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{{Short description|River gods in Greek mythology}}
{{other uses}}
{{Greek myth (aquatic nymphs)}}
[[File:Бог реки Нил коптская ткань IV В.jpg|thumb|[[Nilus (mythology)|Nilus]], the ''potamos'' of the [[Nile River]], depicted in a [[Copts|Coptic]] tapestry]]
The '''''Potamoi''''' ({{langx|grc|Ποταμοί|Potamoí|Rivers}}) are the gods of [[river]]s and streams of the earth in [[Greek mythology]].
==Mythology==
The river gods were the 3000 sons of the great earth-encircling river [[Oceanus]] and his wife [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]] and the brothers of the [[Oceanid]]s.<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [
Notable river gods include:
* [[Achelous]], the god of the [[Achelous River]], the largest river in Greece, who gave his daughter in marriage to [[Alcmaeon (mythology)|Alcmaeon]],<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.7.5 3.7.5].</ref> and was defeated by [[Heracles]] in a wrestling contest for the right to marry [[Deianira]].<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.8.1 1.8.1], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.7.5 2.7.5].</ref>
* [[Alpheus (deity)|Alpheus]], who fell in love with the [[nymph]] [[Arethusa (mythology)|
* [[Asopus]], father of many naiads. His daughter [[Aegina]] was carried off to the island Aegina by Zeus. Another daughter, [[Sinope (mythology)|Sinope]], tricked three amorous gods into leaving her virginity intact.
* [[Inachus]], the first king of Argos and progenitor of the Argive line through his son Argus.
* [[Nilus (mythology)|Nilus]], Egyptian river god and the father of numerous daughters * [[Peneus]], river god of Thessaly flowing from the foot of Pindus. He was the father of [[Daphne]] and [[Stilbe]], love interests of the god Apollo.
* [[Scamander]], who fought on the side of the [[Troy|Trojans]] during the [[Trojan War]], and
Ancient Greek poet [[Hesiod]] mentioned several river gods by name, along with their origin story, in ''[[Theogony|Theogonia]]<ref>θεογονία. [[Henry Liddell|Liddell, Henry George]]; [[Robert Scott (philologist)|Scott, Robert]]; ''[[A Greek–English Lexicon]]'' at the [[Perseus Project]]</ref>'' ("the birth of the gods"):<blockquote>And Tethys bare to Ocean eddying rivers, Nilus, and Alpheus, and deep-swirling Eridanus, Strymon, and Meander, and the fair stream of Ister, and Phasis, and Rhesus, and the silver eddies of Achelous, Nessus, and Rhodius, Haliacmon, and Heptaporus, Granicus, and Aesepus, and holy Simois, and Peneus, and Hermus, and Caicus fair stream, and great Sangarius, Ladon, Parthenius, Euenus, Ardescus, and divine Scamander. — ''Theogony,'' Hesiod. Translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White (1914)<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm |title=The Theogony |year=1914 |isbn=978-1-4209-0525-0 |language=en |translator-last=Evelyn-White |translator-first=Hugh G. |oclc=1289856352}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hesiod |url=https://www.theoi.com/Text/HesiodTheogony.html |title=Hesiod, Homeric Hymns, Epic Cycle, Homerica. |publisher=William Heinemann |others=H G. Loeb Classical Library |year=1914 |volume=57 |location=London}}</ref></blockquote>
==List of
The following are the sons of Oceanus and Tethys:''<ref>[[
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
! rowspan="2" |Name of river
! rowspan="2" |River god
! colspan="7" |Sources
! rowspan="2" |Location
! rowspan="2" |Son of Oceanus and Tethys
|-
!''Hes.''
!''Ovid''
!''
!''
!''
!''
!''Others''
|-
|[[Achelous]] or Akheloios
|✓
|✓
|✓
|✓
|✓
|✓
|✓
|''Homer, Sophocles, Euripides, Callimachus, Apollonius Rhodius, Diodorus Siculus, Statius, Hyginus, Plato, Aristotle''
|Aetolia
|✓
|-
|[[Acheron]]
|✓
|
|✓
|✓
|
|
Line 55 ⟶ 61:
|''*presumably''
|-
|[[Acis and Galatea|Acis]]
|''Changed into a river''
|
|✓
|
|
Line 67 ⟶ 73:
|son of Pan and nymph Symaethis
|-
|[[Acragas (mythology)|Acragas]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
Line 79 ⟶ 85:
|
|-
|[[Aeas]]
|✓
|
|✓
|
|
Line 91 ⟶ 97:
|''*''
|-
|[[Aegaeus (mythology)|Aegaeus]]
|✓
|
|
Line 103 ⟶ 109:
|*
|-
|[[Aesar (mythology)|Aesar]]
|✓
|
|
Line 116 ⟶ 122:
|-
|[[Aesepus]]
|✓
|✓
|
|
Line 125 ⟶ 131:
|
|Troad
|✓
|-
|[[Almo (god)|Almo]]
|✓
|
|✓
|
|
Line 140 ⟶ 146:
|-
|[[Alpheus (mythology)|Alpheus]]
|✓
|✓
|✓
|
|✓
|✓
|✓
|
|Arcadia
|✓
|-
|[[Amnisos (mythology)|Amnisos]]
|✓
|
|
Line 159 ⟶ 165:
|
|
|''Apollonius, Callimachus''
|Crete
|*
|-
|[[Amphrysos]]
|✓
|
|✓
|
|
Line 176 ⟶ 181:
|*
|-
|[[
|✓
|
|✓
|
|
Line 188 ⟶ 193:
|*
|-
|[[Anauros (mythology)|Anauros]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
Line 200 ⟶ 205:
|
|-
|[[Anigros (mythology)|Anigros]]
|✓
|
|
Line 212 ⟶ 217:
|*
|-
|[[Apidanus]]
|✓
|
|✓
|
|
Line 229 ⟶ 234:
|
|
|✓
|
|
Line 236 ⟶ 241:
|
|-
|[[Aras (river)|Araxes]]
|''River named after''
|
|
|
|✓
|
|
Line 248 ⟶ 253:
|son of Pylus
|-
|[[Ardescus]]
|✓
|✓
|
|
Line 258 ⟶ 263:
|
|Thrace
|✓
|-
|[[Arnos (mythology)|Arnos]]
|✓
|
|
Line 273 ⟶ 278:
|-
|[[Ascanius (disambiguation)|Ascanius]]
|✓
|
|
|
|
|✓
|
|''Antoninus''
Line 285 ⟶ 290:
|-
|[[Asopus]]
|✓
|
|
|✓
|
|
|✓
|
|Boeotia and Argos
|
|-
|[[Asterion (god)|Asterion]]
|✓
|
|
Line 303 ⟶ 308:
|
|
|✓
|
|Argos
|*
|-
|[[Axenus (mythology)|Axenus]] or [[Axius (mythology)|Axius]]
|✓
|
|
|
|
|✓
|
|
|Paeonia and Macedonia
|✓
|-
|[[Baphyras]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
Line 333 ⟶ 338:
|-
|[[Borysthenes]]
|✓
|
|
Line 345 ⟶ 350:
|-
|[[Brychon]]
|✓
|
|
Line 357 ⟶ 362:
|-
|[[Caanthus]]
|✓
|
|
Line 363 ⟶ 368:
|
|
|✓
|
|
|✓
|-
|[[Caicinus (mythology)|Caicinus]]
|✓
|
|
Line 375 ⟶ 380:
|
|
|✓
|
|Bruttium
Line 381 ⟶ 386:
|-
|[[Caicus]]
|✓
|✓
|
|
|✓
|
|
|
|Teuthrania, Mysia
|✓
|-
|[[Cayster]]
|✓
|
|
Line 399 ⟶ 404:
|
|
|✓
|
|Lydia
Line 405 ⟶ 410:
|-
|[[Cebren]]
|✓
|
|✓
|✓
|
|
Line 417 ⟶ 422:
|-
|[[Cephissus (mythology)|Cephissus]]
|✓
|
|✓
|✓
|
|✓
|✓
|
|Phocis, Attica, Argos
|✓
|-
|[[Chremetes]]
|✓
|
|
Line 440 ⟶ 445:
|*
|-
|[[Cladeus]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
Line 446 ⟶ 451:
|
|
|✓
|
|
Line 465 ⟶ 470:
|-
|[[Cocytus]]
|✓
|
|
Line 476 ⟶ 481:
|*
|-
|[[Cratais (mythology)|Cratais]]
|
|
|
|
|
|✓
|
|
Line 489 ⟶ 494:
|-
|[[Crinisus]]
|✓
|
|
|
|
|✓
|
|''Virgil, Lycophron, Servius, Aelian''
|Sicily
|*
|-
|[[Cydnos]]
|✓
|
|
Line 512 ⟶ 517:
|*
|-
|[[Cytheros]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
Line 519 ⟶ 524:
|
|
|✓
|
|Elis
|*
|-
|[[Elisson (mythology)|Elisson]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
Line 537 ⟶ 542:
|-
|[[Enipeus (mythology)|Enipeus]]
|✓
|
|✓
|✓
|
|
Line 548 ⟶ 553:
|*
|-
|[[Erasinus (mythology)|Erasinus]]
|✓
|
|
Line 555 ⟶ 560:
|
|
|✓
|
|Argos
|*
|-
|[[
|✓
|✓
|
|
|
|✓
|
|
|Attica
|✓
|-
|[[Eridanos (river of Hades)|Eridanus]]
|✓
|✓
|
|
Line 569 ⟶ 585:
|
|
|''Virgil, Nonnus''
|Hyperborea,
|✓
|-
|[[Erymanthus (person)|Erymanthus]]
|✓
|
|
Line 579 ⟶ 596:
|
|
|✓
|''Aelian''
|Attica
Line 585 ⟶ 602:
|-
|[[Euphrates]]
|✓
|
|
|
|✓
|✓
|
|
|Assyria
|✓
|-
|[[Eurotas]]
|''
|
|
|✓
|✓
|
|✓
|
|Laconia
|son of [[Lelex]] and [[Cleocharia]]
|-
| rowspan="2" |✓
|✓
|
| rowspan="2" |
| rowspan="2" |
|
|
|
| rowspan="2" |Aetolia
| rowspan="2" |
|-
|[[Lycormas]]
|
|
Line 628 ⟶ 645:
|-
|[[Ganges]]
|✓
|
|✓
|
|✓
|
|
Line 639 ⟶ 656:
|*
|-
|[[Granicus River|Granicus]]
|✓
|✓
|✓
|
|
Line 649 ⟶ 666:
|
|Troad
|✓
|-
|[[Haliacmon]]
|✓
|✓
|
|
Line 661 ⟶ 678:
|
|Macedonia
|✓
|-
|[[Halys (mythology)|Halys]]
|✓
|
|
Line 676 ⟶ 693:
|-
|[[Maritsa|Hebrus]]
|✓
|
|
|
|✓
|
|
Line 687 ⟶ 704:
|*
|-
|[[Heptaporus]]
|✓
|✓
|
|
Line 697 ⟶ 714:
|
|Troad
|✓
|-
|[[Hermus]]
|✓
|✓
|
|
Line 712 ⟶ 729:
|-
|[[Hydaspes]]
|✓
|
|
|
|✓
|
|
|''Nonnus''
|India
|
|-
|[[Ilissos]]
|✓
|
|
Line 735 ⟶ 752:
|*
|-
|[[Imbrasos]]
|✓
|
|
Line 748 ⟶ 765:
|-
|[[Inachus]]
|✓
|
|
|✓
|✓
|✓
|✓
|
|Argos
|✓
|-
|[[Indus]]
|✓
|
|
|
|✓
|✓
|
|
|India or Caria
|✓
|-
|[[Inopos]]
|✓
|
|
Line 784 ⟶ 801:
|-
|[[Ismenus]]
|✓
|
|
|
|✓
|✓
|
|
|Boeotia
|✓
|-
|[[Istrus (mythology)|Istrus]] or Ister
|✓
|✓
|
|
Line 805 ⟶ 822:
|
|Scythia
|✓
|-
|[[Ladon River|Ladon]]
|✓
|✓
|
|✓
|
|
|✓
|
|Arcadia
|✓
|-
|[[Lamus (mythology)|Lamos]]
|✓
|
|
Line 829 ⟶ 846:
|''Nonnus''
|Cilicia or Boeotia
|✓
|-
|[[Marsyas]]
|''River named after''
|
|
|
|✓
|
|
Line 844 ⟶ 861:
|-
|[[Meander (mythology)|Maeander]]
|✓
|✓
|✓
|
|✓
|✓
|✓
|
|Caria
|✓
|-
|[[Meles (mythology)|Meles]]
|✓
|
|
Line 867 ⟶ 884:
|*
|-
|[[Mincius (mythology)|Mincius]]
|✓
|
|
Line 879 ⟶ 896:
|*
|-
|[[Nestos (river)|Nestos]] or [[Nessus (Greek myth)|Nessus]]
|✓
|✓
|
|
Line 889 ⟶ 906:
|
|Bistonia, Thrace
|✓
|-
|[[Nilus (mythology)|Nilus]]
|✓
|✓
|
|✓
|✓
|✓
|
|
|Egypt
|✓
|-
|[[Numicius]]
|✓
|
|✓
|
|
Line 915 ⟶ 932:
|*
|-
|[[Nymphaeus]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
Line 927 ⟶ 944:
|
|-
|[[Orontes (mythology)|Orontes]]
|✓
|
|
|
|
|✓
|
|
|Syria
|✓
|-
|[[Pactolus]]
|✓
|
|
|
|✓
|
|
Line 951 ⟶ 968:
|*
|-
|[[Parthenius (mythology)|Parthenius]]
|✓
|✓
|
|
Line 961 ⟶ 978:
|
|Paphlagonia
|✓
|-
|[[Phasis (mythology)|Phasis]]
|✓
|✓
|
|
|✓
|
|
|
|Colchis
|✓
|-
|[[Phlegethon]] or Pyriphlegethon
|✓
|
|
Line 988 ⟶ 1,005:
|-
|[[Phyllis (river god)|Phyllis]]
|✓
|
|
Line 1,000 ⟶ 1,017:
|-
|[[Peneus]]
|✓
|✓
|✓
|
|
|
|✓
|
|Thessaly
|✓
|-
|[[Pleistos (mythology)|Pleistos]]
|✓
|
|
Line 1,023 ⟶ 1,040:
|*
|-
|[[Porpax (mythology)|Porpax]]
|✓
|
|
Line 1,032 ⟶ 1,048:
|
|
|''Aelian''
|Sicily
|*
|-
|[[Rhesus (mythology)|Rhesus]]
|✓
|✓
|
|
Line 1,044 ⟶ 1,061:
|
|
|'''Rhesus''' ([[Ancient Greek]]: Ῥῆσος / ''Rhẽsos'', [[Latin]]; ''Rhesus'') was a river in [[Bithynia]],<ref>{{Cite book |chapter=Rhesus |chapter-url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=rhesus-bio-1 |title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
|author=William Smith |author2=William Wayte |author3=G. E. Marindin |location=Albemarle Street, London |publisher=John Murray | year=1890| access-date=2023-01-23 |via=[[www.perseus.tufts.edu]]}}</ref> [[Troad]], Anatolia (modern-day [[Hisarlik]], [[Çanakkale Province|Çanakkale]], [[Turkey]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Homer |title=The Iliad of Homer |date=2011 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |others=Richmond Lattimore, Richard P. Martin |isbn=978-0-226-47048-1 |location=Chicago |chapter=12 |oclc=704121276 |quote=[After the Greeks had departed from Troy :] Poseidon and Apollon took counsel to wreck the wall [of the Greeks], letting loose the strength of rivers upon it, all the rivers that run to the sea from the mountains of Ida, Rhesos (Rhesus) and Heptaporos, Karesos (Caresus) and Rhodios, Grenikos (Granicus) and Aisepos (Aesepus), and immortal Skamandros (Scamander) and Simoeis (. . .).}}</ref> Per the ''[[Barrington Atlas]]'', the Rhesus is likely Karaath Çay, a tributary of the [[Biga Çayı]] (known to antiquity as the Granicus).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Huxley |first=George |date=2002 |title=Review of Parthenius of Nicaea. The poetical fragments and the ᾽Ερωτικὰ Παθήματα |journal=Hermathena |issue=172 |pages=110–117 |jstor=23041295 |issn=0018-0750}}</ref> The Rhesus is alternately called the '''Rhedas''', and was said to flow into the "[[Thracians|Thracian]] [[Bosporus|Bosphorus]] at [[Chalcedon]]."<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AhBTAEKpfNMC&dq=rhesus+river+god&pg=PA681 |title=A Classical Manual: Being a Mythological, Historical, and Geographical Commentary on Pope's Homer and Dryden's Aeneid of Virgil |date=1833 |publisher=J. Murray |location=London |page=216 |language=en |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>
|✓
|-
|[[Rhine]]
|✓
|
|
Line 1,056 ⟶ 1,074:
|
|''Nonnus''
|[[Switzerland]]/[[Germany]]/[[France]]/[[Netherlands]]
|*
|-
|[[Rhodius (mythology)|Rhodius]]
|✓
|✓
|
|
Line 1,069 ⟶ 1,087:
|
|Troad
|✓
|-
|[[Rhyndacus]]
|✓
|
|
Line 1,084 ⟶ 1,102:
|-
|[[Sangarius (mythology)|Sangarius]] or Sagaris
|✓
|✓
|
|✓
|✓
|
|
|
|Phrygia
|✓
|-
|[[Satnioeis]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
Line 1,108 ⟶ 1,126:
|-
|[[Scamander]]
|✓
|✓
|
|✓
|✓
|✓
|
|
|Troad
|✓
|-
|[[Selemnus (mythology)|Selemnus]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
Line 1,126 ⟶ 1,144:
|
|
|✓
|
|Achaea
Line 1,132 ⟶ 1,150:
|-
|[[Simoeis]]
|✓
|✓
|
|✓
|
|✓
|
|✓
|Troad
|✓
|-
|[[Spercheios|Spercheus]]
|✓
|
|
|✓
|
|
Line 1,156 ⟶ 1,174:
|-
|[[Strymon (mythology)|Strymon]]
|✓
|✓
|
|✓
|✓
|✓
|
|
|Edonia, Thrace
|✓
|-
|[[Symaethus]]
|✓
|
|✓
|
|
Line 1,180 ⟶ 1,198:
|-
|[[Tanais]]
|✓
|
|
|
|✓
|✓
|
|
|Scythia
|✓
|-
|[[Telmessus (mythology)|Telmessus]]
|✓
|
|
|
|
|
|
|''Aelian''
|Sicily
|*
|-
|[[Termessus]]
|✓
|
|
Line 1,198 ⟶ 1,228:
|
|
|✓
|
|Boeotia
Line 1,204 ⟶ 1,234:
|-
|[[Thermodon]]
|✓
|
|
|
|✓
|✓
|
|
|Pontos and Assyria
|✓
|-
|[[Tiberinus (god)|Tiberinus]]
|✓
|
|
Line 1,228 ⟶ 1,258:
|-
|[[Tigris]]
|✓
|
|
|
|✓
|✓
|
|
|Assyria
|✓
|-
|Titaressus<ref>Homer,Iliad</ref>
|?
|
|
Line 1,251 ⟶ 1,281:
|
|-
!89
!26
!18
!17
!26
!22
!18
!
!
!40 (+50*)
|}
==See also==
* [[List of Oceanids]]
* [[Kawa-no-Kami]] - the god of River in Japanese mythology.
* [[Hebo]] - the god of the Yellow River.
==Notes==
Line 1,272 ⟶ 1,303:
==References==
* [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], ''Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes.'' Cambridge,
* [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'', in ''The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White'', Cambridge,
* [[Homer]], ''The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes''. Cambridge,
* [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus, Gaius Julius]], ''[[De astronomica|Astronomica]]'', in ''The Myths of Hyginus'', edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960.
* [[William Smith (lexicographer)|Smith, William]]; ''[[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology]]'', London (1873).
* [[H. J. Rose|Rose, Herbert J. ]]; ''Gods and heroes of the Greeks'', London (1957).
==External links==
* [http://www.theoi.com/Potamos/Potamoi.html "Potamoi"] at Theoi.com
{{Greek religion}}
{{Greek mythology (deities)}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Potamoi| ]]
[[Category:Deities in classical mythology]]
[[Category:Sea and river gods]]
[[ru:Древнегреческие речные боги]]
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