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<!-- {{Update|talk=2013 IUPAC Recommendations|date=September 2016}} -->
<!-- In this article, several separate references of the ''Provisional Recommendations'' are given, because the complete pdf is difficult to read. -->
In [[chemical nomenclature]], a '''preferred IUPAC name''' ('''PIN''') is a unique name, assigned to a chemical substance and preferred among
Preferred IUPAC names are applicable only for [[organic compounds]], to which the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) has the definition as compounds which contain at least a single carbon atom but no [[Alkali metal|alkali]], [[Alkaline earth metal|alkaline earth]] or [[transition metals]] and can be named by the nomenclature of organic compounds<ref name=iupac2013>{{cite book | title = Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book) | publisher = [[Royal Society of Chemistry|The Royal Society of Chemistry]] | date = 2014 | location = Cambridge | doi = 10.1039/9781849733069-FP001 | isbn = 978-0-85404-182-4}}</ref> (see [[#Scope_of_the_nomenclature_for_organic_compounds|below]]). Rules for the remaining organic and inorganic compounds are still under development.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hartshorn |first1=R. M. |last2=Hellwich |first2=K.-H. |last3=Yerin |first3=A. |last4=Damhus |first4=T. |last5=Hutton |first5=A. T. |title=Brief Guide to the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry |journal=Pure and Applied Chemistry |date=2015 |volume=87 |issue=9–10 |pages=1039–1049 |doi=10.1515/pac-2014-0718 |s2cid=100897636 |access-date=20 February 2019 |url=https://iupac.org/cms/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Inorganic-Brief-Guide-V1-3.pdf|hdl=10092/12053 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
The concept of PINs is defined in the introductory chapter
== Definitions ==
{{further|IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry|IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry}}
A '''preferred IUPAC name''' or '''PIN''' is a name that is preferred among two or more IUPAC names. An '''IUPAC name''' is a [[Systematic_name#In_chemistry | systematic name]] that meets the recommended IUPAC rules. IUPAC names include retained names. A '''general IUPAC name''' is any IUPAC name that is not a "preferred IUPAC name". A '''retained name''' is a traditional or otherwise often used name, usually a [[trivial name]], that may be used in IUPAC nomenclature.<ref name=Chapter1>IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004, par.
Since systematic names often are not human-readable a PIN may be a retained name. Both "PINs" and "retained names" have to be chosen (and established by IUPAC) explicitly, unlike other IUPAC names, which automatically arise from IUPAC nomenclatural rules. Thus, the PIN is sometimes the retained name (e.g., phenol and acetic acid, instead of benzenol and ethanoic acid), while in other cases, the systematic name was chosen over a very common retained name (e.g., propan-2-one, instead of acetone).
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* Additive and subtractive operations remain available as with the general case. For example, one keeps changing "ane" into "ene" for double bonds. Additive operations generally have better names derived from the above rules, such as phenyloxirane for [[styrene oxide]].
== Retained
{{Main|Retained name}}
The number of retained non-systematic, trivial names of simple organic compounds (for example [[formic acid]] and [[acetic acid]]) has been reduced considerably for preferred IUPAC names, although a larger set of retained names is available for general nomenclature. The traditional names of simple [[monosaccharides]], α-amino acids and many natural products have been retained as preferred IUPAC names; in these cases the systematic names may be very complicated and virtually never used. The name for [[water]] itself is a retained IUPAC name.
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== Further reading ==
* {{cite book |last1=Wisniewski |first1=Janusz Leon |chapter=Chemical Nomenclature and Structure Representation: Algorithmic Generation and Conversion |title=Handbook of Chemoinformatics |date=5 May 2008 |pages=51–79 |doi=10.1002/9783527618279.ch4|isbn=978-3-527-30680-0 }} – background on why a preferred name is needed (multiple dialects of "systematic" such as [[Chemical Abstracts Service|CAS]] and [[Beilstein database |Beilstein]])
[[Category:Chemical nomenclature]]
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