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{{Short description|Province of Turkey}}
{{Infobox settlementTurkey place
| type = metro province
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->| name = Trabzon Province
| native_name name = Trabzon ili<!-- if different from the English name -->
| other_name = Trabzon ili
| native_name_lang = tr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "tr" for Turkish. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| image_skyline = Sumela Showing Location.JPG
| settlement_type = [[Provinces of Turkey|Province of Turkey]]
| image_skylineimage_caption = [[Sumela = Monastery]]
| image_caption image_shield =
| image_flagimage_map = Trabzon in = Turkey.svg
| map_caption = Location of the province within Turkey
| image_seal = <!-- maps and coordinates ------>
| image_map coordinates = Trabzon in Turkey.svg
| mapsize seat = 300px[[Trabzon]]
| leader_name1 = Aziz Yıldırım
| map_caption = Location of Trabzon Province in Turkey
| leader_party = AKP
<!-- location ------------------>| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_nameleader_name = Ahmet Metin = [[Turkey]]Genç
| area_footnotes =
| subdivision_type1 = [[First-level NUTS of Turkey|Region]]
| area_total_km2 = 4628
| subdivision_name1 = [[East Black Sea Region (statistical)|East Black Sea]]
| elevation_m =
| subdivision_type2 = [[Second-level NUTS of Turkey|Subregion]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name=tuik/>
| subdivision_name2 = [[Trabzon Subregion|Trabzon]]
| population_total = 818023
| seat_type = Provincial seat and largest city
| seat population_as_of = 2022
| website = {{url|http://www.trabzon.bel.tr/}}<br>{{url|http://www.trabzon.gov.tr/}}
| seat1_type = Largest city
| seat1 area_code = <!-- coordinates -->0462
| coordinates = <!-- government type, leaders -->
| leader_title = [[Electoral districts of Turkey|Electoral district]]
| leader_name = [[Trabzon (electoral district)|Trabzon]]
| leader_title1 = Governor
| leader_name1 = İsmail Ustaoğlu
| total_type = Total
| area_total_km2 = 6,685
| population_footnotes = {{wikidata|reference|P1082|P585=2018}}
| population_total = {{wikidata|property|raw|P1082|P585=2018}}
| population_as_of = 2018
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_urban =
| population_urban_footnotes =
| population_rural =
| population_rural_footnotes =
| area_code_type = <!-- defaults to: Area code(s) -->
| area_code = 0462
| registration_plate = 61
| website =
| footnotes =
| official_name =
}}
[[File:Altindere Sumela.jpg|thumb|Altindere Sumela.]]
'''Trabzon Province''' ({{lang-tr|{{italics correction|Trabzon ili}}}}) is a [[Provinces of Turkey|province]] of [[Turkey]] on the [[Black Sea]] coast. Located in a strategically important region, Trabzon is one of the oldest [[trade]] [[port]] cities in [[Anatolia]]. Neighbouring provinces are [[Giresun Province|Giresun]] to the west, [[Gümüşhane Province|Gümüşhane]] to the southwest, [[Bayburt Province|Bayburt]] to the southeast and [[Rize Province|Rize]] to the east. The provincial capital is [[Trabzon]] city, and the [[Turkish car number plates#Location codes|traffic code]] is 61. The major ethnic groups are [[Turkish peoples|Turks]], but the province is also home to a minority of [[Muslim]] [[Pontic Greek]] speakers,<ref>[http://www.karalahana.com/english/omer_asan.htm Pontic Greek: Romeika of Trabzon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611151243/http://www.karalahana.com/english/omer_asan.htm |date=2008-06-11 }}</ref> though younger speakers are not always fluent in this language. İsmail Ustaoğlu was appointed the Governor of the province in October 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trabzon.gov.tr/ismail-ustaoglu|title=İsmail USTAOĞLU|website=www.trabzon.gov.tr|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref>
'''Trabzon Province''' ({{langx|tr|{{italics correction|Trabzon ili}}}}) is a [[Provinces of Turkey|province]] and [[Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey|metropolitan municipality]] of [[Turkey]] on the [[Black Sea]] coast. Its area is 4,628&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.harita.gov.tr/uploads/files-folder/il_ilce_alanlari.xlsx|title=İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri|publisher=General Directorate of Mapping|access-date=19 September 2023}}</ref> and its population is 818,023 (2022).<ref name=tuik/> Located in a strategically important region, Trabzon is one of the oldest [[trade]] [[port]] cities in [[Anatolia]]. Neighbouring provinces are [[Giresun Province|Giresun]] to the west, [[Gümüşhane Province|Gümüşhane]] to the southwest, [[Bayburt Province|Bayburt]] to the southeast and [[Rize Province|Rize]] to the east. Aziz Yıldırım was appointed Governor of the province in August 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trabzon.gov.tr/aziz-yildirim|title=Aziz Yıldırım|publisher=Trabzon Valiliği|access-date=24 October 2023}}</ref> The capital of the province is [[Trabzon]].
 
==Districts==
[[File:Trabzon location districts.png|320px|thumb|left]]
Trabzon province is divided into 18 [[Districts of Turkey|districts]]:
{{columns-list|colwidth=12em|
*'''[[Trabzon]]''' (Central district, after 2014 it will be named [[Ortahisar]])
* [[Akçaabat]]
{{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
* [[AkçaabatAraklı]]
* [[Arsin, Turkey|Arsin]]
*[[Araklı]]
* [[Beşikdüzü]]
*[[Arsin, Turkey|Arsin]]
* [[BeşikdüzüÇarşıbaşı]]
* [[ÇarşıbaşıÇaykara]]
* [[ÇaykaraDernekpazarı]]
* [[DernekpazarıDüzköy]]
* [[DüzköyHayrat]]
* [[Köprübaşı, Trabzon|Köprübaşı]]
*[[Hayrat]]
* [[Maçka]]
*[[Köprübaşı, Trabzon|Köprübaşı]]
* [[MaçkaOf, Turkey|Of]]
* [[Ortahisar]]
*[[Of (District), Trabzon|Of]]
* [[Şalpazarı]]
* [[Sürmene]]
* [[Tonya, Turkey|Tonya]]
* [[Vakfıkebir]]
* [[Yomra]]
}}
 
Districts along the 114&nbsp; km coastline (from west to east): [[Beşikdüzü]], [[Vakfıkebir]], [[Çarşıbaşı]], [[Akçaabat]], [[Ortahisar]], [[Yomra]], [[Arsin, Turkey|Arsin]], [[Araklı]], [[Sürmene]] and [[Of, Turkey|Of]].<ref>[http://www.karalahana.com/karadeniz/trabzon.htm Trabzon city] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111103214447/http://www.karalahana.com/karadeniz/trabzon.htm |date=2011-11-03 }}</ref><br>Districts inland: [[Tonya, Turkey|Tonya]], [[Düzköy]], [[Şalpazarı]], [[Maçka]], [[Köprübaşı, Trabzon|Köprübaşı]], [[Dernekpazarı]], [[Hayrat]] and [[Çaykara]].
 
Beşikdüzü and Şalpazarı gained district status in 1988, Çarşıbaşı, Düzköy, Köprübaşı, Dernekpazarı and Hayrat in 1990. The district Ortahisar was created from the former central district of Trabzon Province at the [[2013 Turkish local government reorganisation]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=İl İdaresi ve Mülki Bölümler Şube Müdürlüğü İstatistikleri - İl ve İlçe Kuruluş Tarihleri |url=https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/kurumlar/icisleri.gov.tr/IcSite/illeridaresi/İstatistiki%20Bilgiler/İl%20İdaresi%20ve%20Mülki%20Bölümler/il%20ilce%20kurulus%20tarihleri_2019.pdf |access-date=12 October 2023|page=80 |language=tr}}</ref><ref name=law6360>{{Cite web |title=Law No. 6360|url=https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/12/20121206-1.htm |date=6 December 2012 |work=[[Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey|Official Gazette]]|language=tr}}</ref>
Beşikdüzü and Şalpazarı gained district status in 1988, Çarşıbaşı, Düzköy, Köprübaşı, Dernekpazarı and Hayrat in 1990.
{{clear}}
 
==History==
[[File:Sumela ShowingFrom LocationAcross Valley.JPG|thumb|[[Sümela Monastery]] in the [[Pontic Mountains]], near [[Maçka]]]]
[[File:Trabzonhouse.jpg|thumb|A traditional rural Pontic house in Livera village, [[Maçka]] district]]
[[File:Uzungöl, Çaykara, Trabzon.JPG|thumb|[[Uzungöl]] village and lake in [[Çaykara]]]]
Line 81 ⟶ 62:
[[File:House in Çaykara.jpg|thumb|A traditional house in [[Çaykara]]]]
 
Remarkably attractive throughout its [[history]], [[Trabzon]] was the subject of hundreds of [[travel books]] by western [[tourism|traveller]]s, some of whom had named it "city of [[:wikt:tale|tale]] in the East." The capital city [[Trabzon]] was founded, as Trapezus, by Greek colonists from Sinope, modern [[Sinop, Turkey]]. Starting from the 9th century BC, the city had also been mentioned by historians such as [[Homeros]], [[Herodotus]], [[Hesiod]]os. The first written source regarding Trabzon is [[Anabasis (Xenophon)|Anabasis]], authored by [[Xenophon]].

An important [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] and [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] centre, it was the capital of the [[Empire of Trebizond]] from 1204 to 1461. Trabzon was subsequently made part of the [[Ottoman Empire]] by [[Mehmed II|Mehmet the Conqueror]]. It was initially a ''[[sanjak]]'' before gaining the status of ''[[eyalet]]'', and finally became a ''[[vilayet]]'' in 1868. After the region was conquered in 1461, the [[Fatih Mosque, Trabzon|Fatih Medrese]] (1462), [[Hatuniye Medrese]] (1515), [[İskender Pasha Mosque, Trabzon|İskender Pasha Medrese]] (1529) and [[Hamza Pasha Medrese]] (1543) were established as important [[madrasa|medreses]] (educational centers; some of them within [[külliye]] complexes) of the period.<ref>[http://www.karalahana.com/english/archive/trabzon.html Trabzon history] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612103626/http://www.karalahana.com/english/archive/trabzon.html |date=2008-06-12 }}</ref> It was initially a ''[[sanjak]]'' before gaining the status of ''[[eyalet]]'', and finally became a ''[[vilayet]]'' in 1868.
 
The province was a site of major fighting between Ottoman and [[Russian Empire|Russian]] forces during the [[Caucasus Campaign]] of [[World War I]], which resulted in the capture of the city of Trabzon by the Russian army under command of [[Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich of Russia (1856–1929)|Grand Duke Nicholas]] and [[Nikolai Nikolaevich Yudenich|Nikolai Yudenich]] in April 1916. The province was restored to Turkish control in early 1918 following Russia's exit from World War I with the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]].
 
=== In Turkey ===
In September 1935 the third [[Inspectorates-General (Turkey)|Inspectorate General]] (''Umumi Müfettişlik,'' UM) was created.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/20607|title=Üçüncü Umumi Müfettişliği'nin Kurulması ve III. Umumî Müfettiş Tahsin Uzer'in Bazı Önemli Faaliyetleri|last=|first=|date=|website=Dergipark|page=2|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref> Its creation was based on the Law 1164 from June 1927,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/20607|title=Üçüncü Umumi Müfettişliği'nin Kurulması ve III. Umumî Müfettiş Tahsin Uzer'in Bazı Önemli Faaliyetleri|last=Aydogan|first=Erdal|date=|website=|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref> which was passed in order to [[Turkification|Turkefy]] the population.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/867135/65687_13.pdf|title=Young Turk social engineering : mass violence and the nation state in eastern Turkey, 1913- 1950|last=Üngör|first=Umut|date=|website=University of Amsterdam|pages=244-247|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=244–247|access-date=8 April 2020}}</ref> The Trabzon province was included in this area. The third UM span over the provinces of [[Erzurum Province|Erzurum]], [[Artvin Province|Artvin]], [[Rize Province|Rize]], Trabzon, [[Kars Province|Kars]], [[Gümüşhane Province|Gümüşhane]], [[Erzincan Province|Erzincan]] and [[Ağrı Province|Ağrı]]. It was governed by an Inspector General seated in the city of [[Erzurum]].<ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite book|last=Bayir|first=Derya|title=Minorities and Nationalism in Turkish Law|date=2016-04-22|publisher=Routledge|year=|isbn=978-1-317-09579-8|location=|pages=139-141139–141|language=en}}</ref> The Inspectorate General was dissolved in 1952 during the Government of the [[Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–61)|Democrat Party]].<ref>{{Cite book|lastlast1=Fleet|firstfirst1=Kate|title=The Cambridge History of Turkey|last2=Kunt|first2=I. Metin|last3=Kasaba|first3=Reşat|last4=Faroqhi|first4=Suraiya|date=2008-04-17|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=|isbn=978-0-521-62096-3|location=|pages=343|language=en}}</ref>
 
=== Archaeology ===
In April 2021, archaeologists announced the discovery of [[Roman Empire|Roman]] and Byzantine period archeological remains in the [[Ortahisar]] district. The southern part of the wicker columns and fortifications of the Roman emperor [[Hadrian|Hadrian's]] period, trench walls of [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine period]] dating back to 1460 have been discovered. Remains of Roman tiles and pottery were also discovered during the excavations. According to the Trabzon City Municipality, the excavation area is planned to be turned into an [[open-air museum]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Şafak|first=Yeni|date=2021-04-10|title=Otopark projesi için yapılan kazı sırasında bulundu: Açık hava müzesi olacak|url=https://www.yenisafak.com/foto-galeri/hayat/otopark-projesi-icin-yapilan-kazi-sirasinda-bulundu-acik-hava-muzesi-olacak-2047563|access-date=2021-04-14|website=Yeni Şafak|language=tr-TR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=SAYKAL/TRABZON, (DHA)|first=Selay|title=Trabzon'da kazı çalışmaları sırasında bulundu! Müzeye dönüştürülecek|url=https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/trabzonda-kazi-calismalari-sirasinda-bulundu-muzeye-donusturulecek-41785074|access-date=2021-04-14|website=www.hurriyet.com.tr|language=tr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Trabzon'da kazı çalışmaları sırasında bulundu! Müzeye dönüştürülecek|url=https://www.msn.com/tr-tr/haber/gundem/trabzonda-kaz%C4%B1-%C3%A7al%C4%B1%C5%9Fmalar%C4%B1-s%C4%B1ras%C4%B1nda-bulundu-m%C3%BCzeye-d%C3%B6n%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BCr%C3%BClecek/ar-BB1fvyp5|access-date=2021-04-14|website=www.msn.com}}</ref>
 
==Attractions==
Line 103 ⟶ 89:
* [[Uzungöl|Lake Uzungöl]]
* [[Pontic Mountains]]
* Saint Michael Church, also known as 'Saint Joseph Kilisesi', [[Akçaabat]], Ortamahalle.
 
==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
*2000 - 979,081
|align = none
*1997 - 858,687
|percentages = pagr
*1990 - 795,849
|cols=2
*1985 - 786,194
|source = TÜIK (2007–2022)<ref name=tuik>{{cite web|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |title=Population Of SRE-1, SRE-2, Provinces and Districts|publisher=[[Turkish Statistical Institute|TÜIK]] |access-date=20 June 2023}}</ref>
*1980 - 731,045
|1927|290,303
*1975 - 719,008
|1935|360,679
*1970 - 659,120
|1940|390,733
*1965 - 595,782
|1945|395,733
*1960 - 532,999
|1950|420,279
*1955 - 462,249
|1955|462,249
*1950 - 420,279
|1960|532,999
*1945 - 395,733
|1965|595,782
*1940 - 390,733
|1970|659,120
*1935 - 360,679
|1975|719,008
*1927 - 290,303
|1980|731,045
|1985|786,194
|1990|795,849
|1997|858,687
|2000|979,081
|2007|740569
|2012|757898
|2017|786326
|2022|818023
}}
 
==See also==
* [[World Trade Center Trabzon]]
* [[Trabzon Museum]]
* [[Trabzon]]
* [[Chepni people|Chepni]]
* [[Pontic Greeks]]
* [[Kadirga Festival]]
* [[Araklı]]
 
== References ==
Line 139 ⟶ 134:
* [http://www.serander.net Culture of the Black Sea Region]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080517085324/http://www.karalahana.com/english/archive/guidetotrabzon1.html All about Trabzon]
* [http://www.trabzonemlak.com Trabzon Real Estate]
 
{{coord|40|46|50|N|39|48|44|E|region:TR-61_type:adm1st|display=title}}
Line 147 ⟶ 141:
{{Authority control}}
 
[[Category:Trabzon Province|* ]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabzon_Province"