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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox islands
| name = Korčula
| image_name =
| image_caption =
| image_size = 290px
| image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=1|zoom=8}}
| map_caption =
| native_name =
| native_name_link = Croatian
| nickname =
| location =[[Adriatic Sea]]
| coordinates = {{
| archipelago = Southern Dalmatian
| total_islands =
| major_islands =
| area_km2 = 279
| length_km = 46.8
| width_km = 7.8
| highest_mount = Klupca
| elevation_m = 568
| country = Croatia
| country_admin_divisions_title = [[Counties of Croatia|County]]
| country_admin_divisions = [[Dubrovnik–Neretva County|Dubrovnik-Neretva]]
| country_admin_divisions_title_1 =
| country_admin_divisions_1 =
| country_admin_divisions_title_2 =
| country_admin_divisions_2 =
| country_capital_city =
| country_largest_city = [[Korčula (town)|Korčula]]
| country_largest_city_population = 5,663<ref>{{Croatian Census 2011|S|19|2046}}</ref>
| country_leader_title =
| country_leader_name =
| population = 15,522
| population_as_of = 2011
| density_km2 = 56
| ethnic_groups = 96.77% [[Croats]]
| website = [http://www.korcula.hr Official website]
}}
'''Korčula''' ({{IPA
==Geography==
[[File:Korcula Satellite.jpg|thumb|left|Satellite image of Korčula]]▼
The island of Korčula belongs to the central [[Dalmatia]]n archipelago, separated from the [[Pelješac]] peninsula by a narrow Strait of Pelješac, between {{convert|900|and|3000|m|ft|abbr=off}} wide. It stretches in the east–west direction, in length of {{convert|47|km|mi|abbr=off}}; on average, it is {{convert|8|km|mi|abbr=in}} wide. With an area of {{convert|279|km2|sqmi|abbr=out}}, it is the sixth largest [[List of islands in the Adriatic|Adriatic island]]. The highest peaks are ''Klupca'', {{convert|568|m|ft|abbr=out}} and ''Kom'', {{convert|510|m|ft|abbr=out}} high.
[[File:Korcula_City.jpg|thumb|left|City of [[Korčula (town)|Korčula]]]]
Main settlements on the island are towns of [[Korčula (town)|Korčula]], [[Blato, Korčula|Blato]] and [[Vela Luka]]. Villages along the coast are [[Brna]], [[Račišće]], [[Lumbarda]] and [[Prižba]]; [[Žrnovo]], [[Pupnat]], [[Smokvica]] and [[Čara, Korčula|Čara]] are located inland. The island is divided into municipalities of Korčula, Smokvica, Blato and Lumbarda. The climate is [[Mediterranean climate|Mediterranean]]; an average air temperature in January is {{convert|9.8|C|F|1}} and in July {{convert|26.9|C|F|1}}; the average annual rainfall is {{convert|1100|mm|1|abbr=on}}. The island is largely covered with [[Mediterranean flora]] including extensive [[pine]] forests.▼
▲Main settlements on the island are towns of [[Korčula (town)|Korčula]],
The main road runs along the spine of the island connecting all settlements from Lumbarda on the eastern to Vela Luka on the western end, with the exception of Račišće, which is served by a separate road running along the northern coast.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}} Ferries connect the town of Korčula with [[Orebić]] on the Pelješac peninsula. Another line connects Vela Luka with [[Split, Croatia|Split]] and the island of [[Lastovo]]. Fast passenger catamarans connect those two ports with Split, [[Dubrovnik]] and the islands of [[Hvar]], Lastovo and [[Mljet]].
Line 55 ⟶ 57:
===Ancient history===
According to legend, the island was founded by [[Troy|Trojan]] hero [[Aeneas]] or his friend [[Antenor of Troy|Antenor]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LfJAAAAAYAAJ&q=Korcula+aeneas |title=Dubrovnik: The City and Its Surroundings. A Tourist Guide |page=118 |year=1967 |access-date=18 May 2022 |archive-date=20 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220021646/https://books.google.com/books?id=LfJAAAAAYAAJ&q=Korcula+aeneas |url-status=live }}</ref>
The island was first settled by [[Mesolithic]] and [[Neolithic]] peoples. There is archaeological evidence at the sites of [[Vela Spila]]<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/6091 |title=Božidar Čečuk i Dinko Radić: Vela spila: A stratified prehistoric site Vela Luka – island of Korčula |author=T. Težak-Gregl |journal=Opuscula Archaeologica Papers of the Department of Archaeology |volume=29 |number=1 |date=December 2005 |issn=0473-0992 |publisher=Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb |access-date=27 February 2012 |archive-date=10 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170410052302/http://hrcak.srce.hr/6091 |url-status=live }}</ref> and at Jakas Cave near the village of Žrnovo. The findings at Vela Spila are on display at the Center for Culture in Vela Luka. The fate of these peoples is not known but the sites do provide a window into their way of life.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}
▲[[File:
The second wave of human settlement was by [[Illyrians]].<ref>The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. 11: The High Empire, AD 70–192 by Peter Rathbone</ref> It is believed that the Illyrians arrived to the [[Balkans]] approximately 1,000 BC.<ref>John Wilkes, ''The Illyrians (The Peoples of Europe)''; {{ISBN|0-631-19807-5}} (1996)</ref> They were semi-nomadic tribal people living from agriculture. There are numerous old stone buildings and fortresses (''[[Gradina|gradine]]'') left behind by the Illyrians.<ref>[http://www.korcula.net/history/histsurvey.htm History of Korčula], Korčula.net; accessed 4 December 2015.</ref>▼
▲The second wave of human settlement was by [[Illyrians]]
''Melaina Korkyra'' ({{lang-el|Μέλαινα Κόρκυρα|lit=Black [[Korkyra (polis)|Korkyra]]}}) was the ancient [[Cnidus|Cnidian]] [[Greek colonisation|Greek colony]] founded on Korčula.<ref>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, Index</ref> Greek colonists from [[Corfu]] formed a colony on the island in the 6th century B.C.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} The [[Ancient Greece|Greeks]] named it "Black Korkyra" after their homeland and the dense pine-woods on the island. Greek artifacts, including carved marble tombstones can be found at the local Korčula town museum.▼
▲''Melaina Korkyra'' ({{
A stone inscription found in Lumbarda ([[Lumbarda Psephisma]]) and which is the oldest written stone monument in Croatia,<ref>[http://attalus.org/docs/sig1/s141.html Syll.³ 141] - English translation.</ref> records that Greek settlers from Issa ([[Vis (island)|Vis]]) founded another colony on the island in the 3rd century BC. The two communities lived peacefully until the [[Illyrian Wars]] (220 BC to 219 BC)<ref>Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, p. 120, {{ISBN|0-631-19807-5}}, p. 160</ref> with the [[Roman Republic|Romans]].▼
▲A stone inscription found in Lumbarda ([[Lumbarda Psephisma]]) and which is the oldest written stone monument in Croatia,<ref>[http://attalus.org/docs/sig1/s141.html Syll.³ 141] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813173833/http://attalus.org/docs/sig1/s141.html |date=13 August 2020 }} - English translation.</ref> records that Greek settlers from Issa ([[Vis (island)|Vis]]) founded another colony on the island in the 3rd century BC. The two communities lived peacefully until the [[Illyrian Wars]] (220 BC to 219 BC)<ref>Wilkes, J. J. The Illyrians, 1992, p. 120, {{ISBN|0-631-19807-5}}, p. 160</ref> with the [[Roman Republic|Romans]].
The island became part of the [[Roman province]] of [[Illyricum (Roman province)|Illyricum]]<ref>[[Encyclopædia Britannica]], 2002; {{ISBN|0852297874}}.
* The Roman province of Illyricum stretched from the Drilon River (the Drin, in modern Albania) in the south to Istria (modem Slovenia and Croatia)</ref> after the Illyrian Wars. Roman migration followed and Roman citizens arrived on the island. [[Roman villa]]s appeared through the territory of Korčula and there is evidence of an organised agricultural exploitation of the land. There are archaeological remains of Roman Junianum<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=QtppAAAAMAAJ&q=Roman+Junianum+korcula Croatian Adriatic:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220021704/https://books.google.com/books?id=QtppAAAAMAAJ&q=Roman+Junianum+korcula |date=20 February 2024 }} History, Culture, Art & Natural beauties</ref> on the island and old church foundations.<ref>[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=hr&u=http://crkve.prizba.net/blato_korcula_crkva_gospe_od_poja.html&ei=S8DhSsKkO9eAkQX--6y2AQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CAwQ7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dkorcula%2BBlato%2Bcrkve%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26rls%3Den%26sa%3DG "Church of Our Lady of Poja"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208233110/http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=hr&u=http://crkve.prizba.net/blato_korcula_crkva_gospe_od_poja.html&ei=S8DhSsKkO9eAkQX--6y2AQ&sa=X&oi=translate&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CAwQ7gEwAQ&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dkorcula%2BBlato%2Bcrkve%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dsafari%26rls%3Den%26sa%3DG |date=8 December 2015 }}, crkve.prizba.net; accessed 4 December 2015.</ref>
In 10 AD, Illyricum was split into two provinces, [[Pannonia]] and [[Dalmatia (Roman province)|Dalmatia]].<ref>John Everett-Healu. "Dalmatia" profile, ''Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names'', Oxford University Press (2005). Encyclopedia.com</ref> Korčula became part of the ancient Roman province of Dalmatia.
===Middle Ages===
In the 6th century it came under [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] rule. The [[Migration Period|Great Migrations]] of the 6th and 7th centuries brought [[Croats|Slavic]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=l6JnAAAAMAAJ&q=slavs A History of the Croatian] by Francis Ralph Preveden (1955)</ref> invasions into this region. Along the Dalmatian coast the [[Early Slavs|Slavic peoples]] poured out of the interior and seized control of the area of the [[Neretva Delta]], as well as the island of Korčula, which protects the river mouth. The [[Christianization#Croatua|Christianisation of the Croats]] began in the 9th century, but the early [[Croats|Croatian]] rural inhabitants of the island may well have fully accepted [[Christianity]] only later; in the [[early Middle Ages]] the Croatian population of the island was grouped with the [[Pagans|pagan]] [[Narentines]] or Neretvians, who quickly learned maritime skills in this new environment and became known as pirates.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}▼
▲In the 6th century it came under [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] rule. The [[Migration Period|Great Migrations]] of the 6th and 7th centuries brought [[Croats|Slavic]]<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=l6JnAAAAMAAJ&q=slavs A History of the Croatian] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164822/https://books.google.com/books?id=l6JnAAAAMAAJ&q=slavs |date=26 March 2023 }} by Francis Ralph Preveden (1955)</ref> invasions into this region. Along the Dalmatian coast the [[Early Slavs|Slavic peoples]] including the Croats poured out of the interior and seized control of the area of the [[Neretva Delta]], as well as the island of Korčula, which protects the river mouth. The [[Christianization#Croatua|Christianisation of the Croats]] began in the 9th century, but the early [[Croats|Croatian]] rural inhabitants of the island may well have fully accepted [[Christianity]] only later; in the [[early Middle Ages]] the Croatian population of the island was grouped with the [[
Initially, [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] merchants were willing to pay an annual tribute to keep their shipping safe from the infamous Neretvian pirates of the Dalmatian coast. After the 9th century, the island was briefly under nominal Byzantine suzerainty. In 998 the Principality of Pagania came under Venetian control. [[Doge of Venice|Doge]] [[Pietro II Orseolo]] launched a naval expedition along the coast and assumed the title Duke of Dalmatia.<ref>Frederic Chapin Lane, ''Venice, a Maritime Republic'', Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1973; {{ISBN|978-0-8018-1445-7}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=PQpU2JGJCMwC&dq=curzola&pg=PA26 p. 26].</ref> Afterwards Korčula came under the control of the Great Principality of [[Zachlumia]].▼
[[File:Korcula-east-panoramic.j1.jpg|280px|right|thumb|A panoramic view of the easternmost parts of Korčula, with Lumbarda, City of Korčula and Orebić (Pelješac) from left to right]]▼
▲Initially, [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] merchants were willing to pay an annual tribute to keep their shipping safe from the infamous Neretvian pirates of the Dalmatian coast. After the 9th century, the island was briefly under nominal Byzantine suzerainty. In 998 the Principality of Pagania came under Venetian control. [[Doge of Venice|Doge]] [[Pietro II Orseolo]] launched a naval expedition along the coast and assumed the title Duke of Dalmatia.<ref>Frederic Chapin Lane, ''Venice, a Maritime Republic'', Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1973; {{ISBN|978-0-8018-1445-7}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=PQpU2JGJCMwC&dq=curzola&pg=PA26 p. 26] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164822/https://books.google.com/books?id=PQpU2JGJCMwC&dq=curzola&pg=PA26 |date=26 March 2023 }}.</ref> Afterwards Korčula came under the control of the Great Principality of [[Zachlumia]].
In the 12th century Korčula was conquered by a Venetian nobleman, Pepone Zorzi, and incorporated briefly into the Republic of Venice. Around this time, the local Korčula rulers began to exercise diplomacy and legislate a [[Municipal corporation|town charter]] to secure the independence of the island, particularly with regard to internal affairs, given its powerful neighbors.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}
The brothers of [[Stefan Nemanja|Stephen Nemanja]], [[Miroslav of Hum|Miroslav]] and [[Stracimir Zavidović|Stracimir]], launched an attack on the island on 10 August 1184, raiding its fertile western part. The island's inhabitants called for help from the [[Republic of Ragusa]] (Dubrovnik), which in turn captured all of Stracimir's [[galley]]s.<ref>Robin Harris, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9GxpAAAAMAAJ&q=korcula Dubrovnik: A History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220021651/https://books.google.com/books?id=9GxpAAAAMAAJ&q=korcula |date=20 February 2024 }} (page 37)], books.google.com; accessed 4 December 2015.</ref>▼
▲The brothers of [[Stefan Nemanja|Stephen Nemanja]], [[Miroslav of Hum|Miroslav]] and [[Stracimir Zavidović|Stracimir]], launched an attack on the island on 10 August 1184, raiding its fertile western part. The island's inhabitants called for help from the [[Republic of Ragusa]] (Dubrovnik), which in turn captured all of Stracimir's [[galley]]s.<ref>Robin Harris, [https://books.google.com/books?id=9GxpAAAAMAAJ&q=korcula Dubrovnik: A History] (page 37)], books.google.com; accessed 4 December 2015.</ref>
The Statute of Korčula was first drafted in 1214.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=09IxAAAAIAAJ&q=Statute+of+Korčula Korčulanski Statut:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220021706/https://books.google.com/books?id=09IxAAAAIAAJ&q=Statute+of+Kor%C4%8Dula |date=20 February 2024 }} Statut Grada i Otoka Korčule iz 1214 Godine. English chapter-page 195</ref><ref>[http://www.korculainfo.com/history/statute-korcula-town-1214.html Korčula Statute] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316043710/http://www.korculainfo.com/history/statute-korcula-town-1214.html |date=16 March 2013 }}, korculainfo.com; accessed 4 December 2015.</ref> It guaranteed the relative autonomy of the island
In 1221, [[Pope Honorius III]] gave the island to the Princes of [[Krka (Croatia)|Krka]] (the [[Šubić family
What is more definite is that in 1298 the Republic of Genoa defeated Venice in the documented [[Battle of Curzola]]<ref>David S. Kelly, "Genoa and Venice: An Early Commercial Rivalry" in William R. Thompson, ed., ''Great Power Rivalries'', Columbia, South Carolina: University of South Carolina, 1999, {{ISBN|978-1-57003-279-0}}, pp. 125–71, [https://books.google.com/books?id=qAZ4I-8tQIsC&dq=Battle+of+curzola&pg=PA142 p. 142] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220021654/https://books.google.com/books?id=qAZ4I-8tQIsC&dq=Battle+of+curzola&pg=PA142#v=onepage&q=Battle%20of%20curzola&f=false |date=20 February 2024 }}.</ref><ref>[[Angeliki E. Laiou]], ''Constantinople and the Latins: The Foreign Policy of Andronicus II, 1282–1328'', Harvard historical studies 88, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard, 1972; {{ISBN|978-0-674-16535-9}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=RyyGAAAAIAAJ&q=Battle+of+curzola p. 108] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220021654/https://books.google.com/books?id=RyyGAAAAIAAJ&q=Battle+of+curzola |date=20 February 2024 }}</ref> off the coast of Korčula
After the writings of [[Pope Martin IV]] in 1284 and [[Pope Honorius IV]] in 1286 to the [[Archbishop of Ragusa]], the Archbishop installed a certain Petar as [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Ston|Bishop of Ston and Korčula]] – ''stacnensis ac Crozolensis''. In 1291, Ivan Kručić was in Korčula's city as the Bishop of Korčula. Kručić contested his overlord, the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Hvar-Brač-Vis|Archbishop of Hvar]], and wanted to unite [[Ston]] with his church domain. In 1300, [[Pope Boniface VIII]] finally founded the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Korčula|Korčula Bishopric]] under the Archbishopric of Ragusa. In 1333, as the Republic of Ragusa purchased Ston with Pelješac from the [[Serbian Empire]], the suzerainty of Ston's [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic Church]] with the peninsula was given to the Bishopric of Korčula.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}
▲[[File:Korcula-east-panoramic.j1.jpg|280px|right|thumb|A panoramic view of the easternmost parts of Korčula, with Lumbarda, City of Korčula and Orebić (Pelješac) from left to right]]
Curzola, as the Venetians called the island, surrendered to the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)|Kingdom of Hungary]] in 1358 according to the [[Treaty of Zadar]], but it surrendered to the [[Kingdom of Bosnia|Bosnian]] King [[Tvrtko I of Bosnia|Stephen Tvrtko I]] in the summer of 1390. However the Kingdom of Hungary restored rule of the island, and in December 1396 [[Croatia in personal union with Hungary|Croatian]]-[[King of Hungary|Hungarian King]] [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]] gave it to [[Đurađ II Balšić|Đurađ II Stracimirović]] of the [[Balšić noble family|Balšić dynasty]] of [[Principality of Zeta|Zeta]], who kept it up to his death in 1403, when it was returned under the Hungarian crown. In 1409 it again became a part of the Republic of Venice, purchased by the neighbouring Republic of Venice in 1413–1417, it still declared itself subjected to Venice in 1420. In 1571 it defended itself so gallantly against the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] attackers at the [[Battle of Lepanto (1571)|Battle of Lepanto]] that it obtained the designation ''Fidelissima'' from
===Venetian and Austrian rule===
[[File:Curzola 1863 10kr D14.jpg|thumb|
Korčula had for years supplied the [[timber]] for the wooden walls of Venice, and had been a favourite station of her fleets. From 1776 to 1797 Korčula succeeded Hvar as the main Venetian fortified [[arsenal]] in this region. According to the [[Treaty of Campo Formio]] in 1797 in which the Republic of Venice was divided between the [[French First Republic|French Republic]] and the [[Habsburg monarchy]], Korčula passed on to the Habsburg monarchy.{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}
The [[First French Empire|French Empire]] invaded the island in 1806, joining it to the [[Illyrian Provinces]]. The [[Prince-Bishopric of Montenegro|Montenegrin]] Forces of ''[[vladika]]'' [[Petar I Petrović-Njegoš]] conquered the island with [[Russian Empire|Russian]] naval assistance<ref>[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb__AVXTXJeKiIC/page/n292 <!-- pg=260 quote=Battle of Lepanto curzola. --> Dalmatia and Montenegro] by J. Gardner Wilkinson</ref> in 1807 during his attempt to construct another Serbian Empire. The defeat of [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] however at the [[Battle of Wagram]] in 1809 had put most of the Adriatic under French control. On 4 February 1813 however, [[British Army during the Napoleonic Wars|British troops]] and [[Royal Navy|naval forces]] under [[Thomas Fremantle (Royal Navy officer)|Thomas Fremantle]] captured the island from the French. This short period of British rule left an important mark on the island; the new stone West quay was built, as well as a semi-circular paved terrace with stone benches on the newly built road towards Lumbarda, and a circular [[Martello tower]], "forteca" on the St. Blaise's Hill above the town.<ref>{{cite web |title=Travel Guide to Korčula - Croatia |url=http://www.korculainfo.com/blog/index.php/new-mast-on-forteca-korcula/ |work=KorčulaINFO.com |access-date=7 June 2013 |archive-date=10 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010134615/http://www.korculainfo.com/blog/index.php/new-mast-on-forteca-korcula |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=200th anniversary of British Navy's occupation of Korčula |url=http://www.croatiantimes.com/news/General_News/2013-02-04/31983/200th_anniversary_of_British_navy_occupation_of_Korčula |
===20th century===
During the [[World War I]], the island (among other territorial gains) was promised to the [[Kingdom of Italy]] in the [[Treaty of London (1915)|1915 Treaty of London]] in return for Italy joining the war on the side of [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Great Britain]] and [[French Third Republic|France]]. However, after the war, Korčula became a part (with the rest of Dalmatia) of the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] in 1918. It was ruled by Italy from 1918 to 1921, after which it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, known from 1929 on as the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]]. It became part of the [[Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia#Pre-Yugoslav subdivisions (1918–1922)|Province of Dalmatia]], before becoming part of the [[Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia#Oblasts (1922–1929)|Dubrovnik Oblast]] in 1922. The island became part of the [[Littoral Banovina]] in 1929, and finally, in 1939, it became a part of the autonomous [[Banovina of Croatia]].{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}▼
▲During the [[World War I]], the island
After the [[Axis powers|Axis]] [[invasion of Yugoslavia]] in April 1941, [[Fascist Italy (1922–1943)|Italy]] annexed the island.{{sfn|Barčot|2011|p=314}} After the [[Armistice of Cassibile]] between Italy and the [[Allies of World War II|Allied powers]] in September 1943, it was briefly held by the [[Yugoslav Partisans]] who enjoyed considerable support in the region.{{sfn|Barčot|2011|p=314}} Korčula was then occupied by [[Wehrmacht|German forces]] which controlled the island until their withdrawal in September 1944.{{sfn|Barčot|2011|p=356}} With the [[liberation of Yugoslavia]] in 1945, the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia was formed, and Korčula became a part of the People's Republic of Croatia, one of the six Yugoslav republics. The state changed the name to [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] in 1953, and so did the Republic to [[Socialist Republic of Croatia]]. From 1963 to 1974, the island hosted the [[Praxis School#Korčula Summer School|Korčula Summer School]], a ten-day gathering of the European left.<ref>[https://www.calvertjournal.com/articles/show/13038/marx-on-the-beach-the-forgotten-story-of-yugoslavias-rebel-communist-summer-school Yugoslavia’s rebel communist summer school] Retrieved 23 August 2022.</ref> After [[1991 Croatian independence referendum|1991]], the island became a part of the [[Independence of Croatia|independent Republic of Croatia]].{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}▼
▲After the [[Axis powers|Axis]] [[invasion of Yugoslavia]] in April 1941, [[Fascist Italy (1922–1943)|Italy]] annexed the island.{{sfn|Barčot|2011|p=314}} After the [[Armistice of Cassibile]] between Italy and the [[Allies of World War II|Allied powers]] in September 1943, it was briefly held by the [[Yugoslav Partisans]] who enjoyed considerable support in the region.{{sfn|Barčot|2011|p=314}} Korčula was then occupied by [[Wehrmacht|German forces]] which controlled the island until their withdrawal in September 1944.{{sfn|Barčot|2011|p=356}} With the [[liberation of Yugoslavia]] in 1945, the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia was formed, and Korčula became a part of the People's Republic of Croatia, one of the six Yugoslav republics. The state changed the name to [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] in 1953, and so did the Republic to [[Socialist Republic of Croatia]].
==Culture==
The 17th century saw the rise of [[Petar Kanavelić]] who wrote love songs, occasional epic [[poems]] and dramas. He also translated from [[Italian language|Italian]] the major poetic works of that time. He is regarded as one of the greatest [[Croatian literature|Croatian writers]] of the 17th century.<ref>
[[Moreška]] is a traditional [[sword dance]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.korculainfo.com/moreska_korcula.htm |title=The Moreska Dance |publisher=korculainfo.com |access-date=31 December 2009 |archive-date=31 May 2004 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040531173108/http://www.korculainfo.com/moreska_korcula.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.korcula.net/naselja/korcula/moreska.htm |title=Moreska |publisher=korcula.net |access-date=31 December 2009 |archive-date=2 December 1998 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19981202192911/http://www.korcula.net/naselja/korcula/moreska.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> from the town of Korčula. It is one of the many proud traditional sword dances that are performed on the island. It arrived in Korčula around the 16th century. Korčula has a rich musical history of ''[[Klapa|
Korčula has a tradition of [[stonemasonry]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_p0F60fOk8sC&q=korcula+&pg=PA32 Dimension Stone] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240220021652/https://books.google.com/books?id=_p0F60fOk8sC&q=korcula+&pg=PA32#v=snippet&q=korcula&f=false |date=20 February 2024 }}, New Perspectives for a Traditional Building Material by Richard Prikryl. Chapter: Historical Review of Exploitation & Utilisation of Stone in Croatia/page 32.</ref><ref>[http://www.korculainfo.com/stone_masonry_korcula.htm Korčula and Stone Masonry] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091124134817/http://www.korculainfo.com/stone_masonry_korcula.htm |date=24 November 2009 }} Korčulainfo.com</ref> which reached its peak during the rule of the
===Festivals===
====Korkyra Baroque Festival====
The Korkyra Baroque Festival is an annual international event, launched in 2012. The festival showcases a selection of the world's leading ensembles and soloists specialized in [[Baroque music]]. Over ten days a series of concerts and supporting events focus on Baroque music, promoting the richness of Korčula's cultural monuments and the whole town as a unique architectural treasure.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://korkyrabaroque.com/en/ |title=Korkyra Baroque – 8. Barokni festival na Korčuli |language=en-US |access-date=2020-02-14 |archive-date=30 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430033020/http://www.korkyrabaroque.com/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
==Notable residents==▼
* [[Arneri]] family were landowners from 15th century, who built the Palace Arneri in the town of Korčula▼
* [[Meri Cetinić]] (b. 1953), singer from [[Blato, Korčula|Blato]]▼
* [[Oliver Dragojević]] (1947–2018), singer from [[Vela Luka]]▼
* [[Željko Franulović]] (b.1947), tennis player, runner-up at the 1970 French Open▼
* [[Frano Kršinić]] (1897–1981), sculptor, from [[Lumbarda]].▼
* [[Boško Lozica]] (b.1952), [[water polo]] player, silver medalist at the [[1980 Summer Olympics]]▼
* [[Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1st Baronet|Sir Fitzroy Maclean]], (1911–1996), soldier, writer and politician, from [[Scotland]].<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article413995.ece Obituary of Veronica Lady Maclean], timesonline.co.uk, 19 January 2005. Accessed 10 July 2011</ref>▼
* [[Ivan Milat (painter)|Ivan Milat Luketa]] (1922–2009), painter, from Blato.▼
* Blessed [[Marija Petković]] (1892–1966), founder of the Daughters of Mercy Catholic order, from Blato.▼
* [[Bill Rancic]] (b. 1971), is a [[Croatian Americans|Croatian American]] [[entrepreneur]] who was hired by [[The Trump Organization]] at the conclusion of the first season of the [[reality television]] show, ''[[The Apprentice (US TV Series)|The Apprentice]]'', and owns a [[villa]] on the island.▼
* [[Petar Šegedin (writer)|Petar Šegedin]] (1909–1998), writer, from Žrnovo.▼
* [[Zvonimir Šeparović]] (1928-2022), legal scholar, former diplomat, from Blato.▼
* [[Ante Žanetić]] (1936-2014), Croatian football player and Olympic gold medalist, from Blato.▼
* [[Matko Talovac]] (about 1400–1445), ban (viceroy) of Slavonia from 1435 to 1445, from the town of Korčula.▼
* [[Dinko Tomašić]] (1902–1975), sociologist, from [[Smokvica]].▼
* [[Maksimilijan Vanka]] (1889–1963), [[Croatian Americans|Croatian American]] painter who had a home in Korčula<ref>[http://www.korculainfo.com/museums/korcula-museum-maximilian-vanka.html Maksimilijan Vanka reference], korculainfo.com; accessed 4 December 2015.</ref>▼
* [[Domenica Žuvela]] (b.1992), singer▼
==Transport==
{{Update-section|date=May 2016}}
[[File:Jadrolinija ferry, Korčula.jpg|thumb|right|A [[Jadrolinija]] ferry approaching Korčula harbour]]
Korčula is linked to the mainland by a regular ferry service that runs between Dominče, just outside Korčula Town and [[Orebić]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.korculainfo.com/ferries/orebic-korcula-ferry.htm|title=Ferry Korčula-Orebić-Korčula|publisher=Korčula Info|access-date=2008-08-23}}</ref> There are numerous other local ferry services including one linking Vela Luka and [[Lastovo]].<ref name="Ferries">{{cite web|url=http://www.korculainfo.com/ferries-korcula.htm|title=Ferries Korčula|publisher=Korčula Info|access-date=2008-08-23}}</ref> The main Croatian ferry operator [[Jadrolinija]] runs a service linking Korčula Town with [[Rijeka]], [[Split (city)|Split]], [[Hvar]], [[Mljet]], [[Dubrovnik]] and (from May to September) [[Bari]].<ref name="Ferries"/> An operator Linijska nacionalna plovidba runs a seasonal service linking Korčula with Drvenik.▼
▲Korčula is linked to the mainland by a regular ferry service that runs between Dominče, just outside the town of Korčula
There are also bus services that link the island to major cities on the mainland, which reach Korčula using the Orebić ferry service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.korculainfo.com/buses-roads-korcula.htm|title=Korčula buses|publisher=Korčula Info|access-date=2008-08-23}}</ref>▼
▲There are also bus services that link the island to major cities on the mainland, which reach Korčula using the Orebić ferry service.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.korculainfo.com/buses-roads-korcula.htm |title=Korčula buses |publisher=Korčula Info |access-date=2008-08-23 |archive-date=13 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080913151614/http://www.korculainfo.com/buses-roads-korcula.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>
Korčula town also has mooring facilities. The western harbour gives shelter from wind though not against the ''‘[[Bora (wind)|bora]]’'' and north-westerlies. Boat owners are advised to shift to the eastern harbour or to Luka Cove. The port is open to international seaborne traffic as a permanent [[Port of entry]]; it offers all types of repairs to hulls and engines at the Brodograditelj Shipyard.▼
▲Korčula town also has mooring facilities. The western harbour gives shelter from wind though not against the
▲==Notable residents==
▲* [[Arneri]] family
▲* [[Meri Cetinić]] (b. 1953), singer from [[Blato, Korčula|Blato]]
▲* [[Oliver Dragojević]] (1947–2018), singer from [[Vela Luka]]
▲* [[Željko Franulović]] (b. 1947), tennis player, runner-up at the 1970 French Open
▲* [[Boško Lozica]] (b. 1952), [[water polo]] player, silver medalist at the [[1980 Summer Olympics]]
▲* [[Sir Fitzroy Maclean, 1st Baronet|Sir Fitzroy Maclean]], (1911–1996), soldier, writer and politician, from [[Scotland]]
▲* Blessed [[Marija Petković]] (1892–1966), founder of the Daughters of Mercy Catholic order, from Blato
▲* [[Bill Rancic]] (b. 1971), is a [[Croatian Americans|Croatian American]] [[entrepreneur]] who was hired by [[
▲* [[Matko Talovac]] (about 1400–1445), [[ban
▲* [[Maksimilijan Vanka]] (1889–1963),
▲* [[Ante Žanetić]] (
▲* [[Domenica Žuvela]] (b. 1992), singer
==See also==
Line 155 ⟶ 167:
===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite journal |url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/75245 |title=Vlast Nezavisne Države Hrvatske na otoku Korčuli |trans-title=The administration of the Independent State of Croatia on the island of Korčula |last=
* {{cite book |last1=Cresswell |first1=Peterjon |last2=Atkins |first2=Ismay |last3=Dunn |first3=Lily |title=Time Out Croatia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VZweAAAACAAJ |year=2006 |publisher=Time Out Group Ltd & Ebury Publishing, [[Random House|Random House Ltd.]] 20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London SV1V 2SA |edition=First |location=London, Berkeley & Toronto |isbn=978-1-904978-70-1 }}
{{Refend}}
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