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{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2020}}
{{Infobox musical artist <!-- For individuals; see Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians -->
| name = Roberto Parra Sandoval
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| image_size =
| background = solo_singer
| birth_name = Luis =Roberto Parra Sandoval
| alias = El =Tío Roberto
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1921|06|29}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1995|04|21|1921|06|29}}
| originbirth_place = [[Santiago]], = [[Chile]]
| instrumentorigin = [[Guitar]], [[vocals]]=
| genre instrument = [[Folk music|Folk]]Guitar
| occupationgenre = {{hlist|[[Folk music|Folk]]|[[Cueca]]}}
| years_activeoccupation =
| label years_active =
| associated_actslabel =
| website associated_acts =
| website =
}}
 
'''Luis Roberto Parra Sandoval''' (June 29, 1921 – April 21, 1995), also known in [[Spanish language|Spanish]] as '''El tíoTío Roberto''' (''Uncle Roberto''), was a [[Chile]]anChilean [[singer-songwriter]], [[guitarist]] and [[Folklore|folklorist]]guitarist, member of the [[Parra family]], many of whose members are famous artists. He died in Santiago at age 73.
 
== Biography ==
=== Early times ===
Luis Roberto Parra Sandoval<ref name="Sandoval de la Reina" /> born on June 29, 1921<ref>{{cite web |title=Folclor Urbano: declaran cada 29 de junio como el día de Roberto Parra - Senado - República de Chile |url=https://www.senado.cl/noticias/dia-de/folclor-urbano-declaran-cada-29-de-junio-como-el-dia-de-roberto-parra |website=Senado |access-date=23 September 2021 |language=es-CL}}</ref> in [[Santiago de Chile]], is the fifth child<ref name="Memoria Chilena">{{cite web |title=Roberto Parra (1921-1995) - Memoria Chilena |url=http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-794.html |website=Memoria Chilena: Portal |access-date=23 September 2021 |language=es}}</ref> of Rosa Clarisa Sandoval Navarrete and Nicanor Parra Alarcón.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rosa Clarisa Sandoval Navarrete - Genealogía Chilena en Red |url=http://www.genealogiachilenaenred.cl/gcr/IndividualPage.aspx?ID=I138698 |website=www.genealogiachilenaenred.cl |access-date=23 September 2021}}</ref> He spent much of his childhood in the southern cities of [[Chillán]] and [[Lautaro, Chile | Lautaro]] and contributed to the family budget by working as a newspaper seller, tomb cleaner, shoe shiner and confetti seller in circuses.<ref name="Memoria Chilena" /> In addition, he with his siblings [[Violeta Parra | Violeta]], [[Eduardo Parra | Eduardo]] and Hilda, they dedicated themselves to singing and carrying out various activities in squares, markets, circuses and various venues to help their family, touring cities such as [[Chillán]] and [[Parral, Chile|Parral]].<ref name="Sandoval de la Reina">{{cite web |title=Tío Roberto (Luis Roberto Parra Sandoval) |url=http://www.sandovaldelareina.com/castellano/apellido/sandoval/siglo-xx-sandovales/tio-roberto.html |website=www.sandovaldelareina.com |access-date=23 September 2021}}</ref> After the death of his father Nicanor Parra in 1929, his family went to the capital of [[Santiago de Chile | Santiago]] to seek better economic opportunities.<ref name="Memoria Chilena" />
Born in [[Santiago, Chile]] as the son of ''Clarisa Sandoval Navarrete'' and ''Nicanor Parra Parra'', ''uncle Roberto'' was the fifth son in the ''Parra Sandoval'' family, after siblings [[Nicanor Parra|Nicanor]], Hilda, [[Violeta Parra|Violeta]] and Eduardo, and born before Caupolicán, Elba, Lautaro and Óscar. His first steps in music were precipitated by the early death of his father. With his siblings Violeta, Eduardo and Hilda, he started to sing in the streets of the small towns and villages around [[Chillán]] and [[Parral (Chile)|Parral]].
 
InAt 1935,the whenage he wasof fourteen, yearsbegan old,to Robertoconsolidate started tohis workprofession as a guitarguitarist, playerworking as a musician in severalvarious [[circus]]escircuses, cabarets and [[cabaret]]s, firstclubs in [[southern Chile]]. From Until1935 to the late 1950s,50s he workedbecame known as an ambient musician, traveling from north andto south, becomingto veryenliven popular,provincial alonglife.<ref withname="Memoria hisChilena" brother/> Eduardo,In with whom1938 he formed the '''Dúoduo de losLos Hermanos Parra''' (''Parrawith Brothers[[Eduardo Duet'')Parra in| 1938Eduardo]]. During Hethese sporadicallytimes he worked in severalvarious othertrades jobssuch as: onburner in the Valparaíso's dry-docksdam, asguide, adiarero, paperboypolisher, shoeshinertransporter of food for a prison inmate, welder, mechanic's helperassistant, carpenter, and the owner of a furniture shop, among othersstore.
 
In improvised presentations in all kinds of nightclubs, he conceived a style that would become known under the name of "jazz guachaca", a style that takes inspiration from people such as the American pianist [[Charlie Kunz]], the trombonist and arranger [[ Tommy Dorsey]] and the gypsy-Belgian guitarist [[Django Reinhardt]]. And that he also took various elements from the [[cueca]], [[tango]], [[bolero]], corrido, [[Foxtrot]] and [[jazz]].<ref name="Memoria Chilena" />
During the [[1973 Chilean coup d'état|1973 military coup]], Roberto started to write a text based on the [[Human rights violations in Pinochet's Chile|human rights violations]] that were commited by the military that supported the putsch. The original text got lost in the attempt to hide it from the military escrutiny, but in the 1980s and 1990s, he reworte the texts. These two versions are currently kept by the [[Biblioteca Nacional de Chile|National Library]], and in 2013, in the 40th anniversary of the 1973 coup, Parra's work was adapted into a theater play titled '''El Golpe, un relato de memoria''' (The Coup, a memory tale) directed by Actress Soledad Cruz with a book wrote by Florencia Martínez.
 
'''La Negra Ester'''
 
In September 1957, he arrived for the first time in the Chilean port of ''San Antonio'', where he was hired to sing with the orchestra of the cabaret ''Luces del Puerto''. In the boite ''Río de Janeiro'', he met ''La Negra Ester'', a prostitute and performer of the boite. They started a sentimental relationship that was immortalized in his book '''Las décimasDécimas de la Negra Ester''', a poetry book written in [[décimas]]. [[Andrés Pérez Araya]], director of the theater company [[Gran Circo Teatro]], later adapted La Negra Ester for the stage; the stage adaptation became a milestone in Chilean theater.<ref>[http://museo.fotech.cl/verbiografia.php?id=7 Andrés Pérez Araya, un grande del teatro (obituary)]{{esin iconlang|es}}; see also [[:es:La Negra Ester|Spanish-language entry on La Negra Ester]]</ref>
 
== Discography ==
* 1965: 20 cuecas con salsa verde (credited to the "Trio Los Parra")
* 1966: [[Carpa de La Reina]] (with various artists)
* 1967: Las cuecas de Roberto Parra (re-released as [[CD]] in 1995)
* 1972: Las cuecas del Tío Roberto (with [[Ángel Parra (singer-songwriter)|Ángel Parra]])
* 1990: El jazz guachaca (with several artists)
* 1990: Los tiempos de La Negra Ester
* 1998: [[Peineta (album)|Peineta]] (with Los Tres and Lalo Parra)
 
== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! Director
! Notes
|-
| 1991
| Esto es jazz huachaca<ref>{{cite web |title=Esto es jazz huachaca |url=https://cinechile.cl/pelicula/esto-es-jazz-huachaca/ |website=Cinechile |access-date=23 September 2021 |language=es}}</ref>
| {{n/a}}
| Guieseppe Brucculeri
| Composer
|-
| 1996
| Prontuario de Roberto Parra<ref>{{cite web |title=Prontuario de Roberto Parra |url=https://cinechile.cl/pelicula/prontuario-de-roberto-parra/ |website=Cinechile |access-date=23 September 2021 |language=es}}</ref>
| {{n/a}}
| Hermann Mondaca<br>Ximena Arrieta
|
|-
| 1999
| El desquite<ref>{{cite web |title=El desquite |url=https://cinechile.cl/pelicula/el-desquite/ |website=Cinechile |access-date=23 September 2021 |language=es}}</ref>
| {{n/a}}
| Andrés Wood
| Film based on the play by Roberto Parra
|-
|}
 
== Works ==
*''Poesía popular, cuecas choras y la Negra Ester'' (1996)
*''El Golpe'' (1998)
*''Cuecas'' (2008)
*''Soy zurdo de nacimiento: las cuecas de Roberto Parra'' (2011)
*''Roberto Parra. La vida que yo he pasado'' (2012)
*''Vida, pasión y muerte de Violeta Parra'' (2013)
 
== References ==
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== External links ==
* [http://www.mav.cl/negra_ester/index.htm Las décimas de la Negra Ester] {{esin iconlang|es}}
 
<!-- Goes above DEFAULTSORT/Categories -->
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[[Category:Chilean musicians]]
[[Category:Parra family|Roberto Parra]]
[[Category:Musicians from Santiago, Chile]]
[[Category:Chilean guitarists]]
[[Category:Chilean singer-songwriters]]
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