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{{Short description|River gods in Greek mythology}}
{{other uses}}
{{Greek myth (aquatic nymphs)}}
[[File:Бог реки Нил коптская ткань IV В.jpg|thumb|[[Nilus (mythology)|Nilus]], the ''potamos'' of the [[Nile River]], depicted in a [[Copts|Coptic]] tapestry]]
The '''''Potamoi''''' ({{
==Mythology==
The river gods were the 3000 sons of the great earth-encircling river [[Oceanus]] and his wife [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]] and the brothers of the [[Oceanid]]s.<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [
Notable river gods include:
* [[Achelous]], the god of the [[Achelous River]], the largest river in Greece, who gave his daughter in marriage to [[Alcmaeon (mythology)|Alcmaeon]],<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:3.7.5 3.7.5].</ref> and was defeated by [[Heracles]] in a wrestling contest for the right to marry [[Deianira]].<ref>[[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.8.1 1.8.1], [http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:2.7.5 2.7.5].</ref>
* [[Alpheus (deity)|Alpheus]], who fell in love with the [[nymph]] [[Arethusa (mythology)|Arethusa]], pursuing her to [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]], where she was transformed into a spring by [[Artemis]].<ref>Smith, [
* [[Asopus]], father of many naiads. His daughter [[Aegina]] was carried off to the island Aegina by Zeus. Another daughter, [[Sinope (mythology)|Sinope]], tricked three amorous gods into leaving her virginity intact.
* [[Inachus]], the first king of Argos and progenitor of the Argive line through his son Argus.
* [[Nilus (mythology)|Nilus]], Egyptian river god and the father of numerous daughters * [[Peneus]], river god of Thessaly flowing from the foot of Pindus. He was the father of [[Daphne]] and [[Stilbe]], love interests of the god Apollo.
* [[Scamander]], who fought on the side of the [[Troy|Trojans]] during the [[Trojan War]], and
Ancient Greek poet [[Hesiod]] mentioned several river gods by name, along with their origin story, in ''[[Theogony|Theogonia]]<ref>θεογονία. [[Henry Liddell|Liddell, Henry George]]; [[Robert Scott (philologist)|Scott, Robert]]; ''[[A Greek–English Lexicon]]'' at the [[Perseus Project]]</ref>'' ("the birth of the gods"):<blockquote>And Tethys bare to Ocean eddying rivers, Nilus, and Alpheus, and deep-swirling Eridanus, Strymon, and Meander, and the fair stream of Ister, and Phasis, and Rhesus, and the silver eddies of Achelous, Nessus, and Rhodius, Haliacmon, and Heptaporus, Granicus, and Aesepus, and holy Simois, and Peneus, and Hermus, and Caicus fair stream, and great Sangarius, Ladon, Parthenius, Euenus, Ardescus, and divine Scamander. — ''Theogony,'' Hesiod. Translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White (1914)<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/hesiod/theogony.htm |title=The Theogony |year=1914 |isbn=978-1-4209-0525-0 |language=en |translator-last=Evelyn-White |translator-first=Hugh G. |oclc=1289856352}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hesiod |url=https://www.theoi.com/Text/HesiodTheogony.html |title=Hesiod, Homeric Hymns, Epic Cycle, Homerica. |publisher=William Heinemann |others=H G. Loeb Classical Library |year=1914 |volume=57 |location=London}}</ref></blockquote>
==List of Potamoi==
The following are the sons of Oceanus and Tethys:''<ref>[[
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+▼
! rowspan="2" |Name of
! rowspan="2" |River god
! colspan="7" |Sources
Line 37 ⟶ 40:
|✓
|✓
▲|
|✓
|▼
|✓
|✓
|✓
|✓
|''Homer, Sophocles, Euripides, Callimachus, Apollonius Rhodius, Diodorus Siculus, Statius, Hyginus, Plato, Aristotle''
|Aetolia
|✓
Line 58 ⟶ 61:
|''*presumably''
|-
|[[Acis and Galatea|Acis]]
|''Changed into a river''
|
Line 70 ⟶ 73:
|son of Pan and nymph Symaethis
|-
|[[Acragas (mythology)|Acragas]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
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|
|-
|[[Aeas]]
|✓
|
Line 94 ⟶ 97:
|''*''
|-
|[[Aegaeus (mythology)|Aegaeus]]
|✓
|
Line 106 ⟶ 109:
|*
|-
|[[Aesar (mythology)|Aesar]]
|✓
|
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|✓
|-
|[[Amnisos (mythology)|Amnisos]]
|✓
|
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|
|
|''Apollonius, Callimachus''
|Crete
|*
Line 179 ⟶ 181:
|*
|-
|[[
|✓
|
Line 191 ⟶ 193:
|*
|-
|[[Anauros (mythology)|Anauros]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
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|
|-
|[[Anigros (mythology)|Anigros]]
|✓
|
Line 215 ⟶ 217:
|*
|-
|[[Apidanus]]
|✓
|
Line 239 ⟶ 241:
|
|-
|[[Aras (river)|Araxes]]
|''River named after''
|
Line 251 ⟶ 253:
|son of Pylus
|-
|[[Ardescus]]
|✓
|✓
Line 263 ⟶ 265:
|✓
|-
|[[Arnos (mythology)|Arnos]]
|✓
|
Line 297 ⟶ 299:
|
|Boeotia and Argos
|✓; some accounts, son of Zeus and Eurynome or Poseidon and either [[Pero (mythology)|Pero]] or [[Celusa]]
|-
|[[Asterion (god)|Asterion]]
Line 311 ⟶ 313:
|*
|-
|[[Axenus (mythology)|Axenus]] or [[Axius (mythology)|Axius]]
|✓
|
Line 323 ⟶ 325:
|✓
|-
|[[Baphyras]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
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|✓
|-
|[[Caicinus (mythology)|Caicinus]]
|✓
|
Line 431 ⟶ 433:
|✓
|-
|[[Chremetes]]
|✓
|
Line 443 ⟶ 445:
|*
|-
|[[Cladeus]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
Line 479 ⟶ 481:
|*
|-
|[[Cratais (mythology)|Cratais]]
|✓{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
Line 497 ⟶ 499:
|
|
|✓
|
|''Virgil, Lycophron, Servius, Aelian''▼
|▼
▲|''Virgil, Lycophron''
|Sicily
|*
|-
|[[Cydnos]]
|✓
|
Line 515 ⟶ 517:
|*
|-
|[[Cytheros]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
Line 527 ⟶ 529:
|*
|-
|[[Elisson (mythology)|Elisson]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
Line 551 ⟶ 553:
|*
|-
|[[Erasinus (mythology)|Erasinus]]
|✓
|
Line 563 ⟶ 565:
|*
|-
|[[
|✓
|✓
|
▲|
▲|
|✓
|▼
|
|Attica
|✓
|-
|[[Eridanos (river of Hades)|Eridanus]]
|✓
|✓
|
|
Line 572 ⟶ 585:
|
|
|''Virgil, Nonnus''
|Hyperborea,
|✓
|-
Line 609 ⟶ 623:
|
|Laconia
|son of [[Lelex]] and [[Cleocharia]]
|-
|[[Evenus (mythology)|Evenus]] or
Line 623 ⟶ 637:
| rowspan="2" |✓ ; some accounts, a mortal son of Ares and either Demodice or Stratonice who flung himself to the river Lycormas
|-
|[[Lycormas]]
|
|
Line 642 ⟶ 656:
|*
|-
|[[Granicus River|Granicus]]
|✓
|✓
Line 666 ⟶ 680:
|✓
|-
|[[Halys (mythology)|Halys]]
|✓
|
Line 690 ⟶ 704:
|*
|-
|[[Heptaporus]]
|✓
|✓
Line 724 ⟶ 738:
|''Nonnus''
|India
|✓; son of [[Thaumas]] and [[Electra (Oceanid)|Electra]]
|-
|[[Ilissos]]
Line 738 ⟶ 752:
|*
|-
|[[Imbrasos]]
|✓
|
Line 774 ⟶ 788:
|✓
|-
|[[Inopos]]
|✓
|
Line 798 ⟶ 812:
|✓
|-
|[[Istrus (mythology)|Istrus]] or Ister
|✓
|✓
Line 822 ⟶ 836:
|✓
|-
|[[Lamus (mythology)|Lamos]]
|✓
|
Line 834 ⟶ 848:
|✓
|-
|[[Marsyas]]
|''River named after''
|
Line 858 ⟶ 872:
|✓
|-
|[[Meles (mythology)|Meles]]
|✓
|
Line 870 ⟶ 884:
|*
|-
|[[Mincius (mythology)|Mincius]]
|✓
|
Line 882 ⟶ 896:
|*
|-
|[[Nestos (river)|Nestos]] or [[Nessus (Greek myth)|Nessus]]
|✓
|✓
Line 894 ⟶ 908:
|✓
|-
|[[Nilus (mythology)|Nilus]]
|✓
|✓
Line 918 ⟶ 932:
|*
|-
|[[Nymphaeus]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
Line 930 ⟶ 944:
|
|-
|[[Orontes (mythology)|Orontes]]
|✓
|
Line 954 ⟶ 968:
|*
|-
|[[Parthenius (mythology)|Parthenius]]
|✓
|✓
Line 966 ⟶ 980:
|✓
|-
|[[Phasis (mythology)|Phasis]]
|✓
|✓
Line 1,014 ⟶ 1,028:
|✓
|-
|[[Pleistos (mythology)|Pleistos]]
|✓
|
Line 1,026 ⟶ 1,040:
|*
|-
|[[Porpax (mythology)|Porpax]]
|✓
▲|
|
|
Line 1,035 ⟶ 1,048:
|
|
|''Aelian''
|Sicily
|*
|-
|[[Rhesus (mythology)|Rhesus]]
|✓
|✓
Line 1,047 ⟶ 1,061:
|
|
|'''Rhesus''' ([[Ancient Greek]]: Ῥῆσος / ''Rhẽsos'', [[Latin]]; ''Rhesus'') was a river in [[Bithynia]],<ref>{{Cite book |chapter=Rhesus |chapter-url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0104:entry=rhesus-bio-1 |title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities
|author=William Smith |author2=William Wayte |author3=G. E. Marindin |location=Albemarle Street, London |publisher=John Murray | year=1890| access-date=2023-01-23 |via=[[www.perseus.tufts.edu]]}}</ref> [[Troad]], Anatolia (modern-day [[Hisarlik]], [[Çanakkale Province|Çanakkale]], [[Turkey]]).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Homer |title=The Iliad of Homer |date=2011 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |others=Richmond Lattimore, Richard P. Martin |isbn=978-0-226-47048-1 |location=Chicago |chapter=12 |oclc=704121276 |quote=[After the Greeks had departed from Troy :] Poseidon and Apollon took counsel to wreck the wall [of the Greeks], letting loose the strength of rivers upon it, all the rivers that run to the sea from the mountains of Ida, Rhesos (Rhesus) and Heptaporos, Karesos (Caresus) and Rhodios, Grenikos (Granicus) and Aisepos (Aesepus), and immortal Skamandros (Scamander) and Simoeis (. . .).}}</ref> Per the ''[[Barrington Atlas]]'', the Rhesus is likely Karaath Çay, a tributary of the [[Biga Çayı]] (known to antiquity as the Granicus).<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Huxley |first=George |date=2002 |title=Review of Parthenius of Nicaea. The poetical fragments and the ᾽Ερωτικὰ Παθήματα |journal=Hermathena |issue=172 |pages=110–117 |jstor=23041295 |issn=0018-0750}}</ref> The Rhesus is alternately called the '''Rhedas''', and was said to flow into the "[[Thracians|Thracian]] [[Bosporus|Bosphorus]] at [[Chalcedon]]."<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AhBTAEKpfNMC&dq=rhesus+river+god&pg=PA681 |title=A Classical Manual: Being a Mythological, Historical, and Geographical Commentary on Pope's Homer and Dryden's Aeneid of Virgil |date=1833 |publisher=J. Murray |location=London |page=216 |language=en |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref>
|✓
|-
Line 1,059 ⟶ 1,074:
|
|''Nonnus''
|[[Switzerland]]/[[Germany]]/[[France]]/[[Netherlands]]
|*
|-
|[[Rhodius (mythology)|Rhodius]]
|✓
|✓
Line 1,098 ⟶ 1,113:
|✓
|-
|[[Satnioeis]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
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|✓
|-
|[[Selemnus (mythology)|Selemnus]]
|?{{Citation needed|date=April 2017}}
|
Line 1,146 ⟶ 1,161:
|✓
|-
|[[Spercheios|Spercheus]]
|✓
|
Line 1,170 ⟶ 1,185:
|✓
|-
|[[Symaethus]]
|✓
|
Line 1,193 ⟶ 1,208:
|Scythia
|✓
|-
|[[Telmessus (mythology)|Telmessus]]
|✓
|
|
|
|
|
|
|''Aelian''
|Sicily
|*
|-
|[[Termessus]]
Line 1,242 ⟶ 1,269:
|✓
|-
|Titaressus<ref>Homer,Iliad</ref>
|?
|
|
Line 1,254 ⟶ 1,281:
|
|-
!
!89
!
!18
!17
!26
!22
!18
!
!
!40 (+50*)
|}
==See also==
* [[List of Oceanids]]
* [[Kawa-no-Kami]] - the god of River in Japanese mythology.
* [[Hebo]] - the god of the Yellow River.
==Notes==
Line 1,275 ⟶ 1,303:
==References==
* [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], ''Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes.'' Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. [
* [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'', in ''The Homeric Hymns and Homerica with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White'', Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. [
* [[Homer]], ''The Iliad with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes''. Cambridge, Massachusetts., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. [
* [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus, Gaius Julius]], ''[[De astronomica|Astronomica]]'', in ''The Myths of Hyginus'', edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960.
* [[William Smith (lexicographer)|Smith, William]]; ''[[Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology]]'', London (1873).
* [[H. J. Rose|Rose, Herbert J. ]]; ''Gods and heroes of the Greeks'', London (1957).
==External links==
* [http://www.theoi.com/Potamos/Potamoi.html "Potamoi"] at Theoi.com
{{Greek religion}}
{{Greek mythology (deities)}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Potamoi| ]]
[[Category:Deities in classical mythology]]
[[Category:Sea and river gods]]
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