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Line 1: {{short description\|German state flag}} {{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2015}} {{Infobox flag \| Name = Berlin \| Article = \| Nickname = ''{{Lang\|de\|Landesflagge\|italic=no}}'' (state flag) \| Image = Flag of Berlin.svg \| Use = 100100 \| Symbol = {{FIAV\|100100}}{{FIAV\|normal}}{{FIAV\|Mirror}} \| Proportion = 3:5 \| Adoption = ~~1954~~26 ~~(West);~~May ~~1990 (Whole)~~1954 \| Design = A tricolor of red-white-red, defaced with an emblem. \| Nickname2 = ''{{Lang\|de\|Landesdienstflagge\|italic=no}}'' (state service flag) \| Image2 = Flag of Berlin (state).svg \| Use2 = 010010 \| Symbol2 = {{FIAV\|010010}}{{FIAV\|normal}}{{FIAV\|Mirror}} \| Proportion2 = 3:5 \| Adoption2 = 1954 (West); 1990 (Whole) Line 19 ⟶ 20: \| Image3 = Standard of senate of Berlin.svg \| Use3 = 010000 \| Symbol3 = {{FIAV\|010000}}{{FIAV\|normal}}{{FIAV\|Mirror}} \| Proportion3 = 1:1 \| Adoption3 = 1990 }} heThe [[Flags of German states\|state ~~'''~~flag]] of [[Berlin]]~~'''~~, Germany has three stripes of red-white-red, the two outer stripes each occupying a fifth of its height, the middle the remaining three -fifths. It is emblazoned with a bear on the [[civil flag]], while it bears the [[coat of arms of Berlin]] on the state flag.▼ The civil flag of [[West Berlin]] was adopted on 26 May 1954. Designed by [[Ottfried Neubecker]], it came in second in the ~~contest of~~ 1952 contest, the winner ~~being~~having been rejected by the [[Senate of Berlin\|Senate]]. The bear is placed slightly off-center toward the left.▼ ▲he '''flag of [[Berlin]]''' has three stripes of red-white-red, the two outer stripes each occupying a fifth of its height, the middle the remaining three fifths. It is emblazoned with a bear on the civil flag, while it bears the [[coat of arms of Berlin]] on the state flag. A bear ~~occurs~~could be found on seals, coins, and signet rings from as early as the late 12th century (but not as a [[heraldic charge]] before 1709), presumably due to a [[canting arms\|canting]] association with the city's name.<ref>Konrad Berlin, "Berliner Bär und Mäuseturm", ''Muttersprache'' 1958, pp. 271-273. ▼ ▲The civil flag of [[West Berlin]] was adopted on 26 May 1954. Designed by [[Ottfried Neubecker]], it came in second in the contest of 1952, the winner being rejected by the [[Senate of Berlin\|Senate]]. The bear is placed slightly off-center toward the left. ▲A bear occurs on seals, coins and signet rings from as early as the late 12th century (but not as heraldic charge before 1709), presumably due to a [[canting arms\|canting]] association with the city's name.<ref>Konrad Berlin, "Berliner Bär und Mäuseturm", ''Muttersprache'' 1958, pp. 271-273. The name ''Berlin'' is of Slavic origin and unrelated to the word ''bear'', but the area was settled by German speakers from as early as the [[Margraviate of Brandenburg\|12th century]]. Reinhard E. Fischer: Die Ortsnamen der Länder Brandenburg und Berlin. Alter – Herkunft – Bedeutung. be.bra wissenschaft verlag, Berlin-Brandenburg 2005, {{ISBN\|3-937233-30-X}}, S. 25.</ref> The state flag replaces the bear with the full [[coat of arms]], with the bear inside the [[Escutcheon (heraldry)\|escutcheon]]. Being the state flag for West Berlin, it became the flag of the entire city after the [[reunification of Germany]] in 1990.<ref>{{Citation \|author= Birgit Laitenberger; \|author2= Maria Bassier \|title=Wappen und Flaggen der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und ihrer Länder: Allgemeine Einführung (Coats-of-arms and flags of the Federal Republic of Germany and her states: General introduction in state symbols) \|year=2000 ~~\|accessdate=2008-11-26~~ \|language=de}}</ref> Prior to that, it had also been the [[naval ensign]], as no other existing flag could be used. The proportions of the flag are 3:5.<ref>{{Citation \|author= State Chancellery \|title=Gesetz über die Hoheitszeichen des Landes Berlin vom 13. Mai 1954 (Law on the State Symbols of the State of Berlin of 13th May 1954) \|year=1954 ~~\|accessdate=2008-11-26~~ \|language=de}}</ref> However, it was only used until 2007 when the {{Lang\|de\|[[Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin\|Abgeordnetenhaus]]\|italic=no}} passed a bill to abolish the state flag. Since then, Berlin has had only one official flag. ==Historical flags== Between 1618 and 1861 a ~~bicolour~~[[Bicolour (flag)\|bicolor]] of black over white was used as both a civil and state flag, under Brandenburg and successive Prussian rules. Between 1861 and 1912, a horizontal triband ("[[Triband (flag)\|~~tricolour~~tricolor]]") of black, red, and white was used in the proportions of 2:3. It was designed by Ernst Fidicin based inon the colors of [[Province of Brandenburg\|Brandenburg]] ~~colors~~ following the coronation of [[Wilhelm I]] on 19 December 1861. Between 1913 and 1954, the civil flag was similar to the current one, except the design of the bear was different. Until 1935, the emblem itself was not established. From 1955 on, [[East Berlin]] had the addition of two white stripes taking the outside halves of the upper and lower red stripes, and a slightly different design for the bear inside an escutcheon, topped with a crown.<ref>{{Citation \|author= Klemens Stadler \|title=Deutsche Wappen. Bundesrepublik Deutschland: Die Gemeindewappen von Rheinland-Pfalz und Saarland, Bremen, Hamburg, Westberlin. (German Coats-of-Arms. Federal Republic of Germany: Municipal Coats-of-Arms of Rhineland-Palatinate, Saar, Bremen, Hamburg, West Berlin.) \|year=1966 ~~\|accessdate=2008-11-26~~ \|language=de}}</ref> The East Berlin flag was therefore a slightly modified version of the old state flag, with the civil flag being deliberately avoided in East Berlin—and conversely, adopted as official in West Berlin—due to the bear in the civil flag being off-center to the left and facing left, strongly suggesting an orientation toward the West. The West Berlin flag was adopted for all of Berlin after 1990. {{Gallery\|align=center \| width = 140\|height=140 \|File:Flag of Berlin 1618-1861.svg\|{{FIAV\|historical}}Flag of Berlin, 1618–1861 \|File:Flag of Berlin 1861.svg\|{{FIAV\|historical}}Flag of Berlin, 1861–1912 \|File:Flag of Berlin.svg\|{{FIAV\|historical}}Flag of Berlin, 1913-–1934 (Civil Flag, 1913–1954) \|File:Flag of Berlin (1934-1954).svg\|{{FIAV\|historical}}State Flag of Berlin 1934–1954 \|File:Flag of East Berlin (1956-1990).svg\|{{FIAV\|historical}}Flag of East Berlin, 1954–1990 \|File:Flag of Berlin.svg\|{{FIAV\|historical}}Flag of West Berlin, 1954–1990 }} == Flag days == The senator for the Interior and Sports has designated several official flag days.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2020-08-31\|title=Die Landesflagge\|url=https://www.berlin.de/sen/inneres/buerger-und-staat/verfassungs-und-verwaltungsrecht/hoheitszeichen/landesflagge/artikel.24366.php\|access-date=2021-04-23\|website=www.berlin.de\|language=de}}</ref> On these days, the Berlin flag must be flown on all public buildings. They include: {\| class="wikitable" \|+ !Date !Name !Reason \|- \|27 January \|Commemoration Day for the Victims of National Socialism \|Anniversary of the liberation of [[Auschwitz concentration camp]] (1945) \|- \|8 March \|[[International Women's Day\|International Women's' Day]] \|International Women's' Day is a public holiday in Berlin since 2018 \|- \|18 March \|Anniversary of the 18 March 1848 \|Anniversary of Uprisings during the [[German revolutions of 1848–1849\|German Revolution]] (1848) \|- \|1 May \|[[Labour Day]] \|Established for German labours to demonstrate for the promotion of workers' rights \|- \|8 May \|Commemoration Day for the [[Nazism\|Liberation from National Socialism]] \|Anniversary of the [[Victory in Europe Day\|Victory in Europe]] Day 1945. \|- \|9 May \|[[Europe Day]] \|Anniversary of the [[Schuman Declaration]] (1950) \|- \|23 May \|Constitution Day \|Anniversary of the [[Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany\|German Basic Law]] (1949) \|- \|17 June \|Anniversary of 17 June 1953 \|Anniversary of the [[East German uprising of 1953\|Uprising of 1953]] in East Berlin and East Germany \|- \|20 June \|Commemoration Day for the Victims of Deportation \|Introduced in 2015 by the German Federal Government ([[World Refugee Day]]) \|- \|20 July \|Anniversary of [[20 July plot\|20 July 1944]] \|Anniversary of the plot around [[Claus von Stauffenberg]] who tried to assassinate [[Adolf Hitler]] unsuccessfully (1944) \|- \|3 October \|[[German Unity Day\|Day of German Unity]] \|Anniversary of [[German reunification]] (1990) \|- \|9 November \|Commemoration Day for the [[German Revolution of 1918–1919\|November Revolution]] and Declaration of the Republic (1918), [[Kristallnacht\|November pogroms]] (1938) and the [[Berlin Wall\|Fall of the Wall]] (1989) \| \|- \|The Second Sunday before Advent \|[[Volkstrauertag\|People's Mourning Day]] \|In memory of all killed during wartime \|} On the Commemoration Day for the Victims of National Socialism and People's Mourning Day, flags must be flown at [[half-mast]]. In addition, they are to be flown on days of the election of the [[President of Germany\|federal president]], to the [[European Parliament]], the [[Bundestag]], the {{Lang\|de\|[[Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin\|Abgeordnetenhaus]]\|italic=no}} and [[Boroughs and neighborhoods of Berlin\|borough assemblies]]. == Flags of boroughs in Berlin == All 12 boroughs have a flag. {{Gallery\|align=center\| width = 120\|height=120 \|File:Flagge Bezirk Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf.svg\|{{FIAV\|Normal}} [[Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf]] \|File:Flag of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg District.gif\|{{FIAV\|Normal}} [[Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg]] \|File:Flag of Lichtenberg District.gif\|{{FIAV\|Normal}} [[Lichtenberg]] \|File:Flag of Marzahn-Hellersdorf District.gif\|{{FIAV\|Normal}} [[Marzahn-Hellersdorf]] \|File:Flag of Mitte District.gif\|{{FIAV\|Normal}} [[Mitte]] \|File:Flagge Bezirk Neukölln.svg\|{{FIAV\|Normal}} [[Neukölln]] \|File:Flag of Pankow District.gif\|{{FIAV\|Normal}} [[Pankow]] \|File:Flag of Reinickendorf District.gif\|{{FIAV\|Normal}} [[Reinickendorf]] \|File:Flag of Spandau District.gif\|{{FIAV\|Normal}} [[Spandau]] \|File:Flag of Steglitz-Zehlendorf District.gif\|{{FIAV\|Normal}} [[Steglitz-Zehlendorf]] \|File:Flag of Tempelhof-Schöneberg District.gif\|{{FIAV\|Normal}} [[Tempelhof-Schöneberg]] \|File:Flag of Treptow-Koepenick District.gif\|{{FIAV\|Normal}} [[Treptow-Köpenick]] }} ==See also== {{Portal\|~~Berlin~~Germany}} * [[Berolina]], personification of Berlin * [[Flags of German states]] ==References== {{~~reflist~~Reflist}} {{Berlin}} Line 65 ⟶ 145: [[Category:Flags introduced in 1954\|Berlin]] [[Category:Flags of cities in Germany\|Berlin]] [[Category:Flags of states of Germany\|Berlin]] [[Category:Culture in Berlin]] [[Category:History of Berlin]] [[Category:Bears in art]] [[Category:Flags displaying animals\|Berlin]] [[Category:Flags with black, red and white\|Berlin]]