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{{Short description|Landholder obliged to provide military services to an ispán in medieval Hungary}}
[[File:Hungary 11th cent.png|200px|thumb|right|alt=Map of the Kingdom of Hungary|The [[Kingdom of Hungary]] at the end of the 11th century]]
A '''castle warrior''' or '''castle serf''' ({{
==Origins==
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Although landholders were superior in status to [[Castle folk (Kingdom of Hungary)|castle folk]], royal legislation did not treat castle warriors as full-fledged freemen.<ref name='Rady_20'/><ref name='Zsoldos_715'>Zsoldos 1994, p. 715.</ref> For instance, a castle warrior who had departed from his lord was "regarded as a fugitive in the same way as a runaway serf" (Pál Engel).<ref name='Engel_71'/> Nevertheless, they had the right to appeal to the monarch against the ''ispán'' they were serving.<ref name='Engel_71'/><ref name='Curta_401'/> Moreover, they could not be deprived of the land they owned, which passed to their children upon death.<ref>Engel 2001, pp. 71-72.</ref> Castle warriors were also exempted from the "[[freemen's pennies
Castle warriors appointed by the ''ispáns'' held the chief offices of the castle districts.<ref name='Bán_237'/> Thus both the heads of the "hundreds" (the basic units of the administration of a district), and the officers of the military contingent of the castle were always chosen from among their number.<ref>Engel 2001, pp. 70-72.</ref> Likewise, the [[castellan]] was always a castle warrior in the first centuries of the kingdom.<ref name='Engel_71'/> Castle warriors were eager to preserve their special status,<ref name='Bán_237'/> thus they frequently sued ''udvarniks'' or castle folk who tried to take their lands or usurp their privileges.<ref name='Rady_20'/> Even so, castle folk were sometimes elevated to the higher status of castle warriors.<ref name='Bán_237'/>
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==See also==
* [[County (Kingdom of Hungary)]]
* [[Ispán]]
* [[Ministerialis]]
* [[Nobles of Turopolje]]
* [[Nobility in the Kingdom of Hungary]]
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==Sources==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{
* Curta, Florin (2006). ''Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250''. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-521-89452-4}}.
* {{
* Engel, Pál (2001). ''The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526''. I.B. Tauris Publishers. {{ISBN|1-86064-061-3}}.
* Kontler, László (1999). ''Millennium in Central Europe: A History of Hungary''. Atlantisz Publishing House. {{ISBN|963-9165-37-9}}.
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* Rady, Martyn (2000). ''Nobility, Land and Service in Medieval Hungary''. Palgrave (in association with School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London). {{ISBN|0-333-80085-0}}.
* ''The Laws of the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary, 1000–1301'' (Translated and Edited by János M. Bak, György Bónis, James Ross Sweeney with an essay on previous editions by Andor Czizmadia, Second revised edition, In collaboration with Leslie S. Domonkos) (1999). Charles Schlacks, Jr. Publishers. {{ISBN|1-884445-29-2}}. {{OCLC|495379882}}. {{OCLC|248424393}}. {{LCCN|89010492}}. {{OL|12153527M}}. (ISBN may be misprinted in the book as 88445-29-2).
* {{
{{Refend}}
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