TON 618: Difference between revisions

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| dist_ly = {{ubl|{{cvt|3.31|Gpc|Gly|lk=on}}<br>(''light travel distance'')|

{{cvt|5.59|Gpc|Gly|lk=on}}<br>(''comoving distance, present comovingproper distance'')<br /><ref name="ned"/>}}

'''TON 618''' (abbreviation of '''Tonantzintla 618''') is a hyperluminous, [[Spectral line|broad-absorption-line]], radio-loud [[quasar]], and [[Lyman-alpha blob]]<ref name="Ly_alpha">{{cite journal |last1= Li |first1= Jianrui |last2= Emonts |first2= B. H. C. |last3= Cai |first3= Z. |last4= Prochaska |first4= J. X. |last5= Yoon |first5= I. |last6= Lehnert |first6= M. D. |last7= Zhang |first7= S. |last8= Wu |first8= Y. |last9= Li |first9= Jianan |last10= Li |first10= Mingyu |last11= Lacy |first11= M. |last12= Villar-Martín |first12= M. |date= 25 November 2021 |title= Massive Molecular Outflow and 100 kpc Extended Cold Halo Gas in the Enormous Lyα Nebula of QSO 1228+3128 |journal= The Astrophysical Journal Letters |volume= 922 |issue= 2 |pages= L29 |doi= 10.3847/2041-8213/ac390d |arxiv= 2111.06409 |bibcode= 2021ApJ...922L..29L |s2cid= 244102865 |doi-access= free }}</ref> located near the border of the [[constellation]]s [[Canes Venatici]] and [[Coma Berenices]], with the projected [[Distance measures (cosmology)|comoving distance]] of approximately 18.2 billion [[light-year]]s from Earth.{{efn|name=distance|reference=This distance may seem to contradict the age of the Universe and is greater than the oldest light of the most distant objects;. howeverHowever, thisthe time difference corresponds to another quantity, light-travel distance, which is notonly in10.8 billion light contradictionyears. See [[Distance measures (cosmology)]] which explains the distance measures used in [[cosmology]].}} It possesses one of the [[List of most massive black holes|most massive black holes]] ever found, at 40.7 billion {{Solar mass|link=yes}}.<ref name="Ge" />

The emission lines in the spectrum of TON 618 have been found to be unusually wide,<ref name="marie"/> indicating that the gas is travelling very fast; the [[Full width at half maximum|full width half maxima]] of TON 618 has been the largest of the 29 quasars, with hints of 10,500 km/s speeds of infalling material by a direct measure of the H_β spectral line, indication of a very strong gravitational force.<ref name="shem">{{cite journal|last1=Shemmer|first1=O.|last2=Netzer|first2=H.|last3=Maiolino|first3=R.|last4=Oliva|first4=E.|last5=Croom|first5=S.|last6=Corbett|first6=E.|last7=di Fabrizio|first7=L.|title=Near-infrared spectroscopy of high-redshift active galactic nuclei: I. A metallicity-accretion rate relationship|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|date=2004|volume=614|issue=2|pages=547–557|arxiv=astro-ph/0406559|bibcode=2004ApJ...614..547S|doi=10.1086/423607|s2cid=119010341}}</ref> From this, the mass of the central black hole of TON 618 has been estimated to be at 60666 billion solar masses.<ref name="shem"/> This is considered one of the highest masses ever recorded for such an object; higher than the mass of all the stars in the [[Milky Way]] galaxy combined, which is 64 billion solar masses,<ref name="McMillan2011">{{Cite journal |last1=McMillan |first1=P. J. |title=Mass models of the Milky Way |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18564.x |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=414 |issue=3 |pages=2446–2457 |date=July 2011 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2011MNRAS.414.2446M |arxiv=1102.4340|s2cid=119100616 }}</ref> and 15,300 times more massive than [[Sagittarius A*]], the Milky Way's central black hole. With such high mass, TON 618 may fall into a proposed new classification of [[ultramassive black hole]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://newatlas.com/ultramassive-black-holes/53493/ |title="Ultramassive" black holes may be the biggest ever found – and they're growing fast |website=New Atlas |first=Michael |last=Irving |date=21 February 2018 |access-date=21 August 2018 |archive-date=31 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331231814/https://newatlas.com/ultramassive-black-holes/53493/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/ultra_black_holes.html |title=From Super to Ultra: Just How Big Can Black Holes Get? |publisher=NASA – Chandra X-Ray Observatory |date=18 December 2012 |access-date=21 August 2018 |archive-date=17 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617101304/https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/ultra_black_holes.html |url-status=live }}</ref> A black hole of this mass has a [[Schwarzschild radius]] of 1,300 [[Astronomical unit|AU]] (about 390 billion km or 0.04 [[Light-year|ly]] in diameter) which is more than 40 times the distance from [[Neptune]] to the Sun, and its event horizon is large enough to fit over 30 [[solar systems]] inside of it.

The nature of TON 618 as a [[Lyman-alpha emitter]] has been well documented since at least the 1980s.<ref name=Sargent>{{cite journal|title=The distribution of Lyman-alpha absorption lines in the spectra of six QSOs: evidence for an intergalactic origin.|bibcode=1980ApJS...42...41S|last1=Sargent|first1=W. L. W.|last2=Young|first2=P. J.|last3=Boksenberg|first3=A.|last4=Tytler|first4=D.|journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series|year=1980|volume=42|page=41|doi=10.1086/190644|doi-access=free}}</ref> Lyman-alpha emitters are characterized by their significant emission of the [[Lyman-alpha line]], an ultraviolet wavelength emitted by neutral hydrogen. Such objects, however, have been very difficult to study due to the Lyman-alpha line being strongly absorbed by air in the [[Atmosphere of Earth|Earth's atmosphere]], limiting study of Lyman-alpha emitters to those objects with high redshifts. TON 618, with its luminous emission of Lyman-alpha radiation along with its high redshift, has made it one of the most important objects in the study of the [[Lyman-alpha forest]].<ref name=khare>{{cite journal|title = The Lyman alpha forest towards B2 1225 + 317|year = 1997|doi = 10.1093/mnras/285.1.167|url = https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/285/1/167/993418?login=false|last1 = Khare|first1 = P.|last2 = Srianand|first2 = R.|last3 = York|first3 = D. G.|last4 = Green|first4 = R.|last5 = Welty|first5 = D.|last6 = Huang|first6 = K.-L.|last7 = Bechtold|first7 = J.|journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|volume = 285| issue=1 |pages = 167–180|doi-access = free|access-date = 2022-01-29|archive-date = 2022-01-29|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220129184513/https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/285/1/167/993418?login=false|url-status = live|arxiv = astro-ph/9612163}}</ref>