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| coordinates = {{coord|53.5333|-2.2833|display=inline,title}}
| official_name = Prestwich
| population = 31,
| metropolitan_borough = [[Metropolitan Borough of Bury|Bury]]
| metropolitan_county = [[Greater Manchester]]
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'''Prestwich''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|r|ɛ|s|t|w|ɪ|tʃ}} {{respell|PREST|witch}}) is a town in the [[Metropolitan Borough of Bury]], [[Greater Manchester]], England,<ref name="GM Gazetteer">{{cite web|url=http://www.gmcro.co.uk/Guides/Gazeteer/gazzo2r.htm |title=Greater Manchester Gazetteer |publisher=Greater Manchester County Record Office |access-date=20 June 2007 |at=Places names – O to R |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718144358/http://www.gmcro.co.uk/Guides/Gazeteer/gazzo2r.htm |archive-date=18 July 2011 }}</ref> {{convert|3|mi|km|
Within the boundaries of the [[Historic counties of England|historic county]] of [[Lancashire]], Prestwich was the seat of the ancient parish of [[Prestwich-cum-Oldham]],
The oldest part of Prestwich, around Bury New Road, is known as Prestwich Village. There is a large Jewish community in Prestwich which, together with neighbouring [[Whitefield, Greater Manchester| Whitefield]], [[Broughton, Greater Manchester|Broughton]] and [[Crumpsall]], makes up the second largest Jewish community in the UK outside London.
==
Prestwich is possibly of [[Old English]] origin, derived from ''preost'' and ''wic'', which translates to the priest's farm.<ref>{{Harvnb|Mills|1976|p=123}}</ref> Another possible derivation is priest's retreat. Wic was a place-name element derived from the Latin vicus, place. Its most common meaning is dairy-farm.<ref name="domesday">[http://domesdaybook.net/helpfiles/hs855.htm Domesday Book] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227073738/http://domesdaybook.net/helpfiles/hs855.htm |date=27 February 2012 }}</ref>
The township was variously recorded as Prestwich in 1194, Prestwic in 1202 and Prestewic in 1203.<ref name=vch>{{Citation|editor1-last=Farrer |editor1-first=William |editor2-last=Brownbill |editor2-first=J. |title=The parish of Prestwich with Oldham: Prestwich|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53002 |work=A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 5 |publisher=British History Online |year=1911 |pages=76–80|access-date=30 November 2010}}</ref>
==
===Early history===
[[File:The Church Inn, Prestwich.jpg|thumb|left|The Church Inn (formerly the Ostrich Inn) next to St Mary's Church]]
[[File:Prestwich Village.jpg|thumb|left|The White Horse (left) and the Railway and Naturalist (right), Prestwich Village]]
Bury New Road roughly follows the line of a [[Roman Empire|Roman]] road connecting forts at ''[[Mamucium]]'' ([[Manchester]]) and ''[[Bremetennacum]]'' ([[Ribchester]]). It is possible that a Roman fort or encampment was built at "Castle Hill", near the [[Salford, Greater Manchester|Salford]] border, mirroring an encampment on Rainsough Hill equidistant from the Roman road.<ref>[
</ref> The camp was "just to the right of the old road to Bury, immediately beyond Singleton Brook, on the first field in the Parish of Prestwich, which was formerly known as Lowcaster". Roman coins have been found off Bury New Road, near Prestwich Golf Course and some in [[Prestwich Clough]].
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In the [[hearth tax]] of 1666 there were 97 hearths in the township, the rector's house was the largest with ten.<ref name= vch/> In the 17th and 18th centuries local government was based on the parish structure. The lord of the manor administered [[land tenure]] and [[inheritance]], but law and order was kept by parish constables assisted by the church wardens. The local justices sat in the "Star Chamber" in the Ostrich Inn, now the Church Inn, close to the parish church where the justices' seat can still be seen.<ref>Makepeace, C. E. (1974) ''Prestwich, a brief history''. Prestwich Borough Council</ref> The village had stocks which remained in use until 1800.<ref name= vch/>
===Development===
The settlement grew to serve the parish church making Church Lane the historic centre.<ref name="Love Prestwich"/> In the late 18th century the area was mainly rural with scattered farms and small settlements grew at Great and Little Heaton. The population was estimated at 670. Rooden Lane which became part of Bury Old Road was a centre for hand loom weaving and at [[Simister]] and neighbouring [[Bowlee]], silk weaving was established. During the 19th century another settlement grew around the junction of Fairfax Road and Bury New Road along with another village centre on Bury Old Road. The area between these centres remained rural, however, the arrival of the railway in 1881 encouraged affluent merchants from Manchester to build villas and move to the town.<ref name="Love Prestwich">{{cite journal|last=Anon|title=Love Prestwich: Part 1: Prestwich Today|publisher=Metropolitan Borough of Bury}}</ref>
[[Prestwich Hospital]] was built as an [[History of psychiatric institutions|asylum]] in 1851 and by 1900 it had grown into the largest asylum in Europe.<ref name="Love Prestwich" /> Sedgley Park Teacher Training College was established in Prestwich after the Faithful Companions of Jesus bought a house to accommodate it in 1903.<ref>[https://www.dioceseofsalford.org.uk/diocese/history/ Diocese of Salford; history; former bishops]</ref> When [[Mike Leigh]] was a lecturer at the Catholic women teachers' training college ''Sedgley Park'' he devised and directed two big-cast projects for the [[Manchester Youth Theatre]]: ''Big Basil'' and ''Glum Victoria and the Lad with Specs''.<ref>Coveney, p. 80</ref> The National Archives holds records relating to the college.<ref>[https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C1969657 Manchester, Prestwich, Sedgley Park Training College formerly Salford Training College]; the National Archives</ref>
By 1912 the population had increased to 12,800, and from the 1930s onwards the remaining fields were developed and by 1961 the population reached 31,000 and Prestwich had become a suburb of Manchester.<ref name="Love Prestwich" />
==Governance==
===Political representation===
Prestwich, together with Whitefield and Radcliffe, is part of the marginal [[Bury South (UK Parliament constituency)|Bury South]] Parliamentary [[constituency]], which has been represented by MP [[Christian Wakeford]] since 2019. Wakeford stood as a Conservative
On [[Bury Council]], Prestwich is served by three wards, St Mary's, covering the western half of the town, Holyrood covering the north-east, and Sedgeley to the south. In previous years, they have been represented by all three major political parties, but since the [[2023 Bury Metropolitan Borough Council election|2023 local elections]], all nine seats across the three wards are held by Labour.
===Civic history===
{{main|Prestwich-cum-Oldham}}
[[File:Prestwich fc logo.png|thumb|right|The [[coat of arms]] of the council of the former Municipal Borough of Prestwich.]]
Historically, Prestwich was the [[ecclesiastical]] centre of [[Prestwich-cum-Oldham]] an [[civil parish|ancient parish]] in the [[Salford (hundred)|Salford Hundred]] of [[Lancashire]].<ref name=tde>{{Cite journal |last=Lewis |first=Samuel|title=Prestwich|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51224#s1|journal=A Topographical Dictionary of England |publisher=British History Online |pages=175–179|year=1848 |access-date=30 November 2010}}</ref><ref>[http://www.mancuniensis.info/Maps/salfh_xs.pdf Map of the ten parishes of the Hundred of Salford] retrieved 2 November 2007</ref>
In 1867 the Prestwich Local Board of Health was established which, as a result of the [[Local Government Act 1894]], became Prestwich [[Urban district (Great Britain and Ireland)|Urban District]], to which parts of Great and Little Heaton townships were added. In 1903, Heaton Park was added to the City of Manchester, and in 1933, part of the urban district west of the Irwell was added to Swinton and Pendlebury Urban District. Prestwich became a [[municipal borough]] in 1939, with the council based at [[Prestwich Town Hall]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Bid to save old town hall |url=https://www.lancashiretelegraph.co.uk/news/6024446.bid-save-old-town-hall/ |access-date=6 March 2024 |work=Lancashire Telegraph |date=19 June 2001}}</ref> Under the [[Local Government Act 1972]] it became an [[unparished area]] in the [[Metropolitan Borough of Bury]] in Greater Manchester,<ref name="GM Gazetteer"/> taking effect on 1 April 1974 ==Geography==
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Around 20% of the population of Prestwich is [[Jewish]],<ref name="prestwichcensus"/> and the area, along with neighbouring [[Whitefield, Greater Manchester| Whitefield]], [[Broughton, Greater Manchester|Broughton]] and [[Crumpsall]], makes up the second largest Jewish community in the UK outside London.
The community is particularly concentrated around the Sedgley Park area in the South of Prestwich, which has several synagogues,<ref>[http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/Community/man_boroughs.htm#bury Jewish Communities and Records: Synagogues of Greater Manchester] Retrieved on 12 March 2008</ref>
===Population change===
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[[File:Longfieldsuite.jpg|thumb|left|Longfield Suite main entrance]]
The high street of Prestwich is centred around the Longfield Centre. The centre, which includes the now-closed Longfield Suite, local library and [[NHS]] drop-in centre, is due to be "regenerated" with £100m worth of development work starting in 2024.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our Vision |url=https://yourprestwich.com/our-vision/ |website=Your Prestwich |publisher=Muse and Bury Council |access-date=2 February 2024}}</ref> According to the Sunday Times, the area is an "interesting mix of old and new",<ref>{{cite web |title=Why Prestwich, Greater Manchester, is one of the best places to live in 2022 |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/why-prestwich-greater-manchester-best-place-to-live-uk-zmz7pd65m |website=thetimes.co.uk |publisher=The Times |access-date=2 February 2024}}</ref> with various more upmarket bars and restaurants alongside traditional venues. Many of the local pubs are run by [[Joseph Holt's Brewery|Joseph Holt]], and the brewery's first cask ale festival was hosted in the Woodthorpe pub in 2023.<ref>{{cite web |title=Joseph Holt to host its first cask ale festival |url=https://beertoday.co.uk/2023/10/31/joseph-holt-cask-ale-festival-1023/ |publisher=Beer Today |access-date=2 February 2024}}</ref>
In the Sedgley Park area, there are a number of kosher restaurants and delis.
Prestwich is now considered to be an affluent area and has been called the "[[Didsbury]] of North Manchester".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aboutbritain.com/towns/prestwich.asp |title=Prestwich Tourist Information |publisher=About Britain |access-date=4 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090602043931/http://www.aboutbritain.com/towns/prestwich.asp |archive-date=2 June 2009 }}</ref>
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Bury New Road is the main road through the centre of the town. Buses on the road operate between Prestwich and central Manchester and Bury, with high frequency services operated by [[Go North West]] Local bus routes link the village to northern areas of [[City of Salford|Salford]] including [[Pendlebury]], [[Swinton, Greater Manchester|Swinton]], [[Monton]] and [[Eccles, Greater Manchester|Eccles]]. [[Blackburn Bus Company|The Lancashire Way]] and [[The Witch Way]] express services link Prestwich to Manchester, [[Burnley]] and [[Borough of Pendle|Pendle]]. The road was first constructed by a turnpike trust in 1826.<ref name="Mgs"/>
Bury New Road also intersects
==Landmarks==
===Historic Buildings===
<gallery>
File:Rookwood Wrenwood.jpg|[[Arts and Crafts Movement|Arts and Crafts]], grade II listed building on Hilton Lane, built c1880<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.bury.gov.uk/Environment/LandAndPremises/Buildings/ListedBuildings/ListedBuildings.htm |title=Wrenwood and Rookwood |publisher=Bury Council |access-date=3 January 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026130543/http://www.bury.gov.uk/Environment/LandAndPremises/Buildings/ListedBuildings/ListedBuildings.htm |archive-date=26 October 2007 }}</ref>
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File:Poppythorn Cottage.jpg|Poppythorn Cottage on Poppythorn Lane
</gallery>
===Parks===▼
[[Richard Buxton (botanist)|Richard Buxton]] (1786–1865), a shoemaker born at Sedgley Hall Farm<ref name=vch/> published a botanical guide to the plants found around the Manchester area in 1849.<ref name="Buxton">{{cite book|last=Buxton|first=Richard|title=A botanical guide to the flowering plants, ferns, mosses and algæ, found indigenous within {{convert|16|mi|km}} of Manchester: with some information as to their agricultural, medicinal, and other usesr|publisher=Longman and Co|location=Manchester|year=1849|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o00EAAAAQAAJ&q=Richard+Buxton|access-date=11 May 2009}}</ref> In the early 20th century James Cosmo Melvill wrote that [[Kersal Moor]], Prestwich Clough, Mere Clough, the Park and Hurst Clough were the homes of most of the interesting plants. Many other noted local botanists had studied the area including [[Leo Grindon]] and Thomas Rogers.<ref>Melvill, J. C. (1905) "Flora", in: Nicholls, W. ''History and Traditions''; pp. 165–182</ref>▼
[[File:Prestwich Clough near M60.jpg|right|thumb|One of the trails to Mere Clough]]▼
In 1906 {{convert|9|acre|ha|abbr=off|spell=in}} of land were given to the Prestwich Urban District Council by William Gardner, a further {{convert|13|acre|ha|abbr=off|spell=in}} were purchased and the "sylvan and beautiful" Prestwich Clough was opened to the public as a place of recreation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.prestwichandwhitefieldguide.co.uk/news/prestwich_history/lookingback/4762095.___Sylvan____view_of_the_Clough_in_1908/|title=Looking back:'Sylvan' view of the Clough in 1908|last=pratt|first=Ian|date=26 November 2009|work=Prestwich and Whitefield Guide|publisher=Newsquest Media Group|access-date=3 January 2010}}</ref>▼
Much of the area of the park was industrialised during the 18th and 19th centuries but has been reclaimed with extensive woodlands, reservoirs and grasslands. While this area has become a haven for wildlife, there are still remnants of the area's industrial past. Philips Park has been designated as a [[Local Nature Reserve]] (LNR) and Prestwich Clough as a [[Site of Biological Importance]] (SBI) due to the important contribution they make to the wildlife heritage of [[Greater Manchester]]. The [[Irwell Sculpture Trail]], the Irwell Valley Way and a [[National Cycle Route]] all pass through the park. The "Friends of Prestwich Forest Park" and the [[BTCV]] co-ordinate volunteer activities and events such as the Prestwich Clough Centenary Celebrations.<ref>[http://upcoming.yahoo.com/event/176936/ Prestwich Clough Day 2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516122805/http://upcoming.yahoo.com/event/176936/ |date=16 May 2007 }} Retrieved 26 October 2007</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prestwichclough.co.uk/|title=Prestwich Clough Centenary Committee <!-- Bot generated title -->|website=prestwichclough.co.uk|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref> The renovated Philips Park Barn which has become a major [[Environmental science|environmental]] education and countryside centre for the borough and is used by a number of local groups .<ref>[http://www.bury.gov.uk/Environment/Planning/PlanningProjects/CountrysideAndWildlife/PrestwichFP.htm Prestwich Forest Park] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020092030/http://www.bury.gov.uk/Environment/Planning/PlanningProjects/CountrysideAndWildlife/PrestwichFP.htm |date=20 October 2007 }} Retrieved 26 October 2007</ref>▼
==Education==
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The migration of Jewish families, mainly from the nearby [[Cheetham Hill|Cheetham]] area of Manchester and [[Broughton Park]] in [[City of Salford|Salford]], and the later arrival of Muslims into this urban area, resulted in synagogues, such as [[Heaton Park Hebrew Congregation]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://menmedia.co.uk/prestwichadvertiser/news/s/1060632_what_will_we_do_without_him|title=What will we do without him?|first=Manchester Evening|last=News|date=19 April 2010|website=menmedia.co.uk|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref> and mosques being constructed alongside Christian places of worship. There are Jewish cemeteries at Philips Park Cemetery, Prestwich Village Cemetery was used from 1841 to 1951, and Rainsough Cemetery from 1923. According to [[Nikolaus Pevsner|Pevsner]], the 1934 Holy Law Synagogue was the first "purpose-built" synagogue in Prestwich.
<ref>{{cite book|last1=Pevsner|first1=Nikolaus|last2=Hartwell|first2=Clare|last3=Hyde|first3=Matthew|title=Lancashire: Manchester and the South-East| date=2004|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven and London|isbn=0-300-10583-5|page=368|edition=1st}}</ref>
▲==Parks==
▲[[Richard Buxton (botanist)|Richard Buxton]] (1786–1865), a shoemaker born at Sedgley Hall Farm<ref name=vch/> published a botanical guide to the plants found around the Manchester area in 1849.<ref name="Buxton">{{cite book|last=Buxton|first=Richard|title=A botanical guide to the flowering plants, ferns, mosses and algæ, found indigenous within {{convert|16|mi|km}} of Manchester: with some information as to their agricultural, medicinal, and other usesr|publisher=Longman and Co|location=Manchester|year=1849|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o00EAAAAQAAJ&q=Richard+Buxton|access-date=11 May 2009}}</ref> In the early 20th century James Cosmo Melvill wrote that [[Kersal Moor]], Prestwich Clough, Mere Clough, the Park and Hurst Clough were the homes of most of the interesting plants. Many other noted local botanists had studied the area including [[Leo Grindon]] and Thomas Rogers.<ref>Melvill, J. C. (1905) "Flora", in: Nicholls, W. ''History and Traditions''; pp. 165–182</ref>
▲[[File:Prestwich Clough near M60.jpg|right|thumb|One of the trails to Mere Clough]]
▲In 1906 {{convert|9|acre|ha}} of land were given to the Prestwich Urban District Council by William Gardner, a further {{convert|13|acre|ha}} were purchased and the "sylvan and beautiful" Prestwich Clough was opened to the public as a place of recreation.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.prestwichandwhitefieldguide.co.uk/news/prestwich_history/lookingback/4762095.___Sylvan____view_of_the_Clough_in_1908/|title=Looking back:'Sylvan' view of the Clough in 1908|last=pratt|first=Ian|date=26 November 2009|work=Prestwich and Whitefield Guide|publisher=Newsquest Media Group|access-date=3 January 2010}}</ref>
▲'''Prestwich Forest Park''' consists of {{Convert|200|ha|acres}} of land on the western side of Prestwich incorporating, [[Philips Park, Whitefield|Philips Park]], Prestwich Clough, Mere Clough, Waterdale Meadow and [[Drinkwater Park]].
▲Much of the area of the park was industrialised during the 18th and 19th centuries but has been reclaimed with extensive woodlands, reservoirs and grasslands. While this area has become a haven for wildlife, there are still remnants of the area's industrial past. Philips Park has been designated as a [[Local Nature Reserve]] (LNR) and Prestwich Clough as a [[Site of Biological Importance]] (SBI) due to the important contribution they make to the wildlife heritage of [[Greater Manchester]]. The [[Irwell Sculpture Trail]], the Irwell Valley Way and a [[National Cycle Route]] all pass through the park. The "Friends of Prestwich Forest Park" and the [[BTCV]] co-ordinate volunteer activities and events such as the Prestwich Clough Centenary Celebrations.<ref>[http://upcoming.yahoo.com/event/176936/ Prestwich Clough Day 2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516122805/http://upcoming.yahoo.com/event/176936/ |date=16 May 2007 }} Retrieved 26 October 2007</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.prestwichclough.co.uk/|title=Prestwich Clough Centenary Committee <!-- Bot generated title -->|website=prestwichclough.co.uk|access-date=5 April 2018}}</ref> The renovated Philips Park Barn which has become a major [[Environmental science|environmental]] education and countryside centre for the borough and is used by a number of local groups .<ref>[http://www.bury.gov.uk/Environment/Planning/PlanningProjects/CountrysideAndWildlife/PrestwichFP.htm Prestwich Forest Park] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071020092030/http://www.bury.gov.uk/Environment/Planning/PlanningProjects/CountrysideAndWildlife/PrestwichFP.htm |date=20 October 2007 }} Retrieved 26 October 2007</ref>
==Sport==
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|date=
|publisher= Clubmark/Sport England
}}</ref>
Golf is played at Prestwich Golf Club, and crown green bowling in St. Mary's Park. Both are also found at the nearby Heaton Park, where the bowling greens were built for the [[2002 Commonwealth Games]].
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''The Prestwich and Whitefield Guide'' and ''The Bury Times'' are sold in the locality. The ''[[Jewish Telegraph]]'' is produced and printed in Prestwich.
The Longfield Centre civic hall, which previously had one of the largest [[sprung floor]] ballrooms in the north-west of England, was permanently closed in 2021.<ref>{{cite news |title=Prestwich's Longfield Suite to be permanently closed to save council cash |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/prestwichs-longfield-suite-permanently-closed-20936709 |access-date=10 January 2024 |work=Manchester Evening News}}</ref>
There are several private members' clubs in the town, including Prestwich Church Institute, the Carlton Club, and two political clubs - Prestwich [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] Club and Prestwich [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] Club.
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[[Category:Towns in Greater Manchester]]
[[Category:Unparished areas in Greater Manchester]]
[[Category:Former civil parishes in Greater Manchester]]
[[Category:Geography of the Metropolitan Borough of Bury]]
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