Content deleted Content added
Ira Leviton (talk | contribs) m Fixed a typo found with Wikipedia:Typo_Team/moss. |
m Added links Tags: Mobile edit Mobile app edit iOS app edit App section source |
||
| (23 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown) | |||
Line 4:
{{More citations needed|date=August 2020}}
[[File:Stunt Pyrotechnics Luc Viatour.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Pyrotechnics]] stunt exhibition by "Giant Auto Rodéo", [[Ciney]], Belgium]]
A '''stunt''' is an unusual
==Types of stunt effects==
===Practical effects===
One of the most-frequently used practical stunts is [[stage combat]]. Although contact is normally avoided, many elements of stage combat, such as [[sword fighting]], [[martial arts]], and [[acrobatics]] required contact between performers in order to facilitate the creation of a particular effect, such as noise or physical interaction. Stunt performances are highly choreographed and may be rigorously rehearsed for hours, days and sometimes weeks before a performance. Seasoned professionals will commonly treat a performance as if they have never done it before,{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}} since the risks in stunt work are high, every move and position must be correct to reduce risk of injury from accidents. Examples of practical effects include tripping and falling down, high jumps, [[Extreme sport|extreme sporting]] moves, acrobatics and high diving, [[Hk spin|spin]]s, gainer falls, "suicide backflips," and other [[martial arts]] stunts.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}} Stunt airbags (or "stunt mats"), large deep airbags that may be the size of a small swimming pool, are typically used by professional stunt performers to cushion their landings from staged falls from heights.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}}
[[File:Stunt 1298471366.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Freestyle & Stunt Show 2007 in [[Landrévarzec]], France]]
Line 26:
{{See|Hong Kong action cinema}}
In 1982, [[Jackie Chan]] began experimenting with elaborate stunt action sequences in ''[[Dragon Lord]]'',<ref>{{cite web|title=Dragon Lord|publisher=Love HK Film|url=http://www.lovehkfilm.com/reviews_2/dragon_lord.htm|access-date=2011-04-14}}</ref> which featured a pyramid fight scene that holds the record for the most [[take]]s required for a single scene, with 2900 takes,<ref name="Amazon">{{cite web|title=Dragon Lord (DVD Description)|website=Amazon UK |date=25 August 2003|url=https://www.amazon.co.uk/Dragon-Lord-DVD-Jackie-Chan/dp/B0000A5BRV|access-date=2011-04-12}}</ref> and the final fight scene where he performs various stunts, including one where he does a back flip off a [[loft]] and falls to the lower ground.<ref>{{cite
''[[Police Story (1985 film)|Police Story]]'' (1985) contained many large-scale action scenes, including an opening sequence featuring a [[car chase]] through a [[shanty town]], Chan stopping a [[double-decker bus]] with his service revolver and a climactic fight scene in a shopping mall. This final scene earned the film the nickname "Glass Story" by the crew, due to the huge number of panes of [[sugar glass]] that were broken. During a stunt in this last scene, in which Chan slides down a pole from several stories up, the lights covering the pole had heated it considerably, resulting in Chan suffering [[Burn#Classification by degree|second-degree burns]], particularly to his hands, as well as a back injury and dislocation of his pelvis upon landing.<ref name="I Am Jackie Chan">{{cite web|url=http://www.randomhouse.com/features/iamjackiechan/excerpt_aches.html|title=Jackie's Aches and Pains: It Only Hurts When I'm Not Laughing|author=Jackie Chan|author-link=Jackie Chan|publisher=[[Random House]]|access-date=19 December 2012}}</ref> Chan performed similarly elaborate stunts in numerous other films, such as several ''[[Police Story (film series)|Police Story]]'' sequels, ''[[Project A Part II]]'', the ''[[Armour of God (film)|Armor of God]]'' series, ''[[Dragons Forever]]'', ''[[Drunken Master II]]'', and ''[[Rumble in the Bronx]]''
[[File:Morcycle jumping at a country fair (England) arp.jpg|thumb|Two motorbikes jump a car at a country fair, England]]
Other [[Hong Kong action cinema|Hong Kong action movie]] stars who became known for performing elaborate stunts include Chan's [[Peking Opera School]] friends [[Sammo Hung]] and [[Yuen Biao]], as well as "[[girls with guns]]" stars such as [[Michelle Yeoh]] and [[Moon Lee (Hong Kong actress)|Moon Lee]]. Other [[Asian cinema]] stars also known for performing elaborate stunts
==Stunts that have gone wrong==
{{main|List of film and television accidents}}
==Recognition of stunt performers==
Films such as ''[[Hooper (film)|Hooper]]'' and ''[[The Stunt Man]]'' and the 1980s television show ''[[The Fall Guy]]'' sought to raise the profile of the stunt performer and debunk the myth that film stars perform all their own stunts. Noted stunt coordinators [[Hal Needham]], [[Craig R. Baxley]], and [[Vic Armstrong]] went on to direct the action films ''[[The Cannonball Run]]'', ''[[Action Jackson (1988 film)|Action Jackson]]'', and ''[[Joshua Tree (1993 film)|Joshua Tree]]''. [[Vic Armstrong]] became the first stuntman to win both an [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]] (for developing a descender rig as a safe alternative to airbags) and a [[BAFTA]] award (for lifetime achievement in film). But the status of stuntmen in Hollywood is still low;<ref name="Brennan" /> despite the fact that few films of any genre or type could be made without them, stunt performers are still perceived as working mainly in action films.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sengupta |first1=Deepayan |title=Movie Stunts: Not Just For Action Films |url=https://birthmoviesdeath.com/2019/06/25/movie-stunts-not-just-for-action-films |website=Birth.Movies.Death. |date=25 June 2019}}</ref> Repeated campaigns for a "Best Stunts" Academy Award have been rejected.<ref>{{cite web |date=21 February 2013 |last=Price |first=Allan |title=Why do stuntmen not have an Oscar? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-21460202 |website=BBC News }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=2 April 2018 |last=Marotta |first=Jenna |title=Helen Mirren Wants Stunt Performers to Be Eligible for Oscars |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2018/04/helen-mirren-stunt-performers-oscars/ |website=[[IndieWire]] }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=26 February 2016 |author=Jonathan Handel |title=Stunt Community Rallies Outside Academy Building for Oscar Recognition |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/stunt-community-rallies-la-oscar-869342 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160226094425/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/stunt-community-rallies-la-oscar-869342 |archive-date=2016-02-26 |quote=The rally is part of a 25-year effort to create a category for stunt coordinators at the Academy Awards.}}</ref><ref name="Brennan">{{cite web |date=2014 |last=Brennan |first=Jude |title=Stunt Actors Remain Oscar's Forgotten Heroes |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/judebrennan/2014/02/07/stunt-actors-remain-oscars-forgotten-heroes/ |website=Forbes }}</ref>
In 2001, the first "[[Taurus World Stunt Awards|World Stunt Awards]]" were presented in [[Los Angeles]] by actor [[Alec Baldwin]]. The event had A-list stars presenting the statues to Hollywood's
==Equality in stunts==
In past Hollywood films it was common for men to double for women and [[White Americans|white American]] stunt performers to double for African American performers, in a practice known as "wigging".<ref name="Longwell" /> Veteran stunt man [[David Sharpe (actor)|Dave Sharpe]], a man of shorter than average height, often doubled for women in film serials of the 1930s and '40s. Veteran stunt performer [[Jeannie Epper]], who doubled for [[Lynda Carter]] in ''[[Wonder Woman (TV series)|Wonder Woman]]'', explained that the situation improved in the
==The future of
A backlash against dangerous stunts followed the fatal 42-foot backward fall of [[Sonja Davis]] off a building on the set of ''[[Vampire in Brooklyn]]''.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 February 1995 |author=Lisa Respers |title=Stuntwoman's Family Sues Over Fatal 42-Foot Fall on Set : Courts: Mother seeks $10 million, saying studio did not provide proper safety equipment. Defendants have made no comment. |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-02-12-me-31166-story.html |website=[[Los Angeles Times]]|quote=air bag that was to cushion Davis' fall instead reacted like a huge balloon, causing the young woman to bounce, slam into the building and hit the ground }}</ref> Despite speculation that developments in [[computer-generated imagery]] (CGI) would make stunts unnecessary and reduce stunt performers to the status of body doubles, stunt work has increasingly been made safer and enhanced by CGI effects;
==See also==
| |||