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== Brazil ==
On Banks' recommendation, Cunningham went to [[Brazil]] with [[James Bowie (botanist)|James Bowie]] between 1814 and 1816 collecting specimens for [[Kew Gardens]]. Banks later wrote the Cunningham's collections of orchids and bulbs from this part of South America contributed much honour to the Royal Gardens.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article100128924 |title=Allan Cunningham |newspaper=[[The Sunday Mail (Brisbane)|Sunday Mail]] |issue=267 |location=Queensland, Australia |date=8 July 1928 |accessdate=19 November 2023 |page=26 |via=National Library of Australia |archive-date=1 August 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801232216/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/100128924 |url-status=live }}</ref>
== New South Wales ==
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=== 1827 exploration of discovery to the Darling Downs ===
In probably his most famous expedition, Cunningham set out to explore the area to the west of [[Moreton Bay]] in 1827, crossing to the west of the [[Great Dividing Range]] from the [[Hunter Valley]] and travelling north. On this journey, Cunningham named many geographical landmarks including the [[Dumaresq River]], [[Macintyre River]], [[Condamine River]], the [[Darling Downs]], Mount Dumaresq and the Burrell or [[Gwydir River]]. He wrote in his diary that the lush grassland plains on the Darling Downs were ideal for livestock grazing. Exploring around Mount Dumaresq, Cunningham found a pass, now known as [[Cunninghams Gap]].<ref>{{Citation | author1=Lee, Ida | author1-link=Ida Lee | title=Early Explorers in Australia | journal=The Geographical Journal | date=1925 | volume=66 | issue=1 | page=69 | publisher=Methuen | doi=10.2307/1783258 | jstor=1783258 | bibcode=1925GeogJ..66...69C | url=http://gutenberg.net.au/plusfifty-a-m.html#lee | access-date=9 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113135734/http://gutenberg.net.au/plusfifty-a-m.html#lee | archive-date=13 November 2012 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
=== Further exploration of the Moreton Bay region ===
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== Contributions to botany ==
{{see also|:Category:Taxa named by Allan Cunningham (botanist)}}
Australia's most prolific plant collector of the early nineteenth century, Cunningham had been sent to Australia to expand the collection at the King' Garden at [[Kew Gardens|Kew]] and he was given the title of "King's Collector for the Royal Garden at Kew". He was so successful that a hothouse originally built for specimens from Africa was renamed "Botany Bay House" because it became filled with Cunningham's specimens. Although his main role was to collect propagation material, his lasting legacy are his herbarium sheets which are thought by his biographer, Anthony Orchard, to exceed 20,000.<ref name="Orchard">{{cite journal |last1=Orchard |first1=Anthony |title=The dispersal of Allan Cunningham's botanical collections |journal=Telopea |date=12 May 2014 |volume=17 |
It is often thought that Cunningham published few papers on botany and in his obituary, [[John Lindley]] wrote, "How little he regarded posthumous fame is seen by the fewness of his published works, a brief sketch of the Flora of New Zealand being the only systematic account of his Botanical discoveries...".<ref name="Lindl.">{{cite journal |last1=Lindley |first1=John |title=Miscellaneous Notices - Death of Mr. Allan Cunningham |journal=Edwards's Botanical Register |date=1840 |volume=26 |pages=1–3 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28967#page/295/mode/1up |access-date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110061741/http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28967#page/295/mode/1up |archive-date=10 November 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In fact, although he was effectively barred from publishing on botany whilst employed as "King's Collector", he nevertheless later published seven major papers, and 57 shorter papers on subjects including [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]], [[geology]], [[physical geography]] and [[zoology]]. He was one of the first scientists to publish papers on [[Phytogeography|botanical geography]].<ref name="Orchard2">{{cite journal |last1=Orchard |first1=Anthony E. |title=Allan Cunningham's cryptic publications |journal=Telopea |date=14 November 2013 |volume=15 |pages=191–204 |doi=10.7751/telopea2013022|doi-access=free }}</ref>
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== Later life ==
In 1831, Cunningham returned to England, but went back to Australia in 1837 on board {{ship||Norfolk|1814 ship|2}} as government botanist, resigning the following year on finding that he was required to grow vegetables for government officials. On 27 June 1839, he died of [[Tuberculosis|consumption]] in Sydney, and was buried in the [[Devonshire Street Cemetery]]. In 1901, his remains were "reverently removed" and re-interred in an obelisk within the [[Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney|Royal Botanic Garden]] in Sydney.<ref>{{Cite news | newspaper = [[Sydney Morning Herald]] | date = 29 June 1901 | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article14394337 | page = 9 | title = Allan Cunningham | access-date = 29 September 2010 | archive-date = 31 March 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240331062241/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/14394337 | url-status = live }}</ref>
==Works==
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== Legacy ==
[[File:Memorial obelisk to Allan Cunningham (botanist).jpg|thumb|Cunningham memorial obelisk in the [[Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney]]]]
Some of Australia's plants: ''[[Araucaria cunninghamii]]'' (hoop pine), ''[[Archontophoenix cunninghamiana]]'' (Bangalow palm), ''[[Banksia cunninghamii]]'', ''[[Lysiphyllum cunninghamii]]'' (jigal), ''[[Casuarina cunninghamiana]]'' (river sheoak), ''[[Centipeda cunninghamii]]'' (old man weed), ''[[Ficus]] cunninghamii'', ''Medicosma cunninghamii'' (bone wood), ''[[Nothofagus cunninghamii]]'' (myrtle tree, Tasmania), ''Pennantia cunninghamii'' (brown beech), and ''Polyosma cunninghamii'' (rainforest featherwood) commemorate Allan and his brother [[Richard Cunningham (botanist)|Richard]], a botanist.<ref>[http://www.pacsoa.org.au/places/People/cunningham.html Allan Cunningham 1791–1839] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807162623/http://www.pacsoa.org.au/places/People/cunningham.html |date=7 August 2008 }} Retrieved on 27-1-2009</ref> The [[Cunningham Highway]] is named in honour of Allan. The genus ''Alania'' was created by [[Stephan Endlicher|Endlicher]] in Cunningham's honour.<ref>
A species of Australian lizard, ''[[Egernia cunninghami]]'', is named in honour of Allan Cunningham.<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Cunningham", p. 63).</ref>
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