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From 2014 until 2024, [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] undertook a [[research and development]] effort to develop an [[electric car|electric]] and [[Self-driving car|self-driving]] car,<ref name="guardian-2015-08-14">{{Cite news |last=Harris |first=Mark |date=August 14, 2015 |title=Documents confirm Apple is building self-driving car |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/aug/14/apple-self-driving-car-project-titan-sooner-than-expected |work=[[The Guardian]] |location=London}}</ref> codenamed "Project Titan".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hotten |first=Russell |date=March 4, 2015 |title=Carmakers face challenge from Google and Apple |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-31720645 |work=BBC News |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Roth |first=Emma |date=February 27, 2024 |title=Apple's electric car project is dead |url=https://www.theverge.com/2024/2/27/24084907/apple-electric-car-project-titan-shuts-down |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227191652/https://www.theverge.com/2024/2/27/24084907/apple-electric-car-project-titan-shuts-down |archive-date=February 27, 2024 |access-date=March 3, 2024 |work=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref> Apple never openly discussed any of its automotive research,{{r|C}} but around 5,000 employees were reported to be working on the project {{As of|2018|lc=y|post=.}}{{r|E}} In May 2018, Apple reportedly partnered with [[Volkswagen]] to produce an autonomous employee shuttle van based on the [[Volkswagen Transporter (T6)|T6 Transporter]] commercial vehicle platform.<ref name="NYT May 2018 VW partnership">{{Cite news |last=Nicas |first=Jack |date=May 23, 2018 |title=Apple, Spurned by Others, Signs Deal With Volkswagen for Driverless Cars |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/23/technology/apple-bmw-mercedes-volkswagen-driverless-cars.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=May 24, 2018 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> In August 2018, the [[BBC]] reported that Apple had 66 road-registered driverless cars, with 111 drivers registered to operate those cars.<ref name="H" /> In 2020, it was believed that Apple was still working on self-driving related hardware, software and service as a potential product, instead of actual Apple-branded cars.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tillman |first=Maggie |date=December 22, 2020 |title=Apple Car: What's happening with Apple's autonomous car tech? |url=https://www.pocket-lint.com/cars/news/apple/132763-apple-project-titan-what-s-the-story-so-far |website=Pocket-lint}}</ref> In December 2020, [[Reuters]] reported that Apple was planning on a possible launch date of 2024,<ref name="reuters-2024">{{Cite news |last1=Nellis |first1=Stephen |last2=Shirouzu |first2=Norihiko |last3=Lienert |first3=Paul |date=December 21, 2020 |title=Exclusive: Apple targets car production by 2024 and eyes 'next level' battery technology - sources |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-apple-autos-exclusive/exclusive-apple-targets-car-production-by-2024-and-eyes-next-level-battery-technology-sources-idUSKBN28V2PY |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> but analyst Ming-Chi Kuo claimed it would not be launched before 2025 and might not be launched until 2028 or later.<ref name="2020-12-28 CNBC">{{Cite news |last=Haselton |first=Todd |date=December 28, 2020 |title=Top Apple analyst pours cold water on the latest Apple car reports |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/28/apple-car-market-too-bullish-ming-chi-kuo-says.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208024232/https://www.cnbc.com/2020/12/28/apple-car-market-too-bullish-ming-chi-kuo-says.html |archive-date=December 8, 2021 |access-date=March 2, 2024 |work=[[CNBC]] |publisher=[[NBCUniversal]]}}</ref>
 
In February 2024, Apple executives canceled their plans to release the autonomous electric vehicle, instead shifting resources on the project to the company's [[generative artificial intelligence]] efforts.<ref name="Gurman2024-02-27">{{Cite news |last=Gurman |first=Mark |date=February 27, 2024 |title=Apple Cancels Work on Electric Car, Shifts Team to Generative AI |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-02-27/apple-cancels-work-on-electric-car-shifts-team-to-generative-ai |url-access=limited |access-date=February 27, 2024 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]}}</ref><ref name="NYTimesDoomed2024" /> The project had reportedly cost the company over $1&nbsp;billion per year, with other parts of Apple collaborating and costing hundreds of millions of dollars in additional spend.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last1=Gurman |first1=Mark |last2=Bennett |first2=Drake |date=March 6, 2024 |title=How Apple Sank About $1 Billion a Year Into a Car It Never Built |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-03-06/apple-car-s-crash-design-details-tim-cook-s-indecision-failed-tesla-deal |url-access=limited |access-date=March 11, 2024 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |language=en}}</ref> Additionally, over 600 employees were laid off due to the cancellation of the project.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Malik |first1=Aisha |title=Apple lays off over 600 employees in California after abandoning electric car project |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/apple-lays-off-over-600-142855540.html |access-date=April 6, 2024 |agency=TechCrunch |issue=4/5/2 |publisher=Yahoo! Finance}}</ref>
 
== Car details ==
The car project cycled through multiple designs over the years. Teams at Apple outside of the development project were involved in its development.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last1=Gurman |first1=Mark |last2=Bennett |first2=Drake |date=March 6, 2024 |title=How Apple Sank About $1 Billion a Year Into a Car It Never Built |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-03-06/apple-car-s-crash-design-details-tim-cook-s-indecision-failed-tesla-deal |url-access=limited |access-date=March 11, 2024 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |language=en}}</ref> People from the [[Apple silicon]] team were heavily involved in the car to design the processor used for its autonomy. At the time of cancelation, the chip was nearly finished, and had the equivalent processing power of four [[M2 Ultra|M2 Ultras]] combined. The [[microkernel]] for the car was named "safetyOS".<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |last=Gurman |first=Mark |date=March 11, 2024 |title=Apple Still All-In on CarPlay After Auto Push Sputters |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/live-blog/2024-03-11/apple-car-canceled--live-q-a-with-bloomberg-s-mark-gurman |url-access=registration |access-date=March 17, 2024 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P]] |type=Q&A}}</ref>
 
== Proposed collaborations and acquisitions ==
During the [[2008–2010 automotive industry crisis]], with car companies nearing collapse, Apple SVP [[Tony Fadell]] floatedproposed to Jobs the idea of buying [[General Motors]] onat thea reduced cheapprice. The idea was abandoned partly because the company felt that it would be a bad look, and partly because of its focus on the [[iPhone]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Satariano |first=Adam |date=November 4, 2015 |title=Steve Jobs Considered Building an Apple Car in 2008 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-11-04/steve-jobs-considered-building-an-apple-car-in-2008 |url-access=registration |access-date=January 12, 2016 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]]}}</ref>
 
FollowingIn Apple's2014, with returnedrenewed interest in 2014the project, Apple's head of corporate development Adrian Perica met with [[Elon Musk]] several times with an interest in acquiring Tesla,<ref name=":0" /> which kicked off the research project.<ref name=":1" /> Tim Cook, Apple's CEO, shut down these early negotiations,<ref name=":0" /> partly due to Apple's CFO (and former GM Europe CFO) [[Luca Maestri]] saying how difficult the car business was.<ref name=":1" /> Despite the failure, years later, then-hardware chief [[Dan Riccio]] and former Ford engineer and iPhone engineer Steve Zadesky returned to Musk to discuss ideas for a collaboration. A few more years later, as Tesla struggled to make its [[Model 3]] sedan, Musk attempted to restart talks with Apple, but said Cook wouldn't meet.<ref name=":0" />
 
AAttempts partnershipto partner with [[Mercedes-Benz]] wasadvanced somewhat further than workedthose on,with Tesla.<ref name="NYT May 2018 VW partnership" /> and was similar to talks with and progressed further than that with Tesla.<ref name=":0" /> The plan was for Mercedes-Benz to manufacture the car, and Apple to also provide Mercedes-Benz its self-driving platform and UI for other cars.<ref name=":0" /> Apple pulled out partly because it had confidence that it could successfully manufacture a car themselves,<ref name=":0" /> and partly over disagreements over controlling the user's experience and data.<ref name="NYT May 2018 VW partnership" /> The talks lasted for more than a year.<ref name="NYT May 2018 VW partnership" />
 
The closest talks came to acquireacquiring a car company were with [[McLaren Group|McLaren]]. Some executives hoped that [[Jony Ive]] would be closer to Apple with that acquisition, following his reduced involvement in the company.<ref name=":0" /> [[BMW]] and [[Canoo]], among others, were also in exploratory talks for an acquisition.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=O'Kane |first=Sean |date=January 12, 2021 |title=Exclusive: Apple held talks with EV startup Canoo in 2020 |url=https://www.theverge.com/2021/1/12/22225026/apple-canoo-acquisition-investment-electric-car-goev |access-date=August 7, 2021 |work=The Verge |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |language=en}}</ref><ref name="NYT May 2018 VW partnership" /> Apple also met with [[Nissan]] and [[BYD Auto]].<ref name="NYT May 2018 VW partnership" /> Apple was concerned that integrating an automaker would be a disaster internally.<ref name=":0" /> Apple briefly partnered with [[Magna Steyr]], a maker of low-volume vehicles for the project.<ref name="NYT May 2018 VW partnership" />
 
In 2018, Apple signed a deal with [[Volkswagen]] to make an autonomous shuttle for Apple employees at their new headquarters, [[Apple Park]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name="NYT May 2018 VW partnership" /> Volkswagen's [[Volkswagen Transporter (T6)|T6 transport vans]] were to be modified, keeping the chassis and wheels, but with replaced dashboards, seats, and other components.<ref name="NYT May 2018 VW partnership" /> The deal, an interim effort, was shut down by Doug Field, the head of the project, who saw it as a distraction.<ref name=":0" />
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=== 2016 ===
In 2016, [[Tesla Motors]] CEO [[Elon Musk]] stated that Apple will probably make a compelling electric car: "It's pretty hard to hide something if you hire over a thousand engineers to do it."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Cellan-Jones |first=Rory |date=January 11, 2016 |title=Tesla Chief Elon Musk Says Apple Is Making an Electric Car |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35280633 |access-date=January 12, 2016 |work=BBC News |publisher=BBC}}</ref> In May 2016, reports were indicating Apple was interested in electric car [[charging station]]s.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Love |first1=Julia |last2=Sage |first2=Alexandria |name-list-style=amp |date=May 26, 2016 |title=Exclusive: Apple Explores Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/apple-charging-idINKCN0YG25R |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526161807/http://in.reuters.com/article/apple-charging-idINKCN0YG25R |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 26, 2016 |access-date=May 28, 2016 |work=Reuters}}</ref>
 
''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported on July 25, 2016, that Apple had convinced retired senior hardware engineering executive [[Bob Mansfield]] to return and take over the Titan project.<ref name="W">{{Cite news |last=Wakabayashi |first=Daisuke |date=July 25, 2016 |title=Apple Taps Bob Mansfield to Oversee Car Project |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/apple-taps-bob-mansfield-to-oversee-car-project-1469458580 |url-access=subscription |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Zac |date=July 25, 2016 |title=WSJ: Apple recruits retired hardware expert Bob Mansfield to lead Apple Car project |url=https://9to5mac.com/2016/07/25/apple-car-bob-mansfield |website=[[9to5Mac]]}}</ref> A few days later, on July 29, ''[[Bloomberg Technology]]'' reported that Apple had hired Dan Dodge, the founder and former chief executive officer of [[QNX]], [[BlackBerry Ltd.]]’s automotive software division. According to ''Bloomberg'', Dodge's hiring heralded a shift in emphasis at Apple's Project Titan, in which the company will prioritize creating software for autonomous vehicles. However, the story said that Apple would continue to develop a vehicle of its own.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Gurman |first1=Mark |last2=Webb |first2=Alex |date=July 28, 2016 |title=Apple Hires BlackBerry Talent With Car Project Turning to Self-Driving Software |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-28/apple-taps-blackberry-talent-as-car-project-takes-software-turn |url-access=registration |access-date=July 29, 2016 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P]]}}</ref> On September 9, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported dozens of layoffs in an effort to reboot,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wakabayashi |first=Daisuke |date=September 10, 2016 |title=Apple Is Said to Be Rethinking Strategy on Self-Driving Cars |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/10/technology/apple-is-said-to-be-rethinking-strategy-on-self-driving-cars.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=October 12, 2016 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> presumably from a team still numbering around 1,000.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chaffin |first=Bryan |date=September 10, 2016 |title=Bob Mansfield Reportedly Shaking Up Apple Car Project With Layoffs |url=https://www.macobserver.com/analysis/bob-mansfield-reportedly-shaking-apple-car-project-layoffs |website=The Mac Observer}}</ref>
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In January 2018, the company registered 27 self-driving vehicles with California's Department of Motor Vehicles.<ref name=D/>
 
While Apple does its bestattempted to keep its autonomous vehicles plans secret, regulatory filings did provide evidence of their project and related activities.<ref name=A/><ref name=B/> regulatory filings do provide some factual insight into its activities. In September 2018, Apple washeld reportedly inthe third place in the-highest number of California autonomous vehicle permits with 70, behind [[General Motors|GM]]'s [[Cruise Automation|Cruise]] (175) and [[Alphabet (company)|Alphabet]]'s [[Waymo]] (88).<ref name="B">{{Cite news |last=Korosec |first=Kirsten |date=September 11, 2018 |title=Apple's autonomous vehicle fleet swells 27% in four months |url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/09/11/apple-autonomous-vehicle-test-fleet-california-70 |access-date=September 11, 2018 |work=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=Oath |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
On July 7, 2018, a former Apple employee was arrested by the [[FBI]] for allegedly stealing trade secrets about Apple's self-driving car project.<ref name=D/><ref name="A">{{Cite news |last1=Shubber |first1=Kadhim |last2=Bradshaw |first2=Tim |date=July 10, 2018 |title=Apple self-driving car secrets allegedly stolen |url=https://www.ft.com/content/fa18f5b4-847e-11e8-a29d-73e3d454535d |access-date=October 15, 2018 |work=[[Financial Times]]}}</ref> He was charged by federal prosecutors.<ref name="G">{{Cite news |date=July 11, 2018 |title=Apple employee 'stole driverless car secrets' |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-44793244 |access-date=October 15, 2018 |work=BBC News |publisher=[[BBC]]}}</ref><ref name="D">{{Cite magazine |last=Finley |first=Klint |date=July 10, 2018 |title=Ex-Apple Employee Accused of Stealing Self-Driving-Car Tech |url=https://www.wired.com/story/ex-apple-employee-accused-of-stealing-self-driving-car-tech |url-access=subscription |access-date=October 15, 2018 |magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]}}</ref> The criminal complaint against the former employee revealed that at that time,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Silver |first=David |date=July 18, 2018 |title=Apple And Zoox Show How Stealth And Learning Are in Tension On Self-Driving Cars |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidsilver/2018/07/18/for-self-driving-companies-like-apple-stealth-and-learning-are-often-in-tension/ |access-date=October 15, 2018 |work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> Apple still had yet to openly discuss any of its self-driving research,<ref name="C" /> with around 5,000 employees disclosed on the project.<ref>{{Cite news |last=D'Onfro |first=Jillian |date=July 10, 2018 |title=New details about Apple's autonomous driving technology revealed in criminal complaint against ex-engineer |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/07/10/ex-apple-employee-charged-with-stealing-autonomous-car-trade-secrets.html |access-date=October 15, 2018 |work=[[CNBC]] |publisher=[[NBCUniversal]]}}</ref><ref name="E">{{Cite news |date=July 11, 2018 |title=Ex-Apple engineer, accused of stealing driverless car secrets for Chinese firm, busted at San Jose airport |url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/07/11/business/ex-apple-engineer-accused-stealing-driverless-car-secrets-chinese-firm-busted-san-jose-airport/ |access-date=October 15, 2018 |work=[[The Japan Times]] |publisher=Bloomberg L.P.}}</ref><ref name="C">{{Cite news |last=Chiu |first=Allyson |date=July 11, 2018 |title=Ex-Apple engineer arrested on his way to China, charged with stealing company's autonomous car secrets |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2018/07/11/ex-apple-engineer-arrested-on-his-way-to-china-charged-with-stealing-companys-autonomous-car-secrets/?noredirect=on |url-access=subscription |access-date=October 15, 2018 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>
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=== 2021 ===
An industry source told ''[[The Korea Times]]'' that Apple was working in Korea to build its supply chain.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 9, 2021 |title=Apple seeing developments in 'iCar' talks with Korean partners |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2021/08/693_313622.html |access-date=August 11, 2021 |work=[[The Korea Times]] |language=en}}</ref> Later in 2021, Apple was reportedly in talks with Toyota as well as Korean partners for production to commence in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chan |first=Mick |date=September 7, 2021 |title=Apple Car - Tech giant in talks with Toyota, Korean battery suppliers for production to commence 2024 |url=https://paultan.org/2021/09/07/apple-car-tech-giant-in-talks-with-toyota-korean-battery-suppliers-for-production-to-commence-2024/ |website=[[Paul Tan|paultan.org]]}}</ref>
After Doug Field departed the project and joined Ford, [[Kevin_Lynch_(computing)|Kevin Lynch]], the wearables chief at Apple, was appointed to lead the project. <ref>{{cite web
| title = Apple has reportedly appointed wearable chief Kevin Lynch to lead its car division
| website = TechCrunch
| url = https://techcrunch.com/2021/09/09/apple-has-reportedly-appointed-wearable-chief-kevin-lynch-to-lead-its-car-division/
| date = September 9, 2021
| access-date = October 22, 2024
}}</ref>
 
=== 2022–2024 ===
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In January 2024, Bloomberg reports suggested that Apple further delayed the car's release date to 2028, significantly scaling down its plans for self-driving and instead focusing on basic driver-assistance features similar to existing electric vehicles.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gurman |first=Mark |date=23 January 2024 |title=Apple Dials Back Car's Self-Driving Features and Delays Launch to 2028 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-01-23/apple-car-ev-set-to-debut-in-2028-with-limited-autonomous-driving |url-access=limited |access-date=28 February 2024 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
On February 27, 2024, Apple executives made an internal announcement that the entire car project was being cancelled, with most resources moving to work on [[Apple Intelligence|Apple's [[generative AI]] projects]].<ref name="Gurman2024-02-27" /><ref name="NYTimesDoomed2024">{{Cite news |last1=Chen |first1=Brian X. |last2=Mickle |first2=Tripp |date=February 28, 2024 |title=Behind Apple's Doomed Car Project: False Starts and Wrong Turns |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/28/technology/behind-the-apple-car-dead.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=February 28, 2024 |work=The New York Times |quote=Throughout its existence, the car effort was scrapped and rebooted several times, shedding hundreds of workers along the way. As a result of dueling views among leaders about what an Apple car should be, it began as an electric vehicle that would compete against Tesla and morphed into a self-driving car to rival Google’s Waymo.}}</ref>
 
In April 2024, Apple laid off more than 600 employees in [[Santa Clara, California]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Li |first=Roland |date=April 4, 2024 |title=Apple lays off hundreds of Bay Area workers in first mass cuts since the pandemic |url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/tech/article/apple-tech-layoffs-19386392.php |work=San Francisco Chronicle}}</ref> Most of the offices impacted by the layoffs were previously linked to project Titan<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-23 |title=Apple signs two big Santa Clara leases in fresh expansion |url=https://www.mercurynews.com/2015/07/23/apple-signs-two-big-santa-clara-leases-in-fresh-expansion-2/ |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=The Mercury News |language=en-US}}</ref> and one, 3250 Scott Blvd, code named Aria,<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 11, 2016 |title=Inside Apple's mysterious Silicon Valley industrial projects |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2016/04/11/zeus-medusa-pegasus-athena-inside-apples.html |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> was developing the microLED screens.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-03-19 |title=Apple secretly developing screens in unmarked Santa Clara facility: report |url=https://www.siliconvalley.com/2018/03/19/apple-secretly-developing-screens-in-unmarked-santa-clara-facility-report/ |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=Silicon Valley |language=en-US}}</ref>
 
== Purported employees and affiliates ==
* Jamie Carlson, a former engineer on Tesla's Autopilot self-driving car program.<ref name="reuters-several-hires">{{Cite news |last1=Lienert |first1=Paul |last2=Love |first2=Julia |name-list-style=amp |date=August 21, 2015 |title=Tesla Engineer Joins Apple's Growing Team of Automated Car Experts |url=http://ca.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idCAKCN0QQ23420150821?sp=true |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151001120046/http://ca.reuters.com/article/technologyNews/idCAKCN0QQ23420150821?sp=true |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 1, 2015 |work=Reuters}}</ref> After he left Tesla for Apple, he left Apple to work with Chinese automaker [[Nio Inc.|Nio]] on their NIO Pilot autonomous driving platform. Most recently he has returned to Apple special projects.
* Megan McClain, a former Volkswagen AG engineer with expertise in automated driving.<ref name="reuters-several-hires" />
* Vinay Palakkode, a graduate researcher at Carnegie Mellon University, a hub of automated driving research.<ref name="reuters-several-hires" />
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* Benjamin Lyon, sensor expert, manager and founding team member, who reported directly to Doug Field, left Apple<ref>{{Cite news |last=Gurman |first=Mark |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Apple Loses Key Manager From Self-Driving Electric Car Team |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-02-17/apple-s-electric-car-team-loses-key-manager-who-oversaw-sensors |url-access=subscription |access-date=February 24, 2021 |work=[[Bloomberg News]] |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 17, 2021 |title='Apple Car' project loses original project manager Benjamin Lyon |url=https://appleinsider.com/articles/21/02/17/apple-car-project-loses-original-project-manager-benjamin-lyon |access-date=February 24, 2021 |website=AppleInsider |language=en}}</ref> for a chief engineer position at "satellite and space startup" [[Astra (American spaceflight company)|Astra]] in Feb 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Etherington |first=Darrell |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Astra hires longtime Apple veteran Benjamin Lyon as chief engineer |url=https://techcrunch.com/2021/02/17/astra-hires-longtime-apple-veteran-benjamin-lyon-as-chief-engineer/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001103857/https://techcrunch.com/2021/02/17/astra-hires-longtime-apple-veteran-benjamin-lyon-as-chief-engineer/ |archive-date=October 1, 2021 |access-date=February 24, 2021 |website=[[TechCrunch]] |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=February 17, 2021 |title=Apple Veteran Benjamin Lyon Joins Astra as Chief Engineer |url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210217005605/en/Apple-Veteran-Benjamin-Lyon-Joins-Astra-as-Chief-Engineer |access-date=February 24, 2021 |website=[[Business Wire]] |language=en}}</ref>
* Weibao Wang, software engineer indicted for theft and attempted theft of trade secrets.<ref>{{Cite web |date=May 16, 2023 |title=Former Apple Employee Charged With Theft Of Trade Secrets |url=https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndca/pr/former-apple-employee-charged-theft-trade-secrets |access-date=May 16, 2023 |website=[[United States Department of Justice]] |language=en-US}}</ref>
* Doug Field, VP of special projects at Apple - de facto head of the car project. Left to join Ford <ref>{{Citation | year=2021 |title="Apple’s car chief is heading to Ford" |publisher=[[The Verge]] |url= https://www.theverge.com/2021/9/7/22661291/apple-car-chief-ford-doug-field | access-date=October 12, 2024| date=September 7, 2021}}</ref>
 
== See also ==
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_car_project"