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{{Short description|English botanist and explorer (1791–1839)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=JuneSeptember 20122021}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2012}}
{{Infobox personscientist
|nameimage = Allan CunninghamCunningham07.jpg
|death_datebirth_date = {{DeathBirth date and age|1839|6|27|1791|7|13|df=y}}▼
|image = Allan Cunningham07.jpg
|birth_place = [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]], [[Surrey]], England▼
|caption = Portrait of Allan Cunningham
|birth_datedeath_date = {{BirthDeath date and age|1839|6|27|1791|7|13|df=y}}
|death_place = [[Sydney]], [[New South Wales]], [[Australia]]
▲|birth_place = [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]], [[Surrey]], England
|occupation = Botanist, explorer▼
▲|death_date = {{Death date and age|1839|6|27|1791|7|13|df=y}}
|death_placeknown_for = [[Sydney]],Exploration of eastern Australia
|relatives relations = [[Richard Cunningham (botanist)|Richard Cunningham]] (brother)▼
|nationality = English, Scottish
|author_abbrev_bot = '''A.Cunn.'''
|other_names =
▲|occupation = Botanist, explorer
|known_for = Exploration of eastern Australia
▲| relations = [[Richard Cunningham (botanist)|Richard Cunningham]] (brother)
}}
 
'''Allan Cunningham''' (13 July 1791 – 27 June 1839) was an English [[botany|botanist]] and [[List of explorers|explorer]], primarily known for his [[travel]]sexpeditions ininto uncolonised areas of eastern [[Australia]] to collect [[plant]]s and report on the suitability of the land for grazing purposes.
 
== Early life ==
Cunningham was born in [[Wimbledon, London|Wimbledon]], [[Surrey]], England, the son of Allan Cunningham (head gardener at [[Wimbledon Park]] House), who came from [[Renfrewshire]], Scotland, and his English wife Sarah (née Juson/Jewson née Dicken). Allan Cunningham was educated at a [[Putney]] private school, Reverend [[John Adams (educational writer)|John Adams]] Academy and then went into a solicitor's office (a Lincoln's Inn Conveyancer).<ref name="dab">{{cite web |url=http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks15/1500721h/0-dict-biogCl-Cu.html#cunningham1 |title=Dictionary of Australian Biography Cl-Cu |work=Dictionary of Australian Biography |publisher=Project Gutenberg Australia |access-date=25 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726155626/http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks15/1500721h/0-dict-biogCl-Cu.html#cunningham1 |archive-date=26 July 2015 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> He afterwards obtained a position with [[William Townsend Aiton]] superintendent of [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|Kew Gardens]], and this brought him in touch with [[Robert Brown (Scottish botanist from Montrose)|Robert Brown]] and [[Joseph Banks|Sir Joseph Banks]].
 
== Brazil and Australia (New South Wales)==
On Banks' recommendation, Cunningham went to [[Brazil]] with [[James Bowie (botanist)|James Bowie]] between 1814 and 1816 collecting specimens for [[Kew Gardens]]. OnBanks 28later Septemberwrote 1816the heCunningham's sailedcollections forof [[Sydney]]orchids whereand hebulbs arrivedfrom onthis 20part Decemberof 1816.<refSouth name="dab"/>America Hecontributed establishedmuch himselfhonour atto [[Parramatta,the NewRoyal SouthGardens.<ref>{{cite news Wales|Parramatta]]url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article100128924 Among|title=Allan other explorations, he joinedCunningham |newspaper=[[JohnThe Oxley]]'sSunday 1817 expedition beyond the [[Blue MountainsMail (AustraliaBrisbane)|BlueSunday MountainsMail]] to|issue=267 the|location=Queensland, [[LachlanAustralia River|Lachlan]]date=8 andJuly [[Macquarie1928 River|Macquarie]]accessdate=19 riversNovember and2023 shared|page=26 in|via=National the privationsLibrary of theAustralia |archive-date=1,200 milesAugust (1,930&nbsp;km)2024 journey|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240801232216/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/100128924 He|url-status=live collected specimens of about 450 species and gained valuable experience as an explorer.}}</ref>
 
== CoastalNew explorationSouth Wales ==
He was soon ordered to the colony of [[New South Wales]] and on 28 September 1816 he sailed for [[Sydney]] where he arrived on 20 December 1816.<ref name="dab"/> He established himself at [[Parramatta]].
Cunningham traveled as the ship's botanist aboard [[HMS Mermaid (1817)|HMS ''Mermaid'']] under [[Phillip Parker King]] from 1817 to 1820.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Indigenous intermediaries: new perspectives on exploration archives|last=|first=|publisher=[[ANU Press]] |editor=Konishi, Shino |editor2=Nugent, Maria |editor3=Shellam, Tiffany|year=2015|isbn=9781925022773|location=Acton, A.C.T.|pages=88|oclc=917505639}}</ref> The ''Mermaid'' was of only 85 tons, but sailing on 22 December 1817 they reached [[King George Sound]] on 21 January 1818. Though their stay was short many specimens were found but the islands on the west coast were comparatively barren. Towards the end of March the [[Goulburn Islands]] on the north coast were reached and many new plants were discovered. They reached [[Timor]] on 4 June 1818 and, turning for home, arrived at [[Port Jackson]] on 29 July 1818. Cunningham's collections during this voyage included about 300 species.▼
 
=== Botanist on Oxley's 1817 expedition ===
Cunningham joined [[John Oxley]]'s 1817 expedition beyond the [[Blue Mountains (New South Wales)|Blue Mountains]] to the [[Lachlan River|Lachlan]] and [[Macquarie River|Macquarie]] rivers and shared in the privations of the 1,200 miles (1,930&nbsp;km) journey. He collected specimens of about 450 species and gained valuable experience as an explorer. Cunningham named the species ''[[Acacia pendula]]'' and ''[[Eucalyptus dumosa]]'' during this expedition.
 
=== Botanist on P.P. King's 1817-1822 circumnavigation voyages ===
▲Cunningham traveled as the ship's botanist aboard [[HMS Mermaid (1817)|HMS ''Mermaid'']] under [[Phillip Parker King]] from 1817 to 1820.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Indigenous intermediaries: new perspectives on exploration archives|last=|first=|publisher=[[ANU Press]] |editor=Konishi, Shino |editor2=Nugent, Maria |editor3=Shellam, Tiffany|year=2015|isbn=9781925022773|location=Acton, A.C.T.|pages=88|oclc=917505639}}</ref> The ''Mermaid'' was of only 85 tons, but sailing on 22 December 1817 they reached [[King George Sound]] on 21 January 1818. Though their stay was short many specimens were found but the islands on the west coast were comparatively barren. Towards the end of March the [[Goulburn Islands]] on the north coast were reached and many new plants were discovered. They reached [[Timor]] on 4 June 1818 and, turning for home, arrived at [[Port Jackson]] on 29 July 1818. Cunningham's collections during this voyage included about 300 species.
 
Shortly after his return, Cunningham made an excursion south from Sydney, ascending the prominent peak of [[Mount Keira]] overlooking the [[Illawarra]] region and present day [[Wollongong]]. Towards the end of the year he made a voyage to Tasmania arriving at [[Hobart]] on 2 January 1819. He next visited [[Launceston, Tasmania|Launceston]] and though often finding the botany interesting, he found little that was absolutely new, as Brown had preceded him. In May he went with King in the ''Mermaid'' on a second voyage to the north and north-west coasts.<ref name="dab"/> On this occasion they started up the east coast and Cunningham found many opportunities for adding to his collections. One of these was after the ship reached the mouth of the [[Endeavour River]] (the site of modern [[Cooktown]]) on 28 June 1819.
 
The circumnavigation of Australia was completed on 27 August when they reached Vernon Island in [[Clarence Strait (Northern Territory)|Clarence Strait]]. They again visited Timor and arrived back in Sydney on 12 January 1820. The third voyage to the north coast with King began on 15 June, but meeting bad weather the bowsprit was lost and a return was made for repairs. Sailing again on 13 July 1820 the northerly course was followed and eventually the continent was circumnavigated. Though they found the little vessel was in a bad state when they were on the north-west coast, and though serious danger was escaped until they were close to home, they were nearly wrecked off [[Botany Bay]]. The ''Mermaid'' was then condemned and the next voyage was on the ''Bathurst'' which was twice the size of the ''Mermaid''.<ref name="dab"/> They left on 26 May 1821, the northern route was chosen, and when they were on the west coast of Australia it was found necessary to go to [[Mauritius]] to refit, where they arrived on 27 September 1821. They left after a stay of seven weeks and reached King George Sound on 24 December 1821. A sufficiently long stay was made for Cunningham to make an excellent collection of plants, and then turning on their tracks the ''Bathurst'' sailed up the west coast and round the north of Australia. Sydney was reached again on 25 April 1822. Cunningham provided a chapter on botany to King's ''Narrative of a Survey''.<ref>{{Citation | author1=King, Phillip Parker | authorlink1author-link1=Phillip Parker King | author2=Cunningham, Allan | title=Narrative of a Survey of the intertropical and western Coasts of Australia : performed between the years 1818 and 1822 | date=1827 | publisher=John Murray | volume=2 | pages = 497–533| chapter = A Few General Remarks on the Vegetation of Certain Coasts of Terra Australis | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RjdCAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA497 | accessdate=12 November 2012 }}</ref>
 
=== Further1823 exploration offor easterna Australiapass over the Liverpool Range ===
[[File:Cunningham memorial.jpg|thumb|Memorial to Allan Cunningham's "discovery" of Cunningham's Gap, [[Cunningham Highway, QLD]]]]
In September 1822 Cunningham went on an expedition over the [[Blue Mountains (AustraliaNew South Wales)|Blue Mountains]] and arrived at [[Bathurst, New South Wales|Bathurst]] on 14 October 1822 and returned to Parramatta in January 1823. His account of about 100 plants met with will be found in ''Geographical Memoirs on New South Wales'', edited by [[Barron Field (author)|Barron Field]], 1825, under the title "A Specimen of the Indigenous Botany&nbsp;... between Port Jackson and Bathurst".{{cncitation needed|date=May 2020}}
 
InCunningham 1823soon Cunninghambecame setmore outinterested fromin theexpeditions upperof [[Hunterdiscovery Riverthan (Newbotany Southand Wales)|Hunterin River]]1823 he set out from Bathurst to explore inside the [[Great Dividing Range]].<ref name="stories">{{cite book |title=Stories of the Southside |last=Roberts |first=Beryl |authorlink= |year=1991 |publisher=Aussie Books |location=Archerfield, Queensland |isbn=978-0-947336-01-1 |page=42 }}</ref> With five men and five horses, he setjourneyed outnorth from Bathurst, to explore fromalong the Cudgegong River, passing through what is now Rylstone toand [[Coolah]] and then eastwards tolooking Sconefor anda returningpass tothrough Coolahthe through[[Liverpool MerriwaRange]]. HeUnable examinedto thefind one, he returned west through what is now [[CudgegongMerriwa, RiverNew South Wales|CudgegongMerriwa]] and [[Goulburnthen River]]snorth to the base of the ranges there. On 27 June, passingafter throughsome Coolahdifficult toclimbing, he came across a gap in the northmountains east,which he explorednamed [[Pandoras Pass, New South Wales|Pandora's Pass]], which couldhe havethought openedwould outallow for a fair and practicable road to the [[Liverpool Plains]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Whitehead|title=Pandoras Pass|date=10 June 2013 |publisher=Sunnyland|isbn=978-0-9757163-8-0|page=220}}</ref> This pass was soon superseded however by more accessible passes found to the east. He returned to Bathurst through an undeveloped Mudgee on 27 June 1823.<ref>{{Citation | author1=Heaton, John Henniker | title=Australian dictionary of dates and men of the time : containing the history of Australasia from 1542 to 1879 | date=1879 | publisher=George Robertson | url=https://archive.org/details/australiandicti00heatgoog | page=49 | accessdateaccess-date=12 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120927212215/http://archive.org/details/australiandicti00heatgoog | archive-date=27 September 2012 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
In September 1824 Cunningham accompanied [[John Oxley]] on his second expedition to [[Moreton Bay]] and explored up the [[Brisbane River]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Oxley|first=John|title=Extract from Field Books of Mr. John Oxley|journal=Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland|year=1925|volume=2|issue=3|pages=137–157|url=http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:207593|accessdate=12 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430104502/http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:207593|archive-date=30 April 2012|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>▼
 
Cunningham also undertook an expedition to what is now [[Canberra]] in 1824. He travelled with three convicts, three horses and a cart and he travelled via [[Lake Bathurst (New South Wales)|Lake Bathurst]], [[Captains Flat]] and the valley in which flows the [[Queanbeyan River]]. Poor weather prevented him from continuing his journey south.<ref>''Exploring the ACT and Southeast New South Wales'', J. Kay McDonald, Kangaroo Press, Sydney, 1985 {{ISBN|0-86417-049-1}}</ref>
 
=== Voyage to Moreton Bay in 1824 ===
▲In September 1824 Cunningham accompanied [[John Oxley]] on his second expedition to [[Moreton Bay]] and explored up the [[Brisbane River]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Oxley|first=John|title=Extract from Field Books of Mr. John Oxley|journal=Journal of the Royal Historical Society of Queensland|year=1925|volume=2|issue=3|pages=137–157|url=http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:207593|accessdateaccess-date=12 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430104502/http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:207593|archive-date=30 April 2012|url-status=live|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
 
=== Voyage to New Zealand in 1826 ===
Cunningham had long wished to visit [[New Zealand]] and on 28 August 1826 he was able to sail on a whaler.<ref name="dab"/> He was hospitably received by the missionaries in the [[Bay of Islands]], was able to do much botanical work, and returned to Sydney on 20 January 1827. Accounts of his work in New Zealand will be found in Hooker's ''Companion to the Botanical Magazine'', 1836, and ''Annals of Natural History'', 1838 and 1839.
 
=== 1827 exploration of discovery to the Darling Downs ===
In probably his most famous expedition, Cunningham set out to explore the area to the west of [[Moreton Bay]] in 1827, crossing to the west of the [[Great Dividing Range]] from the [[Hunter RegionValley]] and travelling north. InOn Junethis 1827journey, Cunningham climbednamed tomany thegeographical toplandmarks ofincluding Mountthe [[Dumaresq (nearRiver]], what[[Macintyre is nowRiver]], [[Clintonvale,Condamine Queensland|ClintonvaleRiver]], close tothe [[MaryvaleDarling Downs]], QueenslandMount (SouthernDumaresq Downsand Region)|Maryvalethe Burrell or [[Gwydir River]]) and. afterHe wrote in his diary that thisthe lush areagrassland wasplains on the Darling Downs were ideal for settlementlivestock grazing. Exploring around Mount Dumaresq, Cunningham found a pass, now known as [[Cunninghams Gap]].<ref>{{Citation | author1=Lee, Ida | author1-link=Ida Lee | title=Early Explorers Inin Australia | journal=The Geographical Journal | date=1925 | volume=66 | issue=1 | page=69 | publisher=Methuen | doi=10.2307/1783258 | jstor=1783258 | bibcode=1925GeogJ..66...69C | url=http://gutenberg.net.au/plusfifty-a-m.html#lee | accessdateaccess-date=9 November 2012 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121113135734/http://gutenberg.net.au/plusfifty-a-m.html#lee | archive-date=13 November 2012 | url-status=live | df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 
=== Further exploration of the Moreton Bay region ===
Cunningham returned to the Moreton Bay penal colony in 1828, setting off from Brisbane with [[Patrick Logan]], [[Charles Fraser (botanist)|Charles Fraser]] and five men to find [[Mount Warning]] and to establish the route to [[Cunningham's Gap]] which he did, on 24 July.<ref name="stories"/> The peaks on either side of the gap were also named, [[Mount Cordeaux]] and [[Mount Mitchell (Australia)|Mount Mitchell]]. After exploring the [[McPherson Range]] area, Cunningham travelled on the south side of the Gap whereas the [[highway]] today runs further north, through the gap, from the small township of Aratula. [[Spicer's Gap]] which runs parallel to Cunningham's Gap was actually the pass first identified by Cunningham in 1827.<ref name="heritage">{{cite book |title=Heritage Trails of the Great South East |last=Environmental Protection Agency (Queensland) |authorlink= |year=2000 |publisher=State of Queensland |location= |isbn=978-0-7345-1008-2 |pages=34–35 }}</ref> After its rediscovery by [[Henry Alphen]] in 1847, Spicer's Gap was used as a [[stagecoach]] route. In 1829, Cunningham explored the [[Brisbane River]].
 
== Contributions to botany ==
{{see also|:Category:Taxa named by Allan Cunningham (botanist)}}
Australia's most prolific plant collector of the early nineteenth century, Cunningham had been sent to Australia to expand the collection at the King' Garden at [[Kew Gardens|Kew]] and he was given the title of "King's Collector for the Royal Garden at Kew". He was so successful that a hothouse originally built for specimens from Africa was renamed "Botany Bay House" because it became filled with Cunningham's specimens. Although his main role was to collect propagation material, his lasting legacy are his herbarium sheets which are thought by his biographer, Anthony Orchard, to exceed 20,000.<ref name="Orchard">{{cite journal |last1=Orchard |first1=Anthony |title=The dispersal of Allan Cunningham's botanical collections |journal=Telopea |date=12 May 2014 |volume=17 |pagespage=43–8644 |doi=10.7751/telopea20147421|doi-access=free }}</ref>
 
It is often thought that Cunningham published few papers on botany and in his obituary, [[John Lindley]] wrote, "How little he regarded posthumous fame is seen by the fewness of his published works, a brief sketch of the Flora of New Zealand being the only systematic account of his Botanical discoveries...".<ref name="Lindl.">{{cite journal |last1=Lindley |first1=John |title=Miscellaneous Notices - Death of Mr. Allan Cunningham |journal=Edwards's Botanical Register |date=1840 |volume=26 |pages=1–3 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28967#page/295/mode/1up |accessdateaccess-date=24 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110061741/http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/28967#page/295/mode/1up |archive-date=10 November 2016 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In fact, although he was effectively barred from publishing on botany whilst employed as "King's Collector", he nevertheless later published seven major papers, and 57 shorter papers on subjects including [[Taxonomy (biology)|taxonomy]], [[geology]], [[physical geography]] and [[zoology]]. He was one of the first scientists to publish papers on [[Phytogeography|botanical geography]].<ref name="Orchard2">{{cite journal |last1=Orchard |first1=Anthony E. |title=Allan Cunningham's cryptic publications |journal=Telopea |date=14 November 2013 |volume=15 |pages=191–204 |doi=10.7751/telopea2013022|doi-access=free }}</ref>
 
Cunningham was concerned that many of his discoveries sent to Kew were not published, allowing others, including [[William Baxter (botanist)|William Baxter]] to be credited with their discovery. (Baxter had risked arrest and a possible flogging for undermining Cunningham's work by sending specimens to commercial interests.)<ref name="Endersby">{{cite journal |last1=Endersby |first1=Jim |title=A Garden Enclosed: Botanical Barter in Sydney, 1818-39 |journal=The [[British Journal for the History of Science ]]|date=2000 |volume=33 |issue=3 |pages=313–314|issn=0007-0874|jstor=4027955 |doi=10.1017/S0007087499004033 |s2cid=145561289 }}</ref> When Cunningham returned to London,
he sent duplicates of his herbarium specimens to other botanists, including [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|de Candolle]], [[Johannes Conrad Schauer|Schauer]], [[William Jackson Hooker]], [[George Bentham|Bentham]], [[John Lindley|Lindley]] and others, who published his descriptions with acknowledgement to "A.Cunn.".<ref name="Orchard" />
 
== Later life ==
In 1831, Cunningham returned to England, but went back to Australia in 1837 on board {{ship||Norfolk|1814 ship|2}} as government botanist, resigning the following year on finding that he was required to grow vegetables for government officials. On 27 June 1839, he died of [[Tuberculosis|consumption]] in Sydney, and was buried in the [[Devonshire Street Cemetery]]. In 1901, his remains were "reverently removed" and re-interred in an obelisk within the [[Royal Botanic GardensGarden, Sydney|Royal Botanic GardensGarden]] in Sydney.<ref>{{Cite news | newspaper = The [[Sydney Morning Herald]] | date = 29 June 1901 | url = http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article14394337 | page = 9 | title = Allan Cunningham | access-date = 29 September 2010 | archive-date = 31 March 2024 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20240331062241/https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/14394337 | url-status = live }}</ref>
 
==Works==
*{{cite Q|Q108673781|author-mask=0}}<!-- Brief View of the Progress of Interior Discovery in New South Wales -->
 
== Legacy ==
[[File:Memorial obelisk to Allan Cunningham (botanist).jpg|thumb|Cunningham memorial obelisk in the [[Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney]]]]
Some of Australia's plants: ''[[Araucaria cunninghamii]]'' (hoop pine), ''[[Archontophoenix cunninghamiana]]'' (Bangalow palm), ''[[Banksia cunninghamii]]'', ''[[Lysiphyllum cunninghamii]]'' (jigal), ''[[Casuarina cunninghamiana]]'' (river sheoak), ''[[Centipeda cunninghamii]]'' (old man weed), ''[[Ficus]] cunninghamii'', ''Medicosma cunninghamii'' (bone wood), ''[[Nothofagus cunninghamii]]'' (myrtle tree, Tasmania), ''Pennantia cunninghamii'' (brown beech), and ''Polyosma cunninghamii'' (rainforest featherwood) commemorate Allan and his brother [[Richard Cunningham (botanist)|Richard]], a botanist.<ref>[http://www.pacsoa.org.au/places/People/cunningham.html Allan Cunningham 1791–1839] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807162623/http://www.pacsoa.org.au/places/People/cunningham.html |date=7 August 2008 }} Retrieved on 27-1-2009</ref> The [[Cunningham Highway]] is named in honour of Allan. The genus ''Alania'' was created by [[Stephan Endlicher|Endlicher]] in Cunningham's honour.<ref>[{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A68qyOyhOdkC&pgdq=PA78Alania+%22Allan+Cunningham%22&lpgpg=PA78 |title=CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names |isbn=978-0-8493-2675-2 |access-date=25 March 2023 |archive-date=31 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240331062240/https://books.google.com/books?id=A68qyOyhOdkC&dq=Alania+%22Allan+Cunningham%22&sourcepg=bl&otsPA78#v=BONEgzMBlVonepage&sigq=U9O4DquH4o4Gl2NJXoLCnV_mlYM&hl=enAlania%20%22Allan%20Cunningham%22&eif=PPcPSvfalse |url-pHo-ZjAfhydXkCA&sastatus=X&oilive |last1=book_result&ctQuattrocchi |first1=result&resnumUmberto |date=117 CRCNovember World1999 Dictionary|publisher=CRC ofPress Plant Names]}}</ref> [[Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773)|Robert Brown]] named the conifer genus ''[[Cunninghamia]]'' after both Allan Cunningham and Dr. James Cunningham, a British doctor who introduced the trees into cultivation in 1702.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773) |last=Brown |first=Robert |chapter-url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61465 |chapter=On the structure of the female flower in Cycadae and Coniferae |title=The Miscellaneous Botanical Works of Robert Brown |date=1866 |volume=1 |page=[https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18531482 461] |access-date=22 April 2020 |archive-date=21 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121095853/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/61465 |url-status=live }}</ref>
 
A species of Australian lizard, ''[[Egernia cunninghami]]'', is named in honour of Allan Cunningham.<ref>Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). ''The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles''. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-4214-0135-5}}. ("Cunningham", p. 63).</ref>
 
The Australian federal seat of [[Division of Cunningham|Cunningham]], which stretches from [[Port Kembla, New South Wales|Port Kembla]] in the south of [[Wollongong]] to [[Heathcote, New South Wales|Heathcote]] in Southernsouthern [[Sydney]], was named after him in honour of his being the first European explorer to visit the [[Illawarra|Illawarra region]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/elections/federal/2010/guide/cunn.htm |title=Australian Broadcasting Commission electoral information - Seat of Cunningham |website=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]] |access-date=15 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101028034913/http://www.abc.net.au/elections/federal/2010/guide/cunn.htm |archive-date=28 October 2010 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
 
The locality of [[Allan, Queensland]] was named after him.<ref name=qpn>{{cite QPN|45903|Allan|accessdateaccess-date=13 March 2014}}</ref>
 
{{botanist|A.Cunn.|Cunningham, Allan}}
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{{Commons category|Allan Cunningham (botanist)}}
{{wikisource author}}
*[http://www.artuccinoallancunninghambotanist1839.com/Allan_Cunningham_Botanist_1839/ The Allan Cunningham Project] dedicated to documenting accurate information related to Allan Cunningham
*[http://www.toowoombarc.qld.gov.au/our-region/history/profiles/118-allan-cunningham-botanist-and-explorer.html Toowoomba City Council]
*[http://www.ias.ac.in/jarch/currsci/8/292.pdf Indian Academy of Sciences]
*[http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Author/Home?author=Cunningham,%20Allan,%201791-1839 National Library of Australia]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081223091027/http://www.kew.org/heritage/people/cunningham.html Kew Gardens]
*[https://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/61SLQ_INST/tqqf2h/alma99183959420902061 Colonial Secretary's papers 1822-1877] via [[State Library of Queensland]] includes digitised letters and reports made by Cunningham to the [[Chief Secretary of New South Wales|Colonial Secretary of New South Wales]] regarding the [[Moreton Bay Penal Settlement]]
 
{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:1791 births]]
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[[Category:PhycologistsBritish phycologists]]
[[Category:English botanists]]
[[Category:English explorers]]
[[Category:English taxonomists]]
[[Category:British pteridologists]]
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[[Category:People from Parramatta]]
[[Category:Pre-Separation Queensland]]
[[Category:19th-century English explorers]]
[[Category:19th-century BritishEnglish botanists]]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Cunningham_(botanist)"