used as an ornament if proper respect to the flag is guaranteed.
The flag shall be placed at least {{convert|2.5|m}} above the ground and properly secured to the flagstaff.
If the flag is flown from a flagpole in mourning, it shall be raised to half-staff.
== Flag days ==
Line 106 ⟶ 112:
=== Presidential standard of Latvia ===
[[File:Latvian presidential standard at the presidential chancellery.JPG|thumb|200px|Latvian presidential standard at the presidential chancellery, [[House of the Blackheads (Riga)|House of the Blackheads]].]]
The standard of the president is white with the rectangular cross in the colour proportions of the national flag. The centre of the cross
=== Standard of the prime minister of Latvia ===
The standard of the [[Prime Minister of Latvia|prime minister]] is white with the symmetric cross in the colour proportions of the national flag. In top left canton of the flag, the [[Coat of arms of Latvia|coat of arms]] is placed. The height of coat of arms is {{frac|5|6}} of the height of canton, and the sun of coat of arms is in the centre of the canton. The proportion between the width of the national colours and that of the Banner is 1:5. The proportion between the length and width of the Banner is 3:2.
=== Standard of the speaker of the Saeima ===
Line 136 ⟶ 142:
* [http://www.li.lv/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=62 The Latvian Flag fact sheet at the Latvian Institute Web site]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070312182730/http://www.navy.mil.lv/eng/karogi/karogvimpengl.htm Flags and pendants of Latvian Naval Forces]
{{-}}
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